Izabela Grabowska

Akademia Leona Kozminskiego · Department of Economics (1)

This introductory paper, reflecting the Thematic Cluster of four papers, brings together two themes that are important for migration studies: return migration and embedding. Beyond any simplistic assumptions of settlement and permanent integration back into the origin country, following return, or notions of ongoing unfettered mobility back and for...

By this article we want to say that we still know very little about the migration of war refugees from Ukraine as the process has been happening massively before our eyes. This article contributes to the vast literature on refugees. Firstly, it presents a new non-Western perspective because Ukrainian refugees move predominately from Eastern to Cent...

In this paper, we propose a sentiment analysis of Twitter data focused on the attitudes and sentiments of Polish migrants and stayers during the pandemic. We collected 9 million tweets and retweets between January and August 2021, and analysed them using MultiEmo, the multilingual, multilevel, multi-domain sentiment analysis corpus. We discovered t...

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the interplay between international migration, soft skills and job and life satisfaction after returns. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses the dataset of Human Capital in Poland 2010–2014 representative surveys with 4040 return migrants, who worked temporarily abroad and returned to an origin in compa...

Intro: The main aim of this article is to discuss a change in a post-enlargement migration picture of the European Union (EU) through analysing migrant selectivity from households remaining in an origin of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), in Poland. We link the properties of selectivity to various socio-demographic and economic characteristics, wh...

The main aim of this article is to analyse the interplay between international migration, life events related to transition to adulthood and the acquisition of soft skills as a result of working and living abroad. The article is based on an online survey conducted in spring and summer 2020 among 740 Polish and Lithuanian return migrants from the UK...

In this paper, we propose a sentiment analysis of Twitter data focused on the attitudes and sentiments of Polish migrants and stayers during the pandemic. We collected 9 million tweets and retweets between January and August 2021, and analysed them using MultiEmo, the multilingual, multilevel, multi-domain sentiment analysis corpus. We discovered t...

We present the design, implementation and evaluation of a new cloud-based social chatbot called MyMigrationBot, that is deployed to Facebook. The system asks and answers questions related to user's personality traits and person-job competency fit to give feedback, and potentially support migrant populations. The chatbot's response database is based...

We present the design, implementation and evaluation of a new cloud-based social chatbot called MyMigrationBot, that is deployed to Facebook. The system asks and answers questions related to user's personality traits and person-job competency fit to give feedback, and potentially support migrant populations. The chatbot's response database is based...

The reintegration of return migrants has been an important issue in migration studies for several decades. While much research has been done to identify returnees’ strategies and their labour market situation in their country of origin, little attention has been devoted to their attachment, especially in quantitative studies. This paper seeks to ad...

International mobility has become a significant part of the life experiences of a growing number of Polish youths since the enlargement of the EU in 2004, influencing young people's transitions from education to work or transitions across different labour markets. The key aim of this paper is to explore socio-occupational sequences of young people...

This book explores the intangible human capital which international migrants bring with them and develop further when working and living abroad, drawing on case studies and original data from Central Europe and Mexico–USA. The book demonstrates that despite the fact that many international migrants might be working in their destination countries a...

The aim of the paper is to analyse the process of the creation of the hybrid organizational form and the mechanisms of its action. The paper is theory oriented and is based on new institutionalism and hybridity. The research question is how a hybrid organization efficiently functions while simultaneously drawing on three different and partially con...

Profound social transformations verify the usefulness of theoretical concepts, the explorative skills of social researchers, and their ability to think innovatively. The Introduction to this book specifi es the main opportunities and problems for research during the COVID-19 pandemic. The challenges are threefold: 1) on the empirical level; 2) on t...

Dynamika zjawisk społecznych to priorytetowy temat dla socjologów, zarówno przedmiot, jak i uzasadnienie ich nieustannych wysiłków badawczych. Zbiorowości ludzkie nie mają statycznego charakteru, lecz podlegają nieustannym transformacjom. Ta procesualność, w postaci gwałtownych lub ewolucyjnie przebiegających przemian, stanowi węzłowe zagadnienie d...

The publication is devoted to issues related to the development of tools for measuring social impact generated by social enterprises. A valuable aspect of the monograph is the inclusion of case studies of selected tools (such as social return on investment, local multiplier, balanced scorecard) in partnership with social enterprises. The authors pa...

This article analyses the impact of mobility on sending CEE countries after the biggest EU enlargement of 2004 with some reference to the EU enlargement of 2007. It is presented on the fifteenth anniversary of the biggest historical EU enlargement with a disclaimer that economic and social changes are still enduring. The aim of this article is to e...

This research paper aims to outline the concept of "liquid integration" within the context of vulnerable young migrants' experience. We argue against an understanding of integration as a "start-to-end" process in which the young migrant starts as "not integrated" and after a while somehow reaches a socially ascribed miraculous status of being "full...

The article explains the impact of working and living abroad on informal human capital of two generations of Poles: the ‘Generation of Change’ who was born in 1970s and the beginning of 1980s and the ‘Generation of Migration’ who was born in mid-1980s and at the beginning of 1990s. Our contribution to this Special Issue brings the umbrella concept...

CEEYouth: The comparative study of young migrants from Poland and Lithuania in the context of Brexit. Combining public statistics, web survey and asynchronous interviewing This Working Paper introduces the theoretical considerations and empirical design of the ongoing research project, entitled: CEEYouth: The comparative study of young migrants fro...

This article was motivated by the centenary (2018) of the seminal sociological monograph Polish Peasant in Europe and America by Thomas and Znaniecki (1918). It shows that classics can be not only occasionally referenced but also read in-depth with the new contemporary concept of social remittances embedded in transnational ties. Reaching for the P...

Celem artykułu jest stworzenie typologii grup rówieśniczych (paczek przyjaciół) z wybranych społeczności lokalnych oraz ukazanie ich ewentualnego wpływu na mobilność przestrzenną (migracje wewnętrzne i zagraniczne). Respondenci w wieku 19-34 lata retrospektywnie nakreślali grupy z okresu szkoły ponadgimnazjalnej, w których znajdowali się zarówno mi...

How has the international mobility of Polish citizens intertwined with other influences to shape society, culture, politics and economics in contemporary Poland? The Impact of Migration on Poland offers a new approach for understanding how migration affects sending countries, and provides a wide-ranging analysis of how Poland has changed, and cont...

This paper discusses the challenges of researching peer groups through a multi-focal, temporal lens in a retrospective manner. Embedded in a broader “Peer Groups & Migration” Qualitative Longitudinal Study (QLS), the article focuses on recruiting young respondents (aged 19-34 at present) who originally come from one of the three medium-sized towns...

The process of social remitting is complex, multilayered and involves numerous social actors that at each stage face several choices of action. By definition, the process of socially remitted ideas, codes of behaviour and practices starts with the migrants themselves and their social context in the destination country. This chapter traces in detail...

This chapter analyses the methodological considerations taken into account in our study. Specifically transnational multisited longitudinal research is taken into account as an underexplored approach in migration studies. This relates to repeating ethnographic visits to the sites and repeated in-depth interviews with information-rich individuals bo...

The concept of social remittances, coined by Levitt (1998 and later), evoked many scholarly reactions, but its mechanisms are rarely clearly defined or operationalised. This chapter attempts to reconstruct the mechanisms of social remitting in a transnational European context. The aim is to discuss the primary factors of the mechanisms of social re...

The outcomes of social remittances and their spillover depend on the one hand on the content and modes of transfer, but on the other hand on characteristics of local inhabitants who are potential receivers of social remittances. Our research shows that local inhabitants see migration as a general social phenomenon and not as a new pattern, with exa...

The chapter introduces the reader into the ethnographic context of the communities under study in the Polish regions of Podlasie, and Upper and Lower Silesia. Through the eyes of migrants in the UK, returnees and stayers, mental maps of the communities are reconstructed, which give “a double insight” perspective helping to uncover the relation betw...

In the introductory chapter we set the scene of social remittances in an enlarged European Union (EU). We relate here to the migration-development nexus and the roles of social remittances within that. We also check for validity of this migration-development reasoning for the “new” EU countries that are all classified as “developed economies”. Then...

The chapter brings evidence that migrants, under certain conditions, may act as local agents of change by circulating social remittances. Firstly, migrants need to act actively and daily in given opportunity structures both of community of origin and destination. Secondly, they need to have a local social recognition for spreading out forms of soci...

In the concluding chapter we bring together various threads of the arguments to point to the real, intense and very important relationship between migration and social change in the countries of origin as well as localities of destination (although on a different scale). We stress that the attention to small-scale, mundane, banal and everyday actio...

This article examines how the social skills of migrants are moulded in workplaces and employment-related situations. It surveys literature on social skills, workplaces, social remittances and relational learning. It devotes attention to destination workplaces as spaces where people who left their comfort zones experience disjuncture between origin...

Poakcesyjne migracje międzynarodowe Polaków obserwowane na poziomie lokalnym są procesami komplementarnymi względem szerszych zmian społecznych. Mogą stanowić istotny komponent tak zwanej miękkiej modernizacji i są możliwe do dostrzeżenia wówczas, gdy w badaniach zostaną uwzględnione niematerialne, pozafinansowe zasoby transferowane przez migrantów...

‘An important contribution to debates about migration and social change. Based on interdisciplinary, longitudinal research on migration between three Polish communities and the United Kingdom in post-accession Europe, Grabowska and her colleagues carefully unpack how social remittance transfers actually work. In a world in which sending governments...

EFEKTY SPOŁECZNYCH PRZEKAZÓW MIGRACYJNYCH (SOCIAL REMITTANCES) W POLSKICH SPOŁECZNOŚCIACH LOKALNYCH Od rozszerzenia Unii Europejskiej z Polski wyjechało około 2,3 mln osób. Za tymi danymi kryją się historie społeczności lokalnych, rodzin, indywidualnych migrantów. Celem tego artykułu jest pogłębiona analiza zbiorowych i indywidualnych efektów społe...

Some of us learn more from numbers and some of us learn more from life stories of people which are deeply hidden in statistical data (Putnam 2015). The national statistics show that since the EU enlargement in May 2004 more than 2.3 million Poles went abroad. The histories of local communities, families and individuals are hidden in these quantitat...

Certain CEE countries, such as Poland, the Baltic states, Lithuania and Romania, joined the EU in May 2004, and their migratory outflows accelerated as a result. Some scholars say that joining the EU completed the system transformation, and since May 2004 we have been talking about a different stage of development. As we agreed in this introduction...

This article examines the subject of the transition from education to the labour market among young people moving directly from education in Poland to first jobs abroad. With free labour mobility in the European Union (EU), there are now more options for transitions into adulthood, including working abroad. This study uses mainly qualitative empiri...

In the first decade of the new millennium, circular and temporary labour migration trends reached a climax in Europe, as an increasing number of migrants began to engage in more fluid forms of mobility (Castles et al. 2014). The European Union (EU) offered numerous new job opportunities and enhanced migrants’ abilities to engage in temporary circul...

Studia i praca, które stanowiły do niedawna dwa odrębne obszary, podejmowane równolegle w tym samym czasie, mogą na siebie oddziaływać. Nie tylko w przypadku, gdy są ze sobą powiązane tematycznie, ale także wówczas, gdy pozornie do siebie nie przystają. Praco-studiowanie staje się codziennością coraz większej liczby studentów. Absolwenci socjologii...

The author examines social mobility in the enlarged EU by analysing the work sequences of 1865 movers and stayers in Poland. Using indicators of upward and downward social mobility, she explores the role of migration in careers. Her research shows that migration adds dynamism to work paths and contributes to the improvement of people’s working live...

The massive rise in intra-European Union (EU) mobility in recent decades has spawned several important social and cultural phenomena that are still not covered by academic research. Social remittances – the transfer of ideas, practices, codes of behaviours, values and norms between the place of origin and destination are an important aspect of soci...

The author considers Pierre Bourdieu’s conceptual formula where [(habitus) (capital)] + field = practice and brings it to the field of international migration. She proves that a complete, cohesive application of Bourdieu’s theory in migration studies has much greater heuristic potential than the use of isolated individual concepts—it enables a new...

After the fall of the Iron Curtain, Poland became the main sending country in Central Europe. Despite the lack of institutional barriers to settling in member states of the European Union since 2004, many Polish migrants continued to undertake temporary labour mobility including repetitive, back‐and‐forth moves. This article examines the relationsh...

In this article we develop an empirically grounded typology of labour migration patterns among migrants from Central and Eastern Europe, based on two dimensions: attachment to the destination country and attachment to the country of origin. We conducted a survey (N=654) among labour migrants in the Netherlands from Poland, Bulgaria and Romania. We...

Ten central and eastern European countries, along with Cyprus and Malta, joined the European Union in two waves between 2004 and 2007. This volume presents new research on the patterns of migration that resulted from the EU's enlargement. The contributors identify and analyze several new groups of migrants, notably young people without family oblig...

A Continent Moving West? argues that the conceptualization of migration as a one-way or long-term process is becoming increasingly wide of the mark. Rather, east-west labor migration in Europe, in common perhaps with other flows in and from other parts of the world, is diverse, fluid, and influenced by the dynamics of local and sector-specific labo...

The enlargement of the European Union (EU) of 2004 was a major watershed in the post-1989 migration patterns of Polish workers, mainly for the sake of opening the new labour markets within the EU. Thus, the paper is going to answer the questions concerning the possible changes and continuities in the international migrations from Poland; the decisi...

The civic education is one of the biggest challenges of every nation, but in Poland – as a post-communist country – the upbringing of young generation to life in a democratic and modern world, is essential. Education, and so education for democratic citizenship, is very important, even decisive force of development of societies – it can flourish or...

The paper analyses a constellation of factors concerning, on the one hand, the erosion of skills caused by the systemic transition from communism to capitalism, and on the other hand, the failure to create the skills in need in the quantities required. The aim is to explain the co-existence of skill shortages, emigration and high unemployment in Po...

The civic education is one of the biggest challenges of every nation, but in Poland – as a post-communist country – the upbringing of young generation to life in a democratic and modern world, is essential. Education, and so education for democratic citizenship, is very important, even decisive force of development of societies – it can flourish or...

This paper, based on the case study of job migration from Poland to Ireland, is focused on changes in the international mobility of labour. The study is undertaken with a broad term of reference: (a) to consider factors of changes in the international mobility of labour in a macro-sphere; (b) to examine the social and personal factors which might m...