Iwona Bąk

West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin · Department of Economics

The article aims to systematize the state of knowledge of and research on the inclusion of ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) risk in companies’ business models, with a special stress on energy sector companies. Many publications address incorporating ESG, but only some deal with it from the perspective of business models. This paper fills...

Energy security affects the functioning of countries politically, economically, and socially. Energy is an important factor in sustainable development efforts. Hence, countries are assessing their energy systems for compatibility with sustainable development goals by creating new concepts for energy development. Combining the concepts of energy sec...

Introduction: ESG risk and the business sector are essential in the process of adapting business models towards sustainability. The article aims to analyze ESG risk, taking into account these business sectors that are most affected by ESG risk, and to identify the relationship between ESG risk and cooperation models of financial institutions and co...

The main purpose of the paper was to identify the most frequently discussed directions of research on green transformation. In the article, both the significant similarities in the existing studies in this field, as well as the newly emerging topics of research, are presented. For this purpose, the authors used a systematic literature review with e...

Poland has a large potential for biogas production from agricultural sources and food waste. This potential is still poorly used. There are many reasons for this state of affairs. We can indicate both the policy of the state towards renewable energy sources (RES) with a small amount of energy from biogas contracted at auctions, investment risk, and...

The article presents the results of research on the transformation process in the Polish country-side between 2010 and 2020, taking into account those rural communes where the State-Owned Farms (PGR) were located. The study aimed to identify the spatial diversity of post-PGR communes on the grounds of socio-economic situation and to assess the rate...

The main purpose of the paper is to identify the factors that determine the course of green transformation and to assess the current stage and possible directions of change in subsequent years in EU countries. The literature lacks comprehensive studies that show the impact of diverse types of factors on the course of green transformation. For this...

The energy sector is one of the most important sectors as it is the producer and supplier of fuel to run other industries and economies. This research aims to present an intertwined structure of risk exposure measuring the performance of the S&P Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) Energy Index and selected companies from the constituents while taking into...

Farms in Poland come in a wide variety of sizes, and the effect of farm size on the profitability of labor has not been sufficiently investigated. This paper takes a fresh look at the model for labor profitability determinants of family farms in Poland in relation to their economic size. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the factors that dete...

Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCM) is a research tool used to study cause-and-effect links between factors determining the development (or lack thereof) of the studied phenomenon. The main effect of its application is a graphical presentation of the relationships between the factors identified as the key ones. This solution usually applies as an auxiliary...

This chapter discusses new approaches presented in the literature to creating sustainable shareholder value that requires companies and investors to adopt a systemic and long-term vision and to understand the financial significance of economic, social and governance (ESG) factors of threats and opportunities. The chapter is based on a literature re...

Increasing the share in the so-called energy mix of pure energy is a part of the EU investment plan regarding the European Green Deal. There is the growing importance of innovations in the field of renewable, clean and green technologies, and the prospect of a green economy raises the requirements of the market in respect of ecological solutions. E...

The chapter presents a review of the most important definitions concerning green energy, its kinds and sources. It also addresses the main development trends, paying particular attention to the impact on the natural environment and energy, and energy effectiveness. Another vital issue discussed here is the transition from an economy based on tradit...

The increase in energy demand requires urgent investments in sustainable energy. It is vital to the success of the 2030 Agenda, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly. The article aimed to assess the situation of the European Union countries with regard to energy use. Indicators related to the implementation of SDG7 and environmental and re...

The aim of the article was to build a model based on fuzzy logic describing the level of sustainable development for the individual EU Member States in 2009–2019 and to conduct fuzzy simulations as a result of which scenarios for the prediction of sustainable development acknowledging financial variables (the share of environmental taxes, a deficit...

Issues related to death are difficult areas of human existence and are most often considered in terms of ethical or non-ethical behaviour. The aim of the research was to examine the attitudes of Polish medical and nursing personnel towards death. The research was conducted among medical (110 people) and nursing staff (110 people) working in Polish...

The links between the real and financial spheres are well recognized in the literature. However, under the conditions of sustainability, both the perception of the real and financial spheres, as well as the relations between them, change. The aim of this article is to show that sustainable finance has an impact on building a sustainable economy, an...

The aim of the article is to analyze the level of the knowledge-based economy (KBE) in the European Union countries in terms of sustainable development. The added value of the work is the presentation of research results at different levels of data aggregation (EU countries, EU macro-regions, EU regions). This type of approach was used for the firs...

Green transformation has become one of the most important directions in the further development of the world. It involves the development of green technologies and the creation of legal regulations enforcing, for example, saving energy or reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases, as well as any other activities aimed at changing society’s attitud...

The aim of the article is to study ESG factors and the motives of including the ESG perspective by companies in their business models (BM). The 2-stage research procedure was used to analyse the problem: bibliographic research was carried out with the use of VOSviewer software. In the paper, 99 from 3000 publications were selected for in-depth anal...

Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) risk is becoming increasingly important in conditions of ongoing environmental and social change. This has specific implications for risk management in the public sector. Many publications have been devoted to ESG risk in the commercial sector, especially for enterprises, while there is a literature gap i...

Sustainable financial systems are gaining importance in light of the increasing impacts of ESG risk in the real and financial spheres. It is believed that sustainable financial systems effectively support the management of this risk on national, international and global scales, hence the, inter alia, UNEPFI recommendations. Work on building sustain...

We are presenting you with a study containing formulas and tables necessary for the application of quantitative methods in practice. The publication can be useful to students of various faculties of studies in such subjects as: descriptive statistics, mathematical statistics, econometrics, forecasting, representative method, demography, as well as...

The main purpose of the paper is to present a proposal to measure the relationships between Goal 7 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and one of the areas considered in the green growth concept: environmental production efficiency. Both of these areas illustrate the relationship between the natural environment and the economy, emphasizi...

The energy transformation towards renewable energy sources in the conditions of climate change and the accompanying climate risk is a priority for all countries in the world. However, the degree of advancement of activities in this area varies significantly between countries, which is the result of different activities for renewable energy sources...

Three-quarters of global greenhouse gas emissions come from burning fossil fuels for energy. To confront climate change, the world must move away from fossil fuels and decarbonise its energy systems. In the light of European Union documents, decarbonisation signifies the elimination of CO2 emissions on account of their harmfulness to the environmen...

The aim of the article is to show that in rural areas, with particular emphasis on former state-owned farms, which were created as a result of changes in the forms of land ownership, mainly in Central and Eastern European countries, the economic situation of households is still worse than in the areas where there were no State Agricultural Enterpri...

One of the key challenges for climate policies is the identification of strategies that will effectively support the implementation of environmental goals. Environmental policies are connected with other development policies carried out by governments. In order to comprehensively shape environmental policy, it is important to understand the interac...

The paper presents the results of classifying public administration employees in terms of level of occupational burnout, taking into account their place of residence, gender and age. One of the methods of multidimensional statistical analysis – classification trees – was used as a research tool. Two dependent variables are defined. The first has on...

This research provides a comprehensive review of corporate sustainability literature in various application areas. The chapter also highlights the gaps in clearly explaining the scope for it extending and incorporating the term of corporate sustainability into other research areas. The main advantage of this study is that it provides an insight int...

Autorki oddają do rąk Czytelnika zbiór zadań z przykładami. Zbiór jest przeznaczony zarówno dla studentów, jak i pracowników naukowych oraz praktyków. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest upowszechnienie metod statystycznych w wykrywaniu prawidłowości w zjawiskach społeczno-ekonomicznych. Problematyka poruszana w wielu zadaniach może stać się inspira...

The World Bank and International Monetary Fund reported that the achievement of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires an escalation of development finance. The report Scaling Finance for the Sustainable Development Goals highlighted the urgency of the efforts to realize SDGs in encouraging financial innovation to move quickly. Even i...

Research background: The efficiency of the functioning of District Employment Agencies is often assessed on the basis of the level of employment and cost-effectiveness indices. The values of these indices are influenced by various socio-economic factors, which were grouped into five areas in the paper: unemployment, demography, environment, entitie...

Abstract: Purpose: This paper sets out to explore the relationships between a sustainable energy market and a sustainable financial market and energy market. The specific research objectives were: to explore whether sustainable finance only correlates with a sustainable energy market, or perhaps this relationship also exists with the traditional en...

The main purpose of the paper is to assess the level of EU countries’ ability to compete in a sustainable manner and to compare these results with achievements in the area of sustainable competitive position. In the paper, the definition of the new economic category – sustainable competitiveness and its main components: sustainable competitive capa...

The literature on the subject indicates that green growth is a direct result of implementing a sustainable development strategy. According to this assumption, countries that include sustainable development goals in their strategic documents should also achieve results in the area of green growth or the green economy. The monitoring of green growth...

The main purpose of the study is to present a new approach to comparing EU regions according to their level of innovation. For many years, different organizations have published reports related to the innovation level of EU countries and regions. Usually, taxonomic methods are used to measure development in this area. The main disadvantage of this...

Research background: The study was conducted and based on the project The assessment of mental condition , financed by the Ministry of Health as part of the National Health Program for 2016–2020 (operational objective 3: Prevention of mental health problems and improvement of mental well-being of society ). The article focuses on a group of teacher...

Introduction. The attractiveness and quality of spending free time are becoming more and more important. Its crucial elements are recreation and culture which contribute to the development of interests and personality, an increase in physical activity, the discharge of nervous tension and the prevention of lifestyle diseases. The use of recreation...

Autorki oddają do rąk Czytelnika zbiór zadań ze statystyki matema-tycznej, który jest przeznaczony zarówno dla studentów, jak i pracowników naukowych oraz praktyków. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest wskazanie możliwości zastosowania wybranych metod z zakresu statystyki matema-tycznej w wykrywaniu prawidłowości w zjawiskach społeczno-ekonomicznych...

The role of ESG risk in both decisions of financial institutions and enterprises is systematically growing. The financial sector is particularly predisposed to the exposure of ESG risk, which is an increasingly important element taken into account in the credit risk management process. Therefore, sustainable financial decisions are those that take...

The main purpose of this chapter is to identify the existing relations between the selected areas of sustainable development but carried out on the basis of the indicators describing the macroeconomic dimension of this development from the OECD countries' perspective. The theoretical basis for analyses is the concept of shared value, for the first...

The aim of the study is to attempt to systematize the concept of economic value that takes into account elements of sustainable development. At the same time, it is the voice in the ongoing discussion on the purpose and methods of valuation of the company's value. The measure of strength of each enterprise is its value expressed in monetary units....

Finance and financial markets are the engine of sustainability. Financial institutions are one of the main channels influencing entrepreneurs. By determining the conditions of access to financial services, the financial market affects the decisions and attitudes of entrepreneurs, including their business models. The purpose of this article is to di...

Entrepreneurs perceive and build sustainable business models in different ways. The actual and declared entrepreneurs’ attitudes and actions towards sustainable business models differ. The aim of the study was to determine whether the declarations of enterprises referring sustainable business models are coherent with actions they have taken to buil...

The main purpose of the paper is an expert assessment of the relationship existing between selected indicators carried out using a relatively new tool in economic sciences: Fuzzy Cognitive Maps. The effect of its application is a graphical presentation of the relationship between the factors identified as the key ones. In the paper 23 indicators, d...

The main purpose of the paper is to present proposals for the study of relationships between the dimensions of sustainable development and other areas of the EU countries’ development: innovation and competitiveness both from theoretical and practical perspective. The first part presents the assumptions adopted by the authors, and the second the 2-...

The main purpose of this article is the presentation of the relationships of coopetition among the internal stakeholders of a cluster that could contribute to the development of tourism in its area of operation. This analysis is based on the case study of the Historical Tourism Cluster, which operates on the Polish-German border. This article is th...

For many years different scientists have published the results of research related to the usage of UDI (user-driven innovation) concept and its impact on innovation activity of enterprises. None of them, however, concerned the relationship between various determinants for developing the R&D (Research and Development) sphere. It is the reason why th...

Purpose: The aim of the article is to present and compare the results of actions taken for the education of students of economic faculties about social responsibility of business in Poland and Croatia. Design/Methodology/Approach: The following research methods will be used in the article: descriptive method and selected methods of descriptive stat...

Wydanie 2 ISBN: 9788381022750 EAN: 9788381022750 Liczba stron: 64

A literature review showed that finance is a driver of sustainability. However, to achieve sustainability through finance, it is necessary to rebuild and adapt the financial system to the specifics of sustainable development. Modern financial systems can be described as one-dimensional, focusing on ensuring the economic security of transactions. Me...

One of the most common errors in research on sustainable development is to analyse a set of features describing this development within one set of diagnostic features. Such an approach does not allow for examining the real changes taking place within each area of sustainable development. These changes may have a completely different direction in th...

In Poland, institutions that perform public tasks in the field of the labour market are state employment services, including District Labour Offices (PUPs). They try to restore the unemployed to the open labour market using active forms of their activation. The activities of PUPs in the field of customer activation are subject to annual evaluation....