J. Joutsenvaara

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• Master of Science
• Project Manager at University of Oulu

This study outlines implemented tactics and results for community empowerment through participation in questionnaire surveys, educational programs, and discussion on sustainable sourcing from new critical raw materials (CRMs) projects. Utilising questionnaire surveys, including the Public Participation Geographic Information System (PPGIS), the res...

The AGEMERA project (Agile Exploration and Geo-Modelling for European Critical Raw Materials) advances the exploration of critical raw materials in the EU by deploying innovative, non-invasive geophysical technologies. Funded by the Horizon Europe programme, it aligns with the European Critical Raw Materials Act to enhance resource security and sus...

This study reports observations of Thunderstorm Ground Enhancements (TGE) that occurred in Southern Finland in the Municipality of Vantaa (60° 18' N 24° 58' E at 55 m a.m.s.l) on May 17th, 2020 between 10:23 and 10:28 UTC. The TGEs occurred when a storm front moved across the Helsinki region from roughly a southwest to northeast direction. The TGEs...

Full text available at: https://www.ausimm.com/globalassets/conferences-and-events/society-of-mining-professors/somp2024_proc-ebook.pdf -- ABSTRACT The international online micro-credential (MC) ‘European Critical Raw Materials for the Green and Digital Transition (ECRMs)’ available on the Opal online platform (also known as Bildungsplattform Sach...

The CREDO-Maze project is the concept for a network of stations recording local, extensive cosmic ray air showers. Each station consists of four small scintillation detectors and a control unit that monitors the cosmic ray flux 24 h a day and transmits the results to the central server. The modular design of each array allows the results to be used...

The Erzgebirge region, which straddles the border between Germany and the Czech Republic, has a long mining history and is well-known for its wide variety of natural resources, including critical raw materials crucial to the digital and green economies and high-tech industry. Nonetheless, the region is home to a sizeable population with a rich cult...

Terrestrial Gamma Glow (TGG) was detected for the first time in high latitudes outside the latitudinal band of ± 38° where Terrestrial Gamma Flashes (TGF) are typically observed. This study reports the observations of a TGG events that occurred in Southern Finland at the municipality of Vantaa (60° 18’ N 24° 58’ E at 55 m a.m.s.l) on May 17th, 2020...

This overview provides a comprehensive insight into Callio Lab, a versatile multidisciplinary research platform, by describing the events and actions that have led to the development of the project-based, pay-by-service approach to organizing and economically running the research activities, a mandatory approach for a platform operating without gov...

The digital and green transition aims to bring Europe as a NetZero CO 2 producer by 2050. The need for raw materials is increasing to reach these goals, especially in electrification of mobility, metal processing, renewable energy production and hydrogen economy. Some material needs can be met with recycling, some by substituting current critical r...

We discuss JUNO sensitivity to the annihilation of MeV dark matter in the galactic halo via detecting inverse beta decay reactions of electron anti-neutrinos resulting from the annihilation. We study possible backgrounds to the signature, including the reactor neutrinos, diffuse supernova neutrino background, charged- and neutral-current interactio...

Robotic and manned exploration of the Moon is the next target in Solar System exploration. The availability of in situ resources such as water ice, iron oxides, helium-3, and rare earth elements, combined with permanently sunlit areas, provides the opportunity for the first settlement, either human or robotic, on the Moon. We used several selection...

Underground mines are a vital part of the European raw material industry. The subsurface mining process is related to the large-scale development of underground structures like tunnels, chambers, workings, etc. These structures are abandoned or liquidated during the process of exploitation or after the termination of works. Still, due to the unique...

Monitoring the stability of mine structures, such as tailing ponds and open-pits, is crucial for ensuring the safety of personnel on-site and for preventing environmental accidents. This must be done, not only during the active operation of a mine, but also during possible reuse phases, and even after closure. Currently, monitoring the structural s...

European Union's transition to a low-carbon and digital economy highly depends on securing the strategic autonomy of the Critical Raw Materials (CRMs) supply chain. This paper introduces a European Commission-funded research and innovation action, AGEMERA, which aims to create detailed geological and people's concerns maps to unlock the CRMs potent...

Main goal of the JUNO experiment is to determine the neutrino mass ordering using a 20 kt liquid-scintillator detector. Its key feature is an excellent energy resolution of at least 3% at 1 MeV, for which its instruments need to meet a certain quality and thus have to be fully characterized. More than 20,000 20-inch PMTs have been received and asse...

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that re...

Cosmic-ray muography is a novel method for density characterization of gaseous, solid, and liquid materials in various dimensions and with numerous distinct technologies. The number of applications of muography is on a constant rise, as is also the number of authors, affiliations, journals, publishers, funding agencies, and countries that can be re...

We present the detection potential for the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB) at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), using the inverse-beta-decay (IBD) detection channel on free protons. We employ the latest information on the DSNB flux predictions, and investigate in detail the background and its reduction for the DSNB...

Large-scale solid bodies on Earth such as volcanoes and man-made pyramids have been visualized with solid earth muography, and the recently invented technique, acqueous muography, has already demonstrated its capability to visualize ocean tides and tsunami. In this work, atmospheric muography, a technique to visualize and monitor the vertical profi...

All-weather satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images are widely used to identify surface water bodies when clouds and shadows cause detection errors from optical data. Algorithms for mapping water bodies are often based on determining a threshold value from a backscattering coefficient histogram. The threshold cannot always be found in the c...

We summarize the evidence for DM-like anomalies in neutron multiplicity spectra collected underground with Pb targets by three independent experiments: NEMESIS (at 210 m.w.e.) NMDS (at 583 m.w.e.), and ZEPLIN-II (at 2850 m.w.e.). A new analysis shows small but persistent anomalies at high neutron multiplicities. Adjusted for differences in detectio...

Muography has many possibilities ranging from imaging volcanoes to observing civil infrastructures, industrial targets, or even small-scale objects. G. F. Knoll has laid out the fundamentals of radiation detection and measurement of muon flux. However, what is still lacking is the testing and verification environments for muon detectors used in muo...

A bstract We study damping signatures at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), a medium-baseline reactor neutrino oscillation experiment. These damping signatures are motivated by various new physics models, including quantum decoherence, ν 3 decay, neutrino absorption, and wave packet decoherence. The phenomenological effects of th...

Underground laboratories provide unique environments for science, research and business, but many are not known or stay underutilised. Some of the underground laboratories are located or are planned to be built around the Baltic Sea region. In this work, the main outcomes of the EUL and the BSUIN projects will be presented.

An isolated but highly connected underground mine can be used as an analogue environment for the astronauts operating without sight to the home planet and with limited connectivity to the psychologically-important "home". Similarly to the real-world space mission, the Earth-bound analogue mission can be run with limited resources, i.e., just enough...

We present the detection potential for the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB) at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), using the inverse-beta-decay (IBD) detection channel on free protons. We employ the latest information on the DSNB flux predictions, and investigate in detail the background and its reduction for the DSNB...

Main goal of the JUNO experiment is to determine the neutrino mass ordering using a 20kt liquid-scintillator detector. Its key feature is an excellent energy resolution of at least 3 % at 1 MeV, for which its instruments need to meet a certain quality and thus have to be fully characterized. More than 20,000 20-inch PMTs have been received and asse...

JUNO is a multi-purpose neutrino observatory under construction in the south of China. This publication presents new sensitivity estimates for the measurement of the $\Delta m^2_{31}$, $\Delta m^2_{21}$, $\sin^2 \theta_{12}$, and $\sin^2 \theta_{13}$ oscillation parameters using reactor antineutrinos, which is one of the primary physics goals of th...

Meteorological-tsunami-like (or meteotsunami-like) periodic oscillation was muographically detected with the Tokyo-Bay Seafloor Hyper-Kilometric Submarine Deep Detector (TS-HKMSDD) deployed in the underwater highway called the Trans-Tokyo Bay Expressway or Tokyo Bay Aqua-Line (TBAL). It was detected right after the arrival of the 2021 Typhoon-16 th...

Large-scale solid bodies on Earth such as volcanoes and man-made pyramids have been visualized with solid earth muography, and the recently invented technique, acqueous muography, has already demonstrated its capability to visualize ocean tides and tsunami. In this work, atmospheric muography, a technique to visualize and monitor the vertical profi...

Tidal amplification or tidal reduction as a response to sea-level variations can potentially amplify or mitigate the flood risk associated with future sea-level rise caused by global climate change. Tokyo Bay Seafloor Hyper Kilometric Submarine Deep Detector (TS-HKMSDD), the world’s first detector array located underneath the seafloor, has operated...

We study damping signatures at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), a medium-baseline reactor neutrino oscillation experiment. These damping signatures are motivated by various new physics models, including quantum decoherence, $\nu_3$ decay, neutrino absorption, and wave packet decoherence. The phenomenological effects of these mo...

Pyhäsalmi, in the Town of Pyhäjärvi, hosts one of the northernmost deep underground laboratories in Europe, the Callio Lab. Its origins are in underground physics (Centre for Underground Physics in Pyhäsalmi, CUPP), but gradually it has turned into a multi- and transdisciplinary research environment utilising both the surface and underground. Besid...

Cosmic-ray muography is a group of density-imaging techniques based on directional measurements of muon attenuation in liquid or solid media. The foundations of this emerging multidisciplinary research field were already laid in the 1950s-1970s, but the number of applications and research publications has witnessed a constant increase only in the l...

A new experiment collects data, since November 2019, at a depth of 210 m.w.e. in the Callio Lab in the Pyhasalmi mine in Finland. The setup, called NEMESIS (New Emma MEasurementS Including neutronS), incorporates infrastructure from the EMMA experiment with neutron and large-area plastic scintillator detectors. The experiment’s primary aim is to co...

This work provides a few thoughts on a possible muography test and method validation site located in the underground Pyhäsalmi mine, Finland. Note that this is a conference abstract and that we have also published a longer peer-reviewed paper on the same topic. The latter's title is the same, but its authors are in a different order (Joutsenvaara...

It can be reasoned that many emerging scientific disciplines arise when the conventional sciences cross paths in a manner not seen before. Events like these may lead to the rapid development of new methodologies, concepts, and technologies as the collaboration between previously separate research communities forms a fruitful background to further d...

A poster in the meeting "Muographers 2021, International Workshop on Cosmic-Ray Muography, 24-26 November 2021, Ghent, Belgium."

Muography has applications in engineering, border control, tunnel detection, cave mapping, architecture, archaeology, volcanology, mineral exploration, mining, rock mechanics, water exploration, and many monitoring scenarios. This work will summarise the current development trends in muography by analysing the research publication data mined from t...

Meteorological-tsunami-like (or meteotsunami-like) periodic oscillation was muographically detected with the Tokyo-Bay Seafloor Hyper-Kilometric Submarine Deep Detector (TS-HKMSDD) deployed in the underwater highway called the Trans-Tokyo Bay Expressway or Tokyo Bay Aqua-Line (TBAL). It was detected right after the arrival of the 2021 Typhoon-16 th...

Muography uses muons naturally produced in the interactions between cosmic rays and atmosphere for imaging and characterization of density differences and time-sequential changes in solid (e.g. rocks) and liquid (e.g. melts±dissolved gases) materials in scales from tens of metres to up to a few kilometres. In addition to being useful in discovering...

The OSIRIS detector is a subsystem of the liquid scintillator filling chain of the JUNO reactor neutrino experiment. Its purpose is to validate the radiopurity of the scintillator to assure that all components of the JUNO scintillator system work to specifications and only neutrino-grade scintillator is filled into the JUNO Central Detector. The as...

A bstract JUNO is a massive liquid scintillator detector with a primary scientific goal of determining the neutrino mass ordering by studying the oscillated anti-neutrino flux coming from two nuclear power plants at 53 km distance. The expected signal anti-neutrino interaction rate is only 60 counts per day (cpd), therefore a careful control of the...

The water-ice deposits confined in the lunar regolith form a potential reservoir of water, hydrogen and oxygen for human settlements, scientific research, in-situ resource extraction, construction, and rocket propellants. Here we propose a concept of mobile lunar rovers that would operate as Muon Telescope Rovers (MTRs) in an attempt to apply muogr...

Atmospheric muons are formed in planets' atmospheres as a by-product of natural interactions between atmospheric nuclei and primary cosmic rays. On atmosphereless objects, the production of muons takes place directly in the uppermost layer of the solid object. This also happens on the lunar surface, as our earlier simulations indicate. We propose t...

JUNO is a massive liquid scintillator detector with a primary scientific goal of determining the neutrino mass ordering by studying the oscillated anti-neutrino flux coming from two nuclear power plants at 53 km distance. The expected signal anti-neutrino interaction rate is only 60 counts per day, therefore a careful control of the background sour...

Callio Lab, the host of Callio SpaceLab, is a unique underground infrastructure located at the depths of the Pyhäsalmi mine, Finland. It is one of the cornerstones of the ‘Callio – Mine for business’ concept. The Callio concept aims to create and maintain an economically feasible environment for all mine re-purposing activities at the mine site. Th...

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a 20 kton LS detector at 700-m underground. An excellent energy resolution and a large fiducial volume offer exciting opportunities for addressing many important topics in neutrino and astro-particle physics. With 6 years of data, the neutrino mass ordering can be determined at 3-4 sigma and t...

The OSIRIS detector is a subsystem of the liquid scintillator fillling chain of the JUNO reactor neutrino experiment. Its purpose is to validate the radiopurity of the scintillator to assure that all components of the JUNO scintillator system work to specifications and only neutrino-grade scintillator is filled into the JUNO Central Detector. The a...

Atmospheric neutrinos are one of the most relevant natural neutrino sources that can be exploited to infer properties about Cosmic Rays and neutrino oscillations. The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) experiment, a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector with excellent energy resolution is currently under construction in China. JUNO wil...

A bstract We present the calibration strategy for the 20 kton liquid scintillator central detector of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO). By utilizing a comprehensive multiple-source and multiple-positional calibration program, in combination with a novel dual calorimetry technique exploiting two independent photosensors and reado...

We present the calibration strategy for the 20 kton liquid scintillator central detector of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO). By utilizing a comprehensive multiple-source and multiple-positional calibration program, in combination with a novel dual calorimetry technique exploiting two independent photosensors and readout systems...

To maximize the light yield of the liquid scintillator (LS) for the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), a 20 t LS sample was produced in a pilot plant at Daya Bay. The optical properties of the new LS in various compositions were studied by replacing the gadolinium-loaded LS in one antineutrino detector. The concentrations of the fluo...

Underground laboratories provide a unique environment for various industries and are the perfect place for developing new technologies for mining, geophysical surveys, radiation detection as well as many other studies and measurements. Unfortunately working in underground excavations is associated with exposure to many hazards not encountered in th...

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory~(JUNO) features a 20~kt multi-purpose underground liquid scintillator sphere as its main detector. Some of JUNO's features make it an excellent experiment for $^8$B solar neutrino measurements, such as its low-energy threshold, its high energy resolution compared to water Cherenkov detectors, and its mu...

The Taishan Antineutrino Observatory (TAO, also known as JUNO-TAO) is a satellite experiment of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO). A ton-level liquid scintillator detector will be placed at about 30 m from a core of the Taishan Nuclear Power Plant. The reactor antineutrino spectrum will be measured with sub-percent energy resolut...

The BSUIN (Baltic Sea Underground Innovation Network) aims to enhance the accessibility of the underground laboratories in the Baltic Sea region for innovation, business and science. One of the BSUIN project activities is characterization of natural background radiation (NBR) in underground facilities. In this talk results from NBR measurements per...

The results of measuring the gamma background radiation in Lab 5 of the underground facility in the Pyhäsalmi Mine at a depth of 1410 m are presented. The background integral count rate per kg of germanium of the HPGe-detector was 0.028 s⁻¹×kg⁻¹. After purging the measuring chamber with nitrogen gas at a rate of 0.15 L/h the count rate was reduced...

In operating mines, as well as in deep locations for planned scientific activities, it is essential to recognize the natural background radiation from the point of view of both occupational hazard and experimental background. Callio Lab, located in the Pyhäsalmi Mine, Finland, is one of the underground laboratories participating in the Baltic Sea U...

High energy particles reaching the Earth’s atmosphere are known as cosmic rays. As a result of interactions with nuclei of air molecules, cosmic rays induce showers of secondary particles, which can be divided into 3 components: electromagnetic, hadronic and muonic components. The Experiment with Multi Muon Array (EMMA), located at the depth of 75...

High-multiplicity data, collected with a segmented scintillator array of the cosmic-ray experiment EMMA (Experiment with Multi-Muon Array), is presented for the first time. The measurements were done at the depth of 75 meters (210 m.w.e.) in the Pyhäsalmi mine in Finland. EMMA uses two types of detectors: drift chambers and plastic scintillation de...

The detailed characterization of ionizing radiation is essential for understanding occupational hazards as well as for planning scientific and industrial activities requiring well-defined conditions. The characterization of natural background radiation in the TU Bergakademie mine of Freiberg, Germany, which is one of the underground laboratories pa...

We propose to utilize bedrock as a medium for acoustic detection of particle showers following interactions of ultra-high energy neutrinos. With the density of rock three-times larger and the speed of sound four-times larger compared to water, the amplitude of the generated bipolar pressure pulse in rock should be larger by an order of magnitude. O...

Residual flux and angular distribution of high-energy cosmic muons have been measured in two underground locations at the Canfranc Underground Laboratory (LSC) using a dedicated Muon Monitor. The instrument consists of three layers of fast scintillation detector modules operating as 352 independent pixels. The monitor has a flux-defining area of \(...

Myonigrafia on astrohiukkasfysiikkaan perustuva tiheyden mittausmenetelmä, jossa hyödynnetään avaruudesta tulevaa kosmista hiukkassäteilyä. Tässä työssä kerromme menetelmän pääpiirteistä ja annamme esimerkkejä myonigrafian geotieteellisistä sovelluksista.

Today monuments of industrial history attract more attention than they did decades ago; however, former mining workings are still out of cultural context. Due to evident gaps in the system of Russian subsoil use legislation, as well as the lack of methodological basis for reorganization and operation of former mining workings, the issue of studying...

This paper describes the design, construction principles and operations of the distillation and stripping pilot plants tested at the Daya Bay Neutrino Laboratory, with the perspective to adapt these processes, system cleanliness and leak-tightness standards to the final full scale plants to be used for the purification of the liquid scintillator of...

This paper describes the design, construction principles and operations of the distillation and stripping pilot plants tested at the Daya Bay Neutrino Laboratory, with the perspective to adapt this processes, system cleanliness and leak-tightness to the final full scale plants that will be used for the purification of the liquid scintillator used i...

Residual flux and angular distribution of high-energy cosmic muons have been measured in two underground locations at the Canfranc Underground Laboratory (LSC) using a dedicated Muon Monitor. The instrument consists of three layers of fast scintillation detector modules operating as 352 independent pixels. The monitor has flux-defining area of 1 m$...

We propose to utilize bedrock as a medium for acoustic detection of particle showers following interactions of ultra-high energy neutrinos. With the density of rock three-times larger and the speed of sound four-times larger compared to water, the amplitude of the generated bipolar pressure pulse in rock should be larger by an order of magnitude. O...

The Pyh\"asalmi mine is uniquely suited to host new generation of large-scale underground experiments. It was chosen both by the LAGUNA-LBNO and by the LENA Collaboration as the preferred site for a giant neutrino observatory. Regrettably, none of these projects got funded. The termination of the underground excavations in the fall of 2019 marks an...

A new low-background laboratory has been constructed in the Pyhäsalmi mine in central Finland and was commissioned in the beginning of 2017. The underground experimental hall is located at a depth of 1436 m corresponding to about 4100 m of water equivalent (m.w.e.). We describe the equipment of the laboratory and the backgrounds arising from the na...

Использование подземного пространства в крепких горных породах, после отработки шахт часто вызывают дискуссии об альтернативном использовании оставшейся туннельной системы. Решение заполнить их каменными блоками, бетоном и грунтовыми водами не всегда оптимально, так как эта экологическая работа требует финансовых ресурсов. Альтернативой закрытию яв...

The new cosmic-ray experiment EMMA operates at the depth of 75 m (50 GeV cutoff energy for vertical muons; 210 m.w.e.) in the Pyhäsalmi mine, Finland. The underground infrastructure consists of a network of eleven stations equipped with multi-layer, position-sensitive detectors. EMMA is designed for cosmic-ray composition studies around the energy...