
Ivan MilenkovićMendel University in Brno · Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management
Ivan Milenković
PhD Forest Pathology
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Introduction
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December 2019 - present
Publications
Publications (92)
Ash dieback is a major issue affecting European ash populations, including narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl). An important factor contributing to the decline of narrow-leaved ash is the fungal disease caused by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. However, the mortality of trees also depends on stand structure that may influence the disease dynami...
A new ophiostomatoid fungus involved in the decline of walnuts was discovered in Czechia. The fungus was isolated
from necrotic wood surrounding the larval galleries of Dryocoetes himalayensis, the alien bark beetle attacking walnut
trees. This insect species is rather unique within hardwood-associated bark beetle species for its aggressiveness and...
Composition of Calocedrus decurrens and Cupressus arizonica essential oils (CDEO and CAEO, respectively), their antifeedant activity on spongy moth (Lymantria dispar) larvae, as well as their antimicrobial activity on three Phytophthora species were investigated. In leaves of these two conifers from the Cupressaceae family, monoterpenes strongly do...
A new formulation that gradually released encapsulated Thuja plicata essential oil (TPEO) as an active component from a biopolymer matrix within a given period was obtained. Antimicrobial activity was determined in in-vitro tests where pure TPEO successfully inhibited the development of different Phytophthora species. The TPEO essential oil was enc...
When monitoring the health status of various woody host plants in urban areas
in Serbia, symptoms indicative of Cryphonectria-like infection were recorded on
European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) trees in the natural monument ‘Arboretum of
the Faculty of Forestry in Belgrade’. One tree was affected by crown dieback while
another one showed dieback o...
Phytophthora diversity was examined in eight forest and ornamental nurseries in the Czech Republic. A leaf baiting isolation technique and, in two nurseries, also Illumina DNA metabarcoding were used to reveal the diversity of Phytophthora in soil and irrigation water and compare the efficacy of both approaches. In total, baiting revealed the occur...
Introduction: Mortality of the riparian alder population caused by Phytophthora pathogens has been studied for over 20 years throughout Europe, recently gaining more importance in the context of evident climate change. The main objective of this study was to examine the pathogenicity of species from the “Phytophthora alni complex” present in the Cz...
The article and supplementary files are open access and can be downloaded from:
https://bsppjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/mpp.13450
Phytophthora pseudosyringae is a self-fertile pathogen of woody plants, particularly associated with tree species from the genera Fagus, Notholithocarpus, Nothofagus and Quercus, which is found across E...
During 25 surveys of global Phytophthora diversity, conducted between 1998 and 2020, 43 new species were detected in natural ecosystems and,
occasionally, in nurseries and outplantings in Europe, Southeast and East Asia and the Americas. Based on a multigene phylogeny of nine nuclear and four
mitochondrial gene regions they were assigned to five of...
Climate shapes the distribution of plant-associated microbes such as mycorrhizal and endophytic fungi. However, the role of climate in plant pathogen community assembly is less understood. Here, we explored the role of climate in the assembly of Phytophthora communities at >250 sites along a latitudinal gradient from Spain to northern Sweden and an...
Inonotus hispidus develops as a parasite on living trees and causes white, central rot. Infections occur through injuries on branches or stems. Its ability to cause cankers differentiates it from fungi that only cause heart rot. In Serbia, it is quite frequent on Persian walnut (Juglans regia), black walnut (Juglans nigra), plane tree (Platanus ace...
With the significant loss of biodiversity in the 20th and 21st century, pollution of air, soil, and water, alternatives to chemical pesticides are needed to preserve nature. One of the alternatives is the usage of plant components as pest insect control. They are an appropriate alternative to chemical pesticides as they are cost-effective, easy, an...
Insecticides derived from plants have been used as pest control for centuries. Many of them, such as Neem, a product derived from Azadirachta indica A.Juss. are used up to date, with different efficiency against different pest species. The most significant factors affecting the behavior of an insect exposed to Neem is the concentration of the activ...
Beneficial effects of silicon (Si) on plants have primarily been studied in crop species under single stress. Moreover, nutrient acquisition-based responses to combination of biotic and abiotic stresses (a common situation in natural habitats) have rarely been reported, in particular in conjunction with soil amendments with Si. Pedunculate oak (Que...
Waterways are ideal pathways for Phytophthora dispersal and potential introduction to terrestrial ecosystems. While many Phytophthora species from phylogenetic clades 6, 9 and 10 are predominant oomycetes in watercourses due to their adaptation to a lifestyle as saprotrophs and opportunistic pathogens of riparian plants, species from clades 2, 7 an...
During a survey of Phytophthora diversity in Panama, fast-growing oomycete isolates were obtained from naturally fallen leaves of an unidentified tree species in a tropical cloud forest. Phylogenetic analyses of sequences from the nuclear ITS, LSU and ßtub loci and the mitochondrial cox1 and cox2 genes revealed that they belong to a new species of...
The team of Phytophthora Research Centre is aiming to participate in consortia involved on project applications on the framework of Horizon Europe (Cluster 6) - Food, Bioeconomy, Natural Resources, Agriculture and Environment).
Within the Daedaleopsis genus six species has been described, however, some sources are indicating that there are 10(11) species. Two species are occurring in Europe, including D. confragosa (with its variety tricolor) and D. septentrionalis. Daedaleopsis confragosa causes white rot of broadleaved hosts and most often appears as saprotroph, less of...
Since 2013, symptoms indicative of I. nidus-pici infections were recorded in various stands in the central part of Serbia and several tree species from Fagaceae family were affected. After the detailed sampling, isolation and identification of the fungus using both classical and molecular methods, the current distribution and host range were determ...
Poplars are among the fastest-growing trees and significant resources in agriculture and forestry. However, rapid growth requires a large water consumption, and irrigation water provides a natural means for pathogen spread. That includes members of Phytophthora spp. that have proven to be a global enemy to forests. With the known adaptability to ne...
During extensive surveys of global Phytophthora diversity 14 new species detected in natural ecosystems in Chile, Indonesia, USA (Louisiana), Sweden, Ukraine and Vietnam were assigned to Phytophthora major Clade 10 based on a multigene phylogeny of nine nuclear and three mitochondrial gene regions. Clade 10 now comprises three subclades. Subclades...
This paper is the fourth contribution in the Genera of Phytopathogenic Fungi (GOPHY) series. The series provides morphological descriptions and information about the pathology, distribution, hosts and disease symptoms, as well as DNA barcodes for the taxa covered. Moreover, 12 whole-genome sequences for the type or new species in the treated genera...
While monitoring the health of different ornamental and shade trees in Serbia, symptoms indicative of cypress canker disease were observed in young Cupressus sempervirens trees in the Belgrade urban area. Symptoms included tree mortality (specimens were recorded with a change in needle colour, branch decline or longitudinal bark cankers on the stem...
We examined essential oils (EOs) of Chamaecyparis lawsoniana and Thuja plicata (Cupressaceae), their antifeedant activity on Lymanthria dispar larvae and their antimicrobial activity. Studies of EOs showed that these two conifer species differed both in content of terpene classes and the major compounds. Total monoterpenes strongly dominated in T....
Phytophthora infections are followed by histological alterations, physiological andmetabolomic adjustments in the host but very few studies contemplate these changes simultaneously. Fagus sylvatica seedlings were inoculated with A1 and A2 mating types of the heterothallic P. xcambivora and with the homothallic P. plurivora to identify plant physiol...
Previous phytopathological studies of the fungal pathogen Nectria cinnabarina have been focused on its distribution and host diversity but little is known about the spread of this pathogen and the defence responses of forest trees to an infection inside host tissues. Histopathological alterations of bark, periderm, phloem and woody tissues were inv...
It is a well-known fact that a large number of parasitic and saprophytic fungi grow on sweet chestnut trees. However, the greatest damage is caused by C . parasitica which causes "sweet chestnut blight" and leads to its dieback. Hosts other than Castanea species include the following families: Aceraceae, Betulaceae, Fagaceae, Anacardiaceae, Jugland...
Bark cankers accompanied by symptoms of decline and dieback are the result of a destructive disease caused by Phytophtora infections in woody plants. Pathogenicity, gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and volatile responses to P. cactorum and P. plurivora inoculations were studied in field-grown 10-year-old hybrid poplar plants. The most stre...
Food webs on forest trees include plant pathogens, arthropods, and their natural enemies. To increase the understanding of the impact of a plant pathogen on herbivore-natural enemy interactions, we studied the powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe alphitoides, the phytophagous mite Schizotetranychus garmani, and the predatory and mycophagous mite Euseius...
For the long‐term goal of improving planting success and reforestation of floodplain forests, an underbark inoculation test was performed using one‐year‐old seedlings from ten different half‐sib lines of narrow‐leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia) to examine the variability of host susceptibility to the ash dieback pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. S...
This study aimed to examine the diversity of leaf-inhabiting mites in oak trees of deciduous forests (natu-ral and plantations) and urban areas (parks, forest parks, roadside greeneries and gardens) in Serbia. The survey was carried out in April-October between 2010 and 2018. The results refer to seven oak species, six of them native to Europe and...
Slow growing oomycete isolates with morphological resemblance to Phytophthora were obtained from forest streams during routine monitoring for the EU quarantine forest pathogen Phytophthora ramorum in Ireland and Northern Ireland. Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequence analysis indicated that they belonged to two previously unknown species of No...
Acacia crassicarpa is a legume tree of rapid growth and high pulp yield and fibre quality, making this species the basis of large commercial plantations for pulpwood production in Southeast Asian countries. Since a disease has caused significant economic losses in a nursery in the province of Riau, Sumatra, Indonesia, this study aimed to identify t...
As global plant trade expands, tree disease epidemics caused by pathogen introductions are increasing. Since ca 2000, the introduced oomycete Phytophthora ramorum has caused devastating epidemics in Europe and North America, spreading as four ancient clonal lineages, each of a single mating type, suggesting different geographical origins. We survey...
When monitoring the state of health of Fraxinus excelsior trees, unusual symptoms were discovered within a F. excelsior plantation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. These symptoms included the appearance of necrosis and cankers in the basal parts of the trees, followed by the formation of fruiting bodies, however, none of these symptoms were found in the...
Phytophthora cinnamomi is one of the most invasive tree pathogens that devastates wild and cultivated forests. Due to its wide host range, knowledge of the infection process at the molecular level is lacking for most of its tree hosts. To expand the repertoire of studied Phytophthora-woody plant interactions and identify molecular mechanisms that c...
Interactions between plants, insects and pathogens are complex and not sufficiently understood in the context of climate change. In this study, the impact of a root pathogen on a leaf-eating insect hosted by a tree species at elevated CO2 concentration is reported for the first time. The combined and isolated effects of CO2 and infection by the roo...
During the monitoring of oak decline phenomenon in Slovakia, symptoms indicative of Phytophthora diseases were observed in sessile oak stands in western Slovakia. The study aimed to test the presence and diversity of Phytophthora species associated with declining oak stands. From rhizosphere soil samples, Phytophthora plurivora, P. quercina and Pyt...
Fusarium circinatum, the causal agent of pine pitch canker (PPC), is currently one of the most important threats of Pinus spp. globally. This pathogen is known in many pine-growing regions, including natural and planted forests, and can affect all life stages of trees, from emerging seedlings to mature trees. Despite the importance of PPC, the glob...
In 2016 and 2017, surveys of Phytophthora diversity were performed in 25 natural and semi-natural forest stands and 16 rivers in temperate and subtropical montane and tropical lowland regions of Vietnam. Using baiting assays from soil samples and rivers and direct isolations from naturally fallen leaves, 13 described species, five informally design...
Austrian pine is one of the species most often used for afforestation in our conditions. In the area of Avala, afforestation with Austrian and Scots pine began in 1899. The stands of Austrian pine located on the northern and northwestern foothills of the Avala Landscape of Outstanding Features are 115 years old, while the stands on the southern and...
The research deals with the health condition of tree and shrub species of the natural resource known as Topčider Park assessed on the basis of the conducted visual assessment and determination of the degree of defoliation and discolouration. During the growing season 2018-2019, the health condition of plant species belonging to 50 different genera...
Expected climate changes, especially elevated CO2 content can significantly disrupt the host-pathogen-herbivore relationship. Previous studies analyzed the influence of increased CO2 content in relations between herbivores and their host plants, according to scenarios, which predict concentrations between 550 and 750 ppm in the future. This paper p...
A large number of organisms like pathogens and herbivores are related to different tree species. They could be often found together on the same plant host. The elevated CO2 levels can also influence the changes in plant metabolism, which can influence the plant-herbivore relations caused by the pathogens. This paper presents the results of influenc...
In addition to Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, two fungi identified as Diaporthe eres aff. and Fusarium sambucinum aff. were also isolated from necrotic bark lesions on declining one‐year‐old Fraxinus excelsior in a forest stand in Montenegro. To examine their involvement in ash decline, a pathogenicity test was performed using under bark inoculations on...
The presence of Cryphonectria parasitica (Murrill) M.E. Barr was studied in six natural and planted stands of sweet chestnut in Serbia. The fungus was detected on the sweet chestnut in five localities and on the sessile oak in one locality. In total, 77 isolates from the sweet chestnut and five isolates from the sessile oak were obtained. Based on...
The poster presents qDNA analysis of five Phytophthora sp. found in environmental samples in Poland.
During a survey in three declining and three healthy poplar plantations in Serbia, six different Phytophthora species were obtained. Phytophthora plurivora was the most common, followed by P. pini, P. polonica, P. lacustris, P. cactorum, and P. gonapodyides. Pathogenicity of all isolated species to four-month and one-year-old cuttings of Populus hy...
During the monitoring of the health status of nurseries and plantations in Serbia, a decline in a 5‐year‐old Paulownia tomentosa plantation was recorded. Trees displayed symptoms of dieback, massive breaking at different positions, the appearance of decay and fungal fruitbodies at the stems. Using standard isolation methods, white colonies with cot...
The paper reviews information on ash dieback, a serious disease of common ash
and its causing agent ash dieback fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. This paper
covers biology and genetics of the causing agent. Main emphasis is given to
the genetic predisposition of the tolerance to the disease. Strong genetic
control of the infection-tolerance opens the...
This paper provides the assessment of the zones of risk for the users of Topčider Forest Park. The assessment was done according to the health condition of woody plant species as determined in 2017, the position of roads, footpaths and parking lots, the age of trees etc. In order to establish the priorities in terms of monitoring and rehabilitation...
Cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) is a native plant species in Serbian forests, but is also widely used for ornamental plantings. Following two extremely wet summers in 2014 and 2015, in spring and summer of 2016 and 2017, numerous cherry laurel plants with symptoms indicative for Phytophthora diseases, like wilting and chlorosis of leaves, dieba...
The following paper presents the results on the determination of the
diversity of species from the Phytophthora genus occurring in the declining
oak stands in Krotoszyn Plateau in Poland. From the 50s of the last century,
significant deterioration of oak health was observed in these stands, and
Phytophthora species were suggested as one of the fact...
During the studies of ash dieback phenomenon in Wolica Nature reserve in Poland, Hymenoscyphus fraxineus was constantly isolated from the symptomatic ash tissues. In addition, trees showed the symptoms that could be indicative for the Phytophthora infections, such as increased crown transparency, decay and loss of fine roots, and necrosis and wound...
The ash stand in Wolica reserve (Poland), affected with ash dieback, was studied. Isolations performed from collected ash tissues and rhizosphere soil samples revealed 28 isolates of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus and 27 isolates of Phytophthora spp., respectively. The vitality and defoliation of 198 and 176 trees were studied, respectively in 2012 and 20...
During the monitoring of the mycological complex on different forest tree species in the Biogradska Gora National Park in north-east Montenegro, symptoms indicative of ash dieback caused by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus were observed on young Fraxinus excelsior trees in the protected virgin forest, including dieback of plants and branches, wilting of lea...
The investigation of parasitic and saprophytic mycoflora of Persian walnut (Juglans
regia L.) revealed the presence of 35 species of fungi. There were 5 species on the leaves, 11 species on the bark and 19 species of decay fungi were found on the wood. Among these species, Gnomonia leptostyla (Fr.) Ces. & de Not is the most significant one on the l...
To investigate susceptibility of young Scots pine seedlings to four Phytophthora species: Phytophthora cactorum, Phytophthora cambivora, Phytophthora plurivora and Phytophthora pini; seven-day-old seedlings of Scots pine (15 seedlings per experiment) were infected using agar plugs of the respective species. Control group also consisted of 15 seedli...
The epidemic dieback of conifer forest, as the modern phenomenon, is present in the central part of the Republic of Serbia as well as in other countries of Southeastern Europe. Affected forest area increased in the period 2011-2014. It was most intense in forest stands dominated by spruce and silver fir, and about eight-fold less intense in Austria...
This paper presents the results of the conducted research of the