Iván Tosics

• Managing Director at Metropolitan Research Institute

With housing crises on the rise throughout Europe, various EU bodies have recently started to deal with housing - a policy field which was excluded for long from EU competences. Most recently some discursive changes emerged, as the European Pillar of Social Rights and the housing element of the InvestEU proposal. In this paper we set out an overvie...

The proposed vision of territorial development and governance in the Western Balkans is the result of an interactive workshop held in May 2019 with the members of the Western Balkan Network on Territorial Governance (TG-WeB)1. As such, the vision reflects the opinion of the network, with individual perspectives being well-balanced towards a common...

This entry deals with the cities of Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries since the collapse of socialism around 1990. With reference to the three decades since then, the entry describes, first, the conditions (institutions, public policies, and market players) of postsocialist development. This is followed by a discussion of the main develo...

Annual Review for Territorial Governance in Albania is a periodical publication with select policy briefs on matters related to territorial governance, sketching the present situation, the Europeanisation process, the policy, and the research and development agenda for the near future. The publication will be in both languages, English and Albanian...

This position paper reflects input and feedback gathered from all Western Balkans Territorial Governance Network members. All Western Balkan countries share a common aspiration for a future with the European Union (EU). As a region, our territorial governance systems and practices face common imperfections that render the translation of EU policies...

Urban green infrastructure (GI) has been promoted as an approach to respond to major urban environmental and social challenges such as reducing the ecological footprint, improving human health and well-being, and adapting to climate change. Various definitions of GI have been proposed since its emergence more than two decades ago. This article aims...

This book brings together academics, members of European institutions, and regional and national level policymakers in order to assess the performance and direction of EU Cohesion policy against the background of the most significant reforms to the policy in a generation. Responding to past criticisms of the effectiveness of the policy, the policy...

This report presents the findings of the GREEN SURGE Work Package 5 research on good practices of green infrastructure (UGI) planning and implementation in European urban areas. Four research questions guided the study: -What are innovative strategies and approaches for UGI planning, especially in regard to challenges European cities are facing? -W...

Description: The contents of this report outline the results of an assessment of the current state of Urban Green Infrastructure (UGI) planning and implementation in European city-regions. GREEN SURGE Deliverable 5.1

Description: The contents of this report outline the results of the first phase of research into innovative forms of participatory governance in Europe as part of the EU FP7 project GREEN SURGE (ENV.2013.6.2-5-603567; 2013-2017)

For over 40 years, housing policy in Hungary ignored housing renewal. Older housing built originally for private rental was nationalised at the end of the 1940s. Only small-scale attempts were made in the socialist period to renovate older properties, and the stock became badly deteriorated through lack of maintenance and repair. The transition in...

Introduction For over 40 years, housing policy in Hungary ignored housing renewal. Socialist policy concentrated on new housing development and the existing stock was neglected until the late 1980s when the first renewal attempts took effect. The transition to capitalism was marked by the large-scale privatisation of housing, following which the re...

This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of recent processes of urban deconcentration in the Budapest region, along with an examination of the socioeconomic and political conditions that have enabled this phenomenon. It offers an exploration of the historical background of suburbanization in Budapest, followed by an analysis of the contempora...

An important driving force behind urban expansion is the growth of the urban population. But for Europe, this is not a sufficient explanation. The major trend is that European cities have become much less compact. Since the mid-1950s European cities have expanded on average by 78%, whereas the population has grown by only 33%. In the PLUREL project...

In the previous chapter the comparison of the PLUREL case study regions focused on a selection of the strategies adopted in each, including Hangzhou, to try to limit sprawl and to safeguard ecosystem services and quality of life as well as to secure a role for agriculture in the peri-urban. This chapter switches focus to examine the kinds of instru...

Socialism shaped development in Russia for more than 70 years, and in East-Central Europe for more than 40 years. This top-down, ideology-led political system gave almost all the power to the state (politically dominated by the party). In written documents socialism promised high-level public services with equitable allocation. This article first s...

Cities of Tomorrow - Japanese edition

䎻䗽п࠼ҁӂⲺ⅝⍨Ӱਙ൞คᐸ൦॰ቻօ⭕⍱Ⱦ൞คᐸѣθ਺〃䰤从уᯣਇ⭕θ ӰԢҕՐуᯣ൦ᢴࡦ⴮ᓊⲺ䀙ߩᯯṾȾคᐸᱥ〇ᢶȽᮽौૂࡑ᯦Ƚኋ⧦ѠӰф䳼 ։ࡑᝅⲺ⊹ൕθᆹ䘎㜳ཕ㕉䀙≊ُ਎ौሯ⧥ູⲺᖧଃȾ❬㙂θคᐸҕᱥཧѐȽ 䳊⿱਀䍡ദㅿ䈮ཐ䰤从䳼ѣਇ⭕Ⲻ൦ᯯȾ ᡇԢ䴶㾷ᴪླ൦Ҽ䀙⅝⍨਺ཝคᐸ঩ሼ൞ᵠᶛࠖᒪѣ䙽ࡦⲺ᥇ᡎȾ䘏ҕᱥᡇߩ ᇐਢ䳼ᮦ੃คᐸщᇬૂ⅝⍨คᐸԙ㺞䇞䇰คᐸᵠᶛਇኋⲺ৕ഖȾᵢᣛ઀ᱥཝᇬ ᙓ㘹ૂ䇞䇰Ⲻ㔉᷒Ⱦ ᆹᨆ䟈ཝᇬ⌞ᝅж㌱ࡍ䏁ࣵਥ㜳൞ᵠᶛᖘᡆⲺᖧଃδྸӰਙࠅቇф⽴Րњᶷ࠼ ौεԛ਀਺㊱คᐸⲺᕧ⛯Ⱦ↚ཌθᵢᣛ઀䘎䠃⛯ԁ㔃Ҽ਺〃ᵰՐԛ਀คᐸ൞ᇔ ⧦⅝ⴕⴤḽ䘑ぁѣᡶਇᥛⲺ䠃㾷֒⭞ – ⢯ࡡᱥ൞ᇔ᯳ć⅝⍨ 2020Ĉㆌ⮛Ⲻ䗽ぁ ѣᴪᱥྸ↚Ⱦᣛ઀ѣኋ⽰ҼཐѠ啉㡔ӰᗹⲺ㤹ׁૂ᝵Ქθੂᰬҕ䇷ᇔҼ൞คᐸ...

Orașele sunt esențiale pentru dezvoltarea durabilă a Uniunii Europene • Europa este unul dintre continentele cele mai urbanizate din lume. În prezent, mai mult de două treimi din populația Europei trăiește în zone urbane, iar această proporție continuă să crească. Dezvoltarea din orașele noastre va determina viitoarea dezvoltare economică, socială...

Nos gustaría agradecer a todos los colaboradores del proceso de reflexión Ciudades del Mañana, tanto su participación como asistentes o ponentes en los tres seminarios organizados en mayo, junio, octubre y diciembre de 2010, como sus contribuciones escritas en forma de documento de debate o de respuestas a nuestras consultas. Isabel André Universid...

Europa gehört weltweit zu den am meisten verstädterten Kontinenten. Inzwischen leben mehr als zwei Drittel der europäischen Bevölkerung in städtischen Gebieten, und ihr Anteil nimmt weiter zu. Die Entwicklung unserer Städte wird die künftige wirtschaftliche, soziale und territoriale Entwicklung der Europäischen Union bestimmen. ● Den Städten kom...

The peri-urban – the space around urban areas which merges into the rural landscape – is growing across Europe. The peri-urban is a zone of innovation, knowledge based and globalized enterprise. It is also the place which attracts new types of housing, transport infrastructure and multifunctional agriculture, with a diverse range of recreation site...

Cities are key to the sustainable development of the European Union ● Europe is one of the most urbanised continents in the world. Today, more than two thirds of the European population lives in urban areas and this share continues to grow. The development of our cities will determine the future economic, social and territorial development of the E...

Examines the post-war development of Hungarian housing policies, throwing new light on the determinants and impact of these policies. Begins with a re-interpretatin of the 'housing classes' concept, and details the external conditions of Budapest's housing market from 1945 to date. Three periods are examined in detail: the attempts to develop total...

Twenty years after the collapse of socialism it is justified to make a stock about the results of the new political and economic system. This paper deals only with a small—but important—aspect: the situation of the most deprived social groups and most segregated areas. How did the magnitude of these groups and areas change? Did their absolute and r...

Az európai fejlődés versenyképesebbé és fenntarthatóbbá tétele érdekében egyaránt alapvetően fontos a városok és a körülöttük lévő területek közötti valós együttműködés. A 21. századi új városrégiós együttműködési időszak különbözik a korábbiaktól, fixen körülhatárolt új közigazgatási szintek helyett ma inkább rugalmasabb együttműködési formák képz...

Focusing on the recently fashionable 'city-region' (metropolitan area) issue, this article explores the potential contribution of city-regions to the sustainability and competitiveness of urban areas. Two very different sources of information are taken into account: the URBACT-1 project METROGOV, which focuses on exploring administrative set-ups an...

Iván Tosics focuses on spatial restructuring in post-socialist Budapest. The conditions of spatial processes in the transition from central planning towards a market economy are determined by political, economic and institutional factors. During the socialist period, development in Budapest was dominated by the public sector as the owner of 2/3 of...

Introduction The previous chapter gave an account of the historical development of large housing estates, referring also to the problems of these estates in the process of their 'natural' development. This chapter features a separate discussion of the period of privatisation (starting in the early 1980s in Great Britain and continuing on a large sc...

This chapter evaluates the role of partnership in housing-regeneration initiatives, focusing on four housing estates in Spain and Italy. It examines the theoretical issues related to governance, paying special attention to the implementation of the governance concept in the urban arena, and describes the specific practices of urban governance in th...

Introduction The previous chapter gave an account of the historical development of large housing estates, referring also to the problems of these estates in the process of their ‘natural’ development. This chapter features a separate discussion of the period of privatisation (starting in the early 1980s in Great Britain and continuing on a large sc...

Large post-war housing estates provide some of the most striking examples of the mismanagement of knowledge in recent European urban development. The symptoms are manifold. Some apparently mediocre large estates have fared well on the housing markets or have achieved a turnaround after a problematic past, while other, previously highly acclaimed, m...

We really believed, in a quasi-religious sense, in the perfectibility of human nature, in the role of architecture as a weapon of social reform … the coming Utopia when everyone would live in cheap prefabricated flat-roofed multiple dwellings – heaven on earth (Philip Johnson, US architect, quoted in Coleman, 1985, p 3). … during the evening and ni...

This introductory chapter explains the coverage of this book, which is about post-Second World War restructuring of large housing estates in Europe. This book examines the factors and developments that are crucial for the development and present state and position of large housing estates in European cities, and discusses the ideas and philosophies...

During the last decade, in many European countries and cities, area-based Urban Development Programmes have been initiated, in response to major problems of poverty and social exclusion. Urban Development Programmes are usually developed in a complex interplay between different governmental levels, and implemented by a wide variety of public and no...

All over Europe post-Second World War large-scale housing estates face physical, economic, social and cultural problems. This book presents the key findings of a major EU-funded research programme into the restructuring of twenty-nine large-scale housing estates in Northern, Western, Southern and Eastern Europe. Policy and practice between and with...

In the new Millennium, sustainable urbandevelopment is becoming a fashionable topic,almost as popular as globalization or citycompetition. European countries differ widelyfrom each other on whether they have a nationalpolicy for urban development or not, and if so,on the emphasis of such a policy. Pan Europeanorganizations are reluctant to establis...

36 1 2179041 Fax + 36 1 2163001 Levélcím The paper concentrates on a very exciting and for sure the most visible aspect of the post-socialist city development: the spatial changes and their mutual links to urban planning and policy making. The turbulent last decade of the XXth century resulted in immense changes not only in the spatial structure of...

The transitional economies share common, serious problems in their public sector housing stocks, including poor condition and repair, and low rents which neither cover the maintenance and managementcosts, nor reflect the market exchange value of the houses. The paper begins by looking at the general background of rental policy and alternative appro...

This account of personal impressions of the 1996 Habitat II Conference on Human Settlements opens by noting that the most important lesson to be learned at the conference was that cost-effective measures used to ease poverty in the cities of developing countries can be applicable to problems in developed countries. Another important point was that...

The fall of socialism in 1989–1990 led to the end of the East European housing model, which was based on the limitation of property rights, extensive central planning and politically determined allocation of subsidies. This paper aims to present a clear picture of the current housing situation through a reliable information system. The major observ...

This book provides an important new contribution to the literature about Eastern Europe following the political changes of the early 1990s. Its focus is on housing, which before these changes was dominated in all Eastern European countries by state control and, to a lesser extent, state provision. Here, the contributors aim to describe and analyze...

Poor maintenance, low rents, and high levels of occupants’ dissatisfaction with their housing have been hallmarks of state‐rental housing in Hungary and other countries in Eastern Europe. The introduction of private management has been touted as an efficient way to improve services and increase tenant satisfaction, thereby paving the way for higher...

Inner‐city areas of Budapest have been almost exclusively dominated by public (state‐owned) rental housing since 1952 when massive nationalisation turned private rentals into state rentals. The last four decades have shown a slow but gradual deterioration of this housing stock (except for the CBD area) due to the problems of rent policy, bureaucrat...

Without Abstract

Our analysis within the framework of the Housing Indicators Program clarified two special but very important uses of housing indicators in PCPEs. First housing indicators constitute new tools for local governments. The indicators can be applied to build up local housing policy parallel with the increase in local-level decisionmaking power. Second,...

This collection of studies, both Eastern and Western in perspective, outlines the most recent housing reforms in the former Eastern Bloc and relates them to the political and economic transformation of these countries.

This paper is concerned with housing mobility within the socialist housing system in Hungary. The statementsof the filtering theory have to be reformulated in the context of East European countries. On the basis of our empirical findings-acquired from three vacancychain surveys-it seems justified to reject the two main hypotheses concerning the rol...

The switch of state subsidies away from support for public housing investment and towards an intensification of market processes is no longer the prerogative of Western countries, but, in the 1980s, has also become a feature of some state socialist societies. However, given the contrasting social, political and economic character of these societies...

Al1 over Europe huge numbers of people live in large housing estates built after the Second World War. The philosophy according to which these estates were built was socially progressive and common to the different European countries involved. The origin of the estates can be traced back to the poor housing situation of the majority of the working...

Probably the biggest problem of the Kok report is that it fails to recognize the decisive role of the metropolitan cities and their regions in the fulfilment of the Lisbon Agenda. Plenty of empirical evidence suggests that the nation states, the regions and the local governments have different tasks in fostering economic development and that the me...