Iyan Offor

Birmingham City University | BCU

There is a critical research gap regarding the trade and animal welfare interface: we do not know, empirically, what the impact of trade on animal welfare is. This gap exists, in part, as a result of the paternalism of international trade law and the underdevelopment of global animal law. This article addresses, firstly, the collision of dichotomou...

Animal law and animal law studies both suffer from shortcomings in their underlying ethics. For the most part, (global) animal law draws from utilitarian welfarism and rights-based approaches to animals. Animal law academics have, thus far, paid little attention to more critical animal ethical studies, although these hold great potential for improv...

Global animal law has emerged as a new legal subdiscipline and area of study following the widespread proliferation of animal law and animal law studies across the globe. However, there remains confusion as to what exactly global animal law is. Early global animal law studies are also entrenching norms that facilitate coloniality and neglect inters...

This chapter identifies five key emerging trends within scholarship on Earth system law, Earth jurisprudence, wild law, ecofeminism and critical posthumanism. These trends are: reliance upon network theories, rejection of binaries in favour of spectrums, plurality, power dispersion, and intersectionality. We employ these trends to expand the precis...

Animal welfare is integral to a number of the Sustainable Development Goals set out in the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This article sets out the ways in which animal welfare is closely linked to sustainable development with particular regard to sustainable agriculture, climate change, environmental protection, biodiversity protectio...

Iyan Offor provides a bold and welcome review of Werner Scholtz’s Animal Welfare and International Environmental Law: From Conservation to Compassion. This (as the reviewed text itself) is important in linking the fields of environmental law and animal welfare which, as Offor and others suggest, might not need to be as separate as is sometimes clai...

This literature review synthesises recent academic commentary analysing whether there is evidence that trade restrictions aimed at protecting animal welfare can be justified under Article XX(a) of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 1994 and thus whether such measures can be complimentary to and comply with the World Trade Organisatio...

There is ample support in the literature (primarily recent academic commentary) for the proposition that trade restrictions aimed at protecting animal welfare can be justified under Article XX(a) of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 1994 and thus are complimentary to and compliant with the World Trade Organisation’s (WTO) free trade...

This thesis examines the World Trade Organisation’s impact on the European Union’s animal welfare protecting trade measures. Chapter I introduces the trade and animal welfare nexus and explains why the EU would seek to simultaneously pursue both trade liberalisation and the protection of animal welfare. Chapter II sets out the trade liberalisation...