J. Barreiro

Universidad de León | UNILEON · Faculty of Industrial Computer Science and Aerospatiale Engineering

Purpose Among the different methodologies used for performance control in precision manufacturing, the measurement of metrological test artefacts becomes very important for the characterization, optimization and performance evaluation of additive manufacturing (AM) systems. The purpose of this study is to design and manufacture several benchmark ar...

Metal Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes are developing quickly. These processes have several attractive qualities, however, the quality of manufactured parts still remains a major issue that needs to be addressed if it is to become a prevalent technology in the industry. In some powder bed fusion techniques, such as Selective Laser Melting (SLM...

The goal of this work is to study the influence of 3D Binder Jetting process in order to identify the best processing conditions for the resin infiltration post-process. In particular, a dimensional study is carried out to select the most suitable conditions for infiltration in terms of part location in the building bed. Also, the influence of infi...

Optical measurement systems are important techniques for rapid inspecting additively manufactured parts by techniques such as selective laser melting (SLM). Depending on their application, SLM parts require post-processes such as sandblasting or heat treatment, commonly applied in order to improve their surface finish or mechanical properties, resp...

In this paper, the microstructure, defects, hardness, and tensile strength of the 17-4PH specimens manufactured additively using the selective laser melting (SLM) technique were studied. The analyzed parts (10 mm size cubic specimens and tensile specimens) were manufactured with different defocus parameter values (−1, 0, +1 mm) in order to evaluate...

When looking for any metrological verification of parts manufactured by metal laser printing with optical equipment, it is necessary to ensure the traceability of the measurements that can be obtained. The difficulty of this process lies in the fact that these measurements are obtained on point clouds captured from surfaces with high form errors an...

The objective of our research is to improve the properties of calcium-sulphate hemihydrate parts printed by binder jetting. In this paper, we show the thermal treatment results when using temperature time ramps on binder-jetted ceramic parts without infiltrating. The results show that the mechanical properties of printed parts are improved substant...

This research shows the feasibility of the additive manufacturing technique (AM), Binder Jetting (BJ), for the production of shell moulds, which are filled by vacuum suction in the field of aluminium parts production. In addition, this study compares the gravity pouring technique and highlights the advantages of using vacuum techniques in AM moulds...

The objective of this paper was to investigate the most suitable heat treatment for casting molds manufactured by binder jetting. For this purpose, the printed molds were subjected to different heat treatments and the properties of the molds were analyzed. Tests were performed at different temperatures and times to investigate their effect on the w...

In this research, a comparative analysis has been carried out between a traditional sand casting process and a modern mould obtained by additive manufacturing (AM), in the context of aluminium parts production. In this case of AM, an inkjet 3D printing (3DP) process allowed us to create a ceramic mould. A numerical simulation was carried out to stu...

Metal additive manufacturing (AM) allows obtaining functional parts with the possibility of optimizing them topologically without affecting system performance. This is of great interest for sectors such as aerospace, automotive, and medical-surgical. However, from a metrological point of view, the high requirements applied in these sectors constitu...

The advantages of Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes are well known. Particularly, those AM techniques which are used to manufacture metallic parts are of great interest to industry due to the good mechanical behaviour of metallic alloys. Despite this, the quality of the manufactured parts is still an important issue due to the wide range of par...

This work deals with the searching of metrological limits with which the laser scanners mounted on coordinate measuring arms (AACMMs or CMAs) are able to evaluate dimensional and geometric tolerances (GD&T). For this purpose, a novel feature-based gauge for optical sensors is used. This gauge incorporates different types of geometrical entities, pe...

Selective Laser Melting (SLM) stands out among additive manufacturing techniques due to the possibility to obtain full-functional complex metallic components. Despite this technique is already suitable for using in automotive and aerospace industries, its installation has not been as expected due to the high quality standards of these industries. Q...

With the advent of new technologies, there has been a revolution in recent decades that is not alien to companies. Nowadays, the organization of the company is subject to a series of information and/or qualities that are convenient to organize. In order that the information of a company can be used by other collaborating companies, some standards t...

In this research, a comparison between traditional sand casting technique and additive manufacturing technology with InkJet 3D Printing technique (3DP) was made, comparing the manufacturing time, cooling rate, dimensional deviation, surface quality, surface porosity and defects. In this way, feasibility and advantages of additive manufacturing was...

The microstructure and defectiveness of a 17-4 PH sample produced by Selective Laser Melting using nitrogen atomized powder have been studied. The analysis has been performed in both longitudinal and transversal sections with regard to the printing direction. A very fine-grained microstructure has been revealed. The X-Ray analysis has shown the occ...

This work evaluates the performance and operative limits to dimensional accuracy of 3D Optical scanning based on Blue-Light fringe projection technology. This technology, also known as Structured Light 3D scanning, is widely used in many Reverse Engineering applications. It allows to quickly capture and create point clouds, by using images taken at...

Different support applications are available for generating programs to run inspection with Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMM). However, the operator must decide the criteria and strategies to apply, so that quality of inspection depends on his knowledge and skills. Nevertheless, many of the activities involved in inspection planning are repetitiv...

A capillary infiltration study is presented. Three-dimensional inkjet 3D printing samples were used using calcium sulfate hemihydrate as the raw ceramic material. This manufacturing process involves some limitations such as high porosity, poor surface quality and low strength, among others. These problems can be corrected with the infiltrators used...

This work evaluates the dimensional accuracy that is able to reach a commercial Structured White-Light scanning (SWL) equipment. This technology is widely used in many Reverse Engineering applications. It allows to quickly capture and create pointclouds from photographs (taken from different orientations) of a fringe projection pattern. For the sur...

This paper describes the design and test of a tool condition monitoring (TCM) system during a milling process with an especial king-size multiple insert tool for machining very high thickness and length steel plates. The system focuses on the study of acoustic emission and vibration signals in order to correlate both physical phenomena with tool we...

Nowadays, the need for not only technically but also environmentally efficient machining processes is increasing. In this context, the reduction of oil emulsion type coolants used during machining of aeronautical engine components supposes a great challenge. In this paper, a novel approach based on the design, optimization and validation of a nozzl...

In recent years, the need for more efficient machining processes has notably increased, both in terms of productivity and eco-efficiency. In this paper, the use of combined techniques based on cryogenic cooling and minimum quantity of lubrication is proposed and compared with other near-to-dry coolant alternatives. To evaluate the success of the pr...

In this paper a framework is presented for helping to automate the task of inspection planning using coordinate measuring machines. Nowadays, a detailed plan still depends on decisions taken by the operator on the fly and, therefore, results of inspection will depend on his knowledge and skills. Consequently, there is a clear need for additional ef...

This work describes in detail the definition of a procedure for calibrating and evaluating coordinate measuring arms (AACMMs or CMAs). CMAs are portable coordinate measuring machines that have been widely accepted in industry despite their sensitivity to the skill and experience of the operator in charge of the inspection task. The procedure propos...

In this paper, an automatic process to determine tool wear in machining procedures has been developed using computer vision and texture recognition techniques. Two different methods based on Local Binary Pattern (LBP) were evaluated combined with the LOSIB texture booster (Local Oriented Statistical Information Booster). The dataset used is compose...

Due to rising worldwide industrial competitiveness the machining sector is compelled to improve day by day. In this way, CO2 cryogenic machining is presented as alternative to conventional hard turning. So, in the tests carried out in this research, dry and CO2 cryogenic hard turning with two types of inserts were compared. The variables measured w...

The aim of this paper is to estimate efficiently insert wear in metal machining and to improve tool replacement operations. Image processing and classification are used to automatize the decision making about the adequate time for tool replacement. Specifically, the shape descriptor aZIBO (absolute Zernike moments with Invariant Boundary Orientatio...

This paper presents a study about the identification of cutting tool wear state by means of vibration signal analysis in steel dry turning operations. Analyzing the RMS value evolution and FFT frequency spectra of signal an on-line tool condition monitoring system has been developed. The main purpose is to determine the instant from which tool cond...

Para la inspección con Máquinas de Medir por Coordenadas (MMC) se cuenta con diferentes aplicaciones de apoyo a la hora de generar los programas a ejecutar, pero es el planificador el que establece los criterios y estrategias, por lo que la calidad de la inspección depende de su conocimiento y habilidades. Además, muchas de las actividades involucr...

Para la inspección con Máquinas de Medir por Coordenadas (MMC) se cuenta con diferentes aplicaciones de apoyo a la hora de generar los programas a ejecutar, pero es el planificador el que establece los criterios y estrategias, por lo que la calidad de la inspección depende de su conocimiento y habilidades. Además, muchas de las actividades involucr...

Arm Coordinate Measuring Machines (AACMM) have several shortcomings, including the lack of reliability derived from their condition of manual measurement. This paper deals with the improvement in AACMM inspection planning to increase the reliability in the measurement. The proposed methodology is based on an innovative aspect in system integration...

Different proposals have been presented along last years with the purpose of automating the process of dimensional inspection planning with coordinate measuring machines (CMM) and touch probe technology. These proposals have focused mainly on particular items such as analysis of accessibility, orientation of the part or trajectory paths among surfa...

A methodology for knowledge representation is outlined in coordinate metrology. The methodology includes an informal model and a subsequent formal model for implementation in a KBE application. Knowledge tools have been used for this task, such as conceptual maps, functional diagrams and others. The final aim of the research is to convert implicit...

This paper is aimed at increasing knowledge about the uncertainties of measurements on CMMs by applying a model of corrections based on combining a Global Metric procedure, a Monte Carlo statistical analysis and a Neural Network method that links and commands both items. In fact, this paper analyses general criteria for using a variant of Monte Car...

In this chapter a model for prediction of cutting forces when turning austenitic stainless steels following the approach of mechanistic models is presented. Mechanistic models, also called semi-empiric, use empiric laws based on the tool geometry and coefficients obtained by experimentation. These coefficients implicitly pick up characteristic data...

This work deals with the development of a KBE model oriented to part inspection processes using coordinate measuring arms equipped with contact probes. Specifically this work describes some of the techniques, decision rules and algorithms that have been developed as a result of various research projects (focused on calibration and verification of C...

One of the main principles of metrology, when talking about instrument calibration, concern to the idea of reproducing the actual measurement process during calibration (same instrument handling, environment, measurement parameters, etc.) in order to obtain suitable information. In spite of that, this principle is being currently neglected in Artic...

Portable Measuring Arms or Articulated Arm Coordinate Measuring Machines (AACMMs) unique characteristics bring flexibility to the inspection task and allow outside laboratory measurements. However, still a few works study their metrological behavior, uncertainty or assessment. In fact, AACMM assessment involves time consuming and expensive processe...

As a consequence of the lack of characterization of advanced physical vapour deposition (PVD) coatings in the scope of turning, a methodology is presented to evaluate the performance of nanostructured coated tools in the scope of difficult to machine materials turning in particular are austenitic stainless steels. A main aspect of this research is...

Articulated arm coordinate measuring machines (AACMM or CMA) have conquered a market share in the actual dimensional metrology field, overall when their role implies the inspection of geometrical and dimensional tolerances in an accurate 3D environment for medium-size parts. However, the unavoidable fact of AACMM manual operation constrains its rel...

Articulated Arms Coordinate Measuring Machines (AACMMs) have spread out in the manufacturing industry thanks to their flexibility and reduced cost. Nevertheless, their performance has been barely studied unlike traditional coordinate measuring machines. Therefore, a lack of traceability and reliability have been found AACMM field. AACMM performance...

Coordinate Measuring Arms (AACMMs or CMAs) made up their own type of dimensional measurement machines due to their unique characteristics: structural redundancy, portability and manual control. Therefore, specific evaluation methodologies have been developed in order to guarantee their measurement reliability and traceability. Despite the fact that...

Articulated Arm Coordinate Measuring Machines (AACMMs) require a fast and reliable evaluation methodology and gauge at reduced cost. In this work, a gauge with virtual circles is presented and a study of its reliability is carried out. The studied parameters include the center error and the standard deviation of the center, diameter and distance. T...

The market of turning tools is coped majority by hard metal tools with CVD coating. However, availability of tools with sharp cutting edges is essential in light turning of small parts. In this context, PVD process is optimum for obtaining sharp edges. Therefore, a methodology is presented to evaluate the performance of PVD advanced tools for turni...

A study of the operator contact force influence on the performance of Articulated Arm Coordinate Measuring Machines (AACMMs) is presented in this paper. After developing a sensor capable of measuring the contact force applied by an operator, a ring gauge has been used to analyse the relationship between the contact force and diameter and form error...

Turning has been widely studied and documented. However, limitations still remain due to the absence of reliable information about certain materials. Such is the case for austenitic stainless steels. Despite the fact that these materials are of great economic and technological significance, a lack of knowledge still exists about their behavior when...

A methodology for seminars developing in manufacturing engineering is presented. Often, when planning similar seminars, it is noted that seminars have a very limited duration. A normal way to overcome this limitation is to prepare the seminar educational documents, at students’ disposal, before the seminar date. In this point, ICT tools used for vi...

La presente invención se refiere a un patrón dotado de características geométricas dirigido a la verificación de la técnica de medición con Brazos Articulados de Medición por Coordenadas (Articulate Arm Coordinate Measuring Machine –AACMM-, o simplemente Coordinate Measuring Arm –CMA-), de los AACMM y su calibración. Aunque también, como patrón fís...

This paper presents a real-time force measuring system development and implementation for Articulated Arm Coordinate Measuring Machines (AACMMs or CMAs). Due to the lack of studies on the AACMM field, force analysis of touch trigger probes on Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMMs) are used to propose a new force measuring instrument. AACMM forces are...

Turning operation has been widely studied, and it is a well-known process. However, still today some limitations exist in the processing of some materials, mainly due to the poor or inexistent characterization. Such is the case of austenitic stainless steels, which in spite of being materials of high economic and technological value, their behavior...