Izmail Batkin

Ballistocardiography (BCG) is the measurement of body movement by forces associated with heart contraction that can be used for monitoring cardiac activity. It has already been measured by force sensor and accelerometer. In this research, we developed a capacitive wristband that provides a method for single point, continuous BCG measurement, which...

Accuracy of blood pressure (BP) measurement is a challenging issue in oscillometry. Most of the automated noninvasive BP monitors estimate BP from envelope of the measured oscillometric pulses. The peak and the trough of the oscillometric pulses are very sensitive to noise caused by breathing, heart-rate variability, motion artifacts, muscle contra...

Blood pressure (BP) readings in oscillometry are very sensitive to the posture of the body, arm, and body movements during the BP measurements, so measuring conditions are the first important factors for trusted BP readings. Next is the BP estimation algorithm, which is responsible to convert the cuff deflation curve (CDC) pressure signal to accura...

A variety of oscillometric algorithms have been recently proposed in the literature for estimation of blood pressure (BP). However, these algorithms possess specific strengths and weaknesses that should be taken into account before selecting the most appropriate one. In this paper, we propose a fusion method to exploit the advantages of the oscillo...

Non-invasive blood pressure (BP) measurement is an important tool for managing hypertension and cardiovascular disease. However, automated non-invasive BP measurement devices, which are usually based on the oscillometric method, do not always provide accurate estimation of BP. It has been found that change in arterial stiffness (AS) is an underlyin...

Radar-based noncontact sensing of life sign signals is often used in safety and rescue missions during disasters such as earthquakes and avalanches and for home care applications. The radar returns obtained from a human target contain the breathing frequency along with its strong higher harmonics depending on the target’s posture. As a consequence,...

A method for investigating the optical properties of human tissues is suggested. The method is based on the measurement of Cherenkov radiation produced by relativistic electrons passing through the tissue. Monte-Carlo simulation of visible photon emission and propagation is carried out taking into account multiple electron and photon scattering pro...

A method and system is described for using radar to provide non-contact detection of human breathing at a distance. Radar data is processed to remove clutter and enable detection of a breathing signal. The breathing signal can be used to determine breathing rate or posture of the target. Static obstructions can be removed from the radar data to ide...

An accurate noninvasive estimation of mean arterial pressure (MAP) is of great importance in the evaluation of circulatory function and prognosis of some cardiovascular diseases. This paper proposes a novel oscillometric MAP estimation method based on the dependence of pulse transit time (PTT) on cuff pressure (CP). The PTT computed as the time int...

Presently 90 - 95% of children in the US wear disposable diapers before completing their toilet training at average age of 30 months. The diaper absorbs urine and liquid component from feces contaminated with excreted toxicants. In this initial study, we posit that the long contact between the diaper and the skin leads to increased dermal reabsorpt...

Tissue resistance changes upon application of DC current. We posit that in a similar fashion, that scalp and skull resistances during trancranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are variable, resulting in changes to intracranial dose. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), electoencephelogram (EEG), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI),...

In this paper we present a novel algorithm destined to estimate systolic and diastolic blood pressures from lumen area oscillations of vessel underneath the cuff by using automated oscillometric method. This algorithm is composed of three procedures which process only the diastolic region information of oscillometric waveform (OMW) from 80 mmHg to...

Simple, unobtrusive, and reliable estimation of cardiovascular parameters is a challenge. We present a novel, simple, and noninvasive method called Ratio2 that provides expected ranges for systolic and diastolic blood pressure values (SBP, DBP) estimated by any algorithm, and an evaluation of vessel compliance. Ratio2 was developed in the frame of...

In several applications of bioimpedance spectroscopy, the measured spectrum is parameterized by being fitted into the Cole equation. However, the extracted Cole parameters seem to be inconsistent from one measurement session to another, which leads to a high standard deviation of extracted parameters. This inconsistency is modeled with a source of...

Temperature induced enhancement of tDCS efficacy Mekonnen A.1,2, Gholami-Boroujeny Sh.1 , Batkin, I.1, Caytak, H.1,2, Bolic, M. 1 1Neuromodulation and Monitoring Research Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; 2Nuraleve Inc., Ottawa, Canada Introduction During transcranial direct current...

Transcranial direct current simulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique that has become increasingly popular as a potential therapeutic method for a variety of brain disorders. Since the treatment outcome may depend on the current density delivered to the brain cortical region, a significant challenge is to control the current dos...

A device for cranial nerve stimulation of an individual is disclosed, having a signal driver unit for producing a current; an intraoral stimulation board having at least one primary electrode, and at least one secondary electrode positioned on the individual for communicating a current through the individual, wherein current can flow between the in...

Oscillometry is the most common measurement method used in electronic blood pressure (BP) monitors. However, most of the existing oscillometric algorithms employ empirical ratios on the oscillometric waveform envelope (OMWE) to determine the systolic pressure (SP) and diastolic pressure (DP). As these algorithms do not consider the cardiovascular s...

Human detection is an integral component of civilian and military rescue operations, military surveillance and combat operations. Human detection can be achieved through monitoring of vital signs. In this article, a mathematical model of human breathing reflected signal received in PN-UWB radar is proposed. Unlike earlier published works, both ches...

Physicians' understanding of biosignals as measured with medical instruments becomes the foundation of their decisions and diagnoses of patients, as they rely strongly on what the instruments show. Thus, it is critical and very important to ensure that the instruments' recordings exactly reflect what is happening in the patient's body so that the a...

MouthPad is a tongue-computer interface, which enables the control of a computer pointer through tongue movements, in a joystick like manner. The movement of the tongue is monitored via an electrode array, placed on the palate; the contact impedance between the anterior tongue and the electrodes provides the position of the tongue relative to the e...

Background: To evaluate the impact of sampling rate on the predictive capability of continuous fetal heart rate (FHR) variability (fHRV) monitoring for detecting fetal acidemia during labor, we tested the performance of the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) in R–R intervals from the ECG when acquired with the sampling rate of 4 Hz...

A novel method for stand-off detection and localization of human targets behind the wall using a monostatic ultra wideband (UWB) radar is proposed. In this method, Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and skewness are employed to achieve detection and localization. Identification of possible bins that may contain the target is done using the SVD whil...

Sleep apnea is a common condition that poses serious health risks. Current state-of-the-art technology for diagnosing and assessing sleep apnea is obtrusive, expensive, and lacks integration/analysis of important cardiovascular and respiratory parameters. This paper evaluates a novel unobtrusive multiparameter sleep apnea monitor, namely, the Biope...

Super absorbent polymer (SAP) is examined as a viable substitute of carbon for transcutaneous stimulation electrode design. Parameters such as fluid release under pressure, current homogeneity, resistance and drying rate were considered. Results showed that SAP electrodes had reduced fluid release under pressure and lower resistance when compared t...

We have developed a tongue-computer interface that displays the tongue position and movement onto a computer screen, and translates them into mouse cursor movements. The system employs an intraoral electrode array, and an embedded controller that provides communication with the target computer. The position and the movement of the tongue are detect...

Fetal cholinergic anti‐inflammatory pathway (CAP) provides negative feedback on systemic inflammation. This is reflected in subtle alterations of fetal heart rate (FHR) variability (fHRV). We hypothesized that distinct patterns of fHRV correlation to pro‐inflammatory cytokines will reflect CAP's spontaneous versus inflammatory response states. We i...

Fetal cholinergic anti‐inflammatory pathway (CAP) activity parallels changes in fetal heart rate variability (fHRV) in response to acidemia or inflammation. We hypothesized that 1) a multi‐domain fHRV measures approach will detect CAP activation early and 2) the degree of CAP activation will reflect the level of cerebral inflammation independent of...

Oscillometry is a popular technique for automatic estimation of blood pressure (BP). However, most of the oscillometric algorithms rely on empirical coefficients for systolic and diastolic pressure evaluation that may differ in various patient populations, rendering the technique unreliable. A promising complementary technique for automatic estimat...

Accurate automatic noninvasive assessment of blood pressure (BP) presents a challenge due to conditions like arrhythmias, obesity, and postural changes that tend to obfuscate arterial amplitude pulsations sensed by the cuff. Researchers tried to overcome this challenge by analyzing oscillometric pulses with the aid of a higher fidelity signal-the e...

The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of continuous heart and respiratory rate variability (HRV and RRV, respectively) monitoring in critically ill patients derived from electrocardiogram (ECG) and end-tidal capnography (etCO(2)) waveforms. Thirty-four patients (age, 56.5 ± 15.9 years; Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation I...

Breathing causes fluctuations in blood pressure and contributes to variations in blood pressure estimates. In order to reduce the variability in the blood pressure estimates induced by breathing, either the breathing signal should be removed from the oscillometric blood pressure signal, or its effects should be suppressed. This paper presents a hyb...

We present a prototype of an integrated blood pressure (BP) and electrocardiogram (ECG) device for multi-parameter physiologic monitoring. A standard BP pressure cuff and an ordinary wristband have been modified to incorporate in them dry ECG electrodes made of thin conductive fabric. The modified BP cuff and wristband are coupled with commercially...

This paper addresses the suppression of the effects of the breathing signal from short duration oscillometric waveform (OMW) recordings to obtain improved blood pressure estimates. As the amplitude modulating effects due to the breathing signal are multiplicative in nature, homomorphic filtering is done on the OMW. An adaptive filtering methodology...

Background: Early diagnosis of sepsis enables timely resuscitation and antibiotics and prevents subsequent morbidity and mortality. Clinical approaches relying on point-in-time analysis of vital signs or lab values are often insensitive, non-specific and late diagnostic markers of sepsis. Exploring otherwise hidden information within intervals-in-...

In this paper, we extend considerations developed for application to coherence in spontaneous radiation processes involving a gas, to interactions of high energy neutrinos with a relic neutrino gas leading to conversion of flavor. Under certain conditions we show that this flavor conversion can be strongly enhanced by coherence effects. These cons...

A gas proportional chamber has been employed to make precise observations of the low-energy portion of the H-3 beta spectrum in methane molecules. This spectrum has been well fit to the combination of an electron screening potential of 76 +/- 4 (stat) +/- 9 (sys) eV, simultaneously with - 22 +/- 3 (stat) +/- 9 (sys) eV of molecular neutralization e...

A gas proportional chamber has been employed to make precise observations of the low-energy portion of the [Formula Presented] β spectrum in methane molecules. This spectrum has been well fit to the combination of an electron screening potential of [Formula Presented] (stat) [Formula Presented] (sys) eV, simultaneously with [Formula Presented] (sta...

A gas proportional chamber has been assembled to make precise observations of the low-energy region of the H-3 beta spectrum. Backgrounds have been measured and understood, and are maintained at similar to 2% of the data rate. Wall effects have been simulated for this chamber and are predicted at < 0.5% of events. Systematic effects which may intro...

Numerical simulation of the emission of ionizing radiation from visual display terminals is carried out. The features of time and frequency distribution of emitted X-rays are investigated. The characteristic peak in the time response of the X-ray detector is used to introduce a new method to develop a high sensitivity detector to measure X-ray radi...

The reaction in the interior of the Sun has been the focus of interest of a number of investigators due to its bearing on the solar neutrino problem. In this paper we have calculated the effect of the excitation of plasma oscillations (plasmon) during the reaction and present results on the changes in the reaction rate and in the energy spectra of...

Modification of the nuclear matrix elements for transitions between the ground state of a nucleus and accessible excited states of the nucleus formed by neutrino capture on the original nucleus are calculated on the basis of a deformed shell model where the initial and/or final nuclei involved may be deformed. It is shown that as long as there are...

A relativistic study of the process of K-shell auto-ionization is presented. The direct collision mechanism is re-examined for nuclei with relatively high beta -decay end-point energies. The contribution of this mechanism is shown to be sufficiently large and may reach 50% for some nuclei. The calculated value of the total probability is compared t...

A new method for improving the limit on the electric charge of the neutrino is suggested. The method relies on generating an alternative potential between a metallic hemisphere and ground by a time-oscillating neutrino beam. The transitions between hyperfine sublevels of polarized nuclei undergoing beta decay are used to produce the time-oscillatin...

The effect of static electricity on the deposition of radon daughters onto charged surfaces is determined by a combined experimental and theoretical analysis. Experiments with charged surfaces exposed to the air in a normal working environment are analysed to determine an empirical radon daughter deposition rate. This factor is utilized to estimate...

The development of a sensitive detector for neutrinos of astronomical origin (simply called astronomical neutrinos hereafter) would make possible detailed investigation of supernovae (SN) and open the way for the discovery of new astronomical phenomena. The neutrino weak interaction cross section at energies less than 100 MeV increases with Z due t...

In this paper we calculate the changes to the solar neutrino spectrum arising from the radiative corrections in the β decay processes responsible for the production of the neutrinos. Explicit results are given for the neutrinos arising from the {ital pp} reaction and for the ⁸B neutrinos.

In this paper, the influence of a third body-the single particles of the plasma-on the rate of nuclear reactions in the interior of the sun is calculated using a semiclassical approach. The results suggest that increases ranging from 2% to 8% are possible for the rate of nuclear reactions in the solar core. The implications of these results for sol...

The production of light photons during beta decay in condensed media is investigated. The internal and external bremsstrahlung processes are considered as mechanisms for the light emission. It has been found that the total number of photons depends on the end-point of the beta spectrum and on the media characteristics. The degree of circular polari...

A theory of the internal bremsstrahlung from double beta decay has been developed. The interference effects were taken into account. The calculations were carried out with accuracy of the order alpha Z. It was shown that the contribution of the interference term may reach 30%.

A review is given of the results of experimental and theoretical study of the emission of high-energy γ rays with {ital E}{sub γ} above the energy per nucleon ({ital E}/{ital A}) of the bombarding particle in heavy-ion collisions with energies from 8 to more than 100 MeV/nucleon. Methods of detecting the γ rays and also neutrons and charged part...

Within the framework of a previously suggested microscopic model of high-energy photon production in heavy-ion collisions, a formula is obtained for the double differential cross section of the ..gamma.. yield, taking into account the recoil effect and mutual penetration of ions. This formula permits calculating electromagnetic radiation spectra in...

The paper examines the contribution of bremsstrahlung from relativistic electrons during the deexcitation of plasma atoms and ions to the continuous spectrum of gamma radiation from a relativistic electron moving in a plasma. A comparison is made between electron energy losses due to Compton backscattering and due to bremsstrahlung emitted during t...

The process of exciting atoms and atomic nuclei by relativistic electrons and positrons bound in a one-dimensional potential is investigated theoretically. It is shown that a pole corresponding to the emergence of a virtual photon on a bulk surface occurs in the matrix interaction element under definite kinematic relationships. It is obtained that...

A theoretical analysis of the internal bremsstrahlung (IB) process accompanying the ..cap alpha.. decay of a nucleus in the region of ..gamma.. ray energies Epsilonless than or equal to200 keV is carried out. It is shown that in this energy range the radiation is produced in a region whose dimensions are much greater than the nuclear radius, as a r...

A novel mechanism is proposed for the production of X-ray and gamma-rays by a beam of relativistic electrons passing through an excited medium. It is shown that the radiation is due to the de-excitation of the quantum system interacting with the electrons. It is suggested that the radiation yield may be enhanced by the correlation of excited quantu...

The dynamic interaction of a positron with a nucleus in the process of nuclear ..beta../sup +/ decay is treated in second-order perturbation theory. It is shown that in the resonance case this interaction leads to the appearance of monoenergetic positrons on the background of the continuous positron spectrum of the fundamental ..beta../sup +/ trans...

We have calculated the cross sections for excitation of low-lying nuclear states by synchrotron radiation. Two excitation mechanisms are compared. The first involves direct interaction of an SR photon with a nucleus, and the second: scattering of a photon in the electron shell of the atom. It is shown that in certain cases the contribution of the l...

An expression is obtained for the cross section for bremsstrahlung of a relativistic electron in the field of a nucleus. The screening effect of the atomic electron shell is taken into account. For calculation of the cross section we propose a method which permits good convergence in orbital angular momentum to be obtained. The cross section is cal...

We consider the influence of resonant electromagnetic radiation on the characteristics of light mesic atoms (¹H, ²H, ³He, and ⁶Li). The conditions are investigated under which the populations of the hfs sublevel populations become equalized in the case of linearly polarized radiation. We calculate the dependence of the critical external field...

Spectra of photons emitting due to internal Compton effect in 203Tl have been measured in a coincidence experiment. It is found that the calculated theoretical values from the formula of Wang Chang and Falkoff fit the experimental ones fairly well within the accuracy of the measurement.

The spectrum of the inner bremsstrahlung accompanying the doubly ; forbidden electron capture in nucleus ³⁶Cl was measured in the energy range ; from 600 up to 1040 keV by means of onecrystal scintillation spectrometer. The ; value of 1141 plus or minus 8 keV was obtained for the transition energy in the ; experiment. The experimental value of t...

It is shown that the action of resonant laser radiation can alter the populations of the hyperfine-structure sublevels of ..mu..-mesic atoms, thus altering the muon-capture probability.

The internal Compton effect is studied theoretically for magnetic conversion transitions. Relativistic electron wave functions and the electron Green's function, constructed for the Tietz screened Coulomb potential, are used in the calculations. The calculated shape of the spectrum of the ..gamma.. radiation that accompanies the internal conversion...

Nuclear polarization corrections to the energies of mesic transitions of even-even spherical nuclei are calculated in the mass-number region 60< or =A< or =150. Monopole, dipole, and quadrupole virtual excitations of the nucleus are taken into account. A factorized representation is used for the dipole and quadrupole matrix elements. Summation over...

Without the use of adjustable parameters we construct a microscopic model of creation of high-energy photons in the energy interval from 40 to 200 MeV in the collision of multiply charged ions with the kinetic energy of relative motion from 40 to 100 MeV/nucleon. The emission of high-energy radiation is regarded as a result of the collective ''dece...

We consider l-forbidden ..beta.. transitions of odd spherical nuclei. The phonon density matrix of the even-even core is constructed and the Hamiltonian of the interaction of an odd quasiparticle with a phonon is written down within the framework of the theory of finite Fermi systems. Using a variational procedure, we obtain the explicit form of th...

A theoretical study has been made of the influence of the rearrangement of the electron shell of the atom and molecule on the low-energy part of the ..beta.. spectrum of tritium. It is shown that the effects of autoionization lead to change of the screening constant and distortion of the ..beta.. spectrum, but the integrated probability of decay re...

The inelastic scattering of neutrinos on a superradiative system of diatomic molecules is studied. The cooperative nature of the scattering process is described, and it is shown that the focusing of relic neutrinos is possible.

A theoretical analysis is carried out of the nonresonance excitation of the nucleus in annihilation of positrons with emission of bremsstrahlung. The plane-wave approximation is used in calculation of the cross section. General formulas are obtained for ML and EL excitations of the nucleus. Specific calculations are carried out for the nuclear leve...

A theoretical analysis of the excitation of the low-energy nuclear levels lying below the annihilation threshold (E/sub ex/