Ivan Berlin

Hôpital La Pitié Salpêtrière (Groupe Hospitalier "La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix")

(Abstracted from BMJ 2021;375:e065217) Smoking cessation during pregnancy is important to reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. According to the US Preventive Services Task Force, the benefits of behavioral interventions to stop smoking are substantial.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of financial incentives dependent on continuous smoking abstinence on smoking cessation and birth outcomes among pregnant smokers. Design Single blind, randomised controlled trial. Setting Financial Incentive for Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy (FISCP) trial in 18 maternity wards in France. Participants 460 preg...

Smoking increases the risk of negative pregnancy and perinatal outcomes and may have negative effects on a child’s short and long-term health [...]

Tobacco smoking in pregnancy is a worldwide public health problem. A majority of pregnant smokers need assistance to stop smoking. Most scientific societies recommend nicotine re- placement therapy (NRT) during pregnancy but this recommendation remains controversial because of the known fetal toxicity of nicotine. The objective of this systematic r...

Background In many countries, lockdown measures were implemented to curb the COVID-19 pandemic. This situation may have an impact on mental health, tobacco smoking, and alcohol consumption. The aim of this research report is therefore to describe changes in tobacco and alcohol consumption in the general French population during the first two weeks...

Introduction Strong evidence shows that smoking cessation decreases mortality. Much less is known regarding the association between reduction in cigarettes per day (CPD) and mortality. The primary aim of this systematic review is to compare the mortality risk between smokers achieving a sustained reduction of CPD and smokers maintaining their smoki...

During the pandemic, the world’s media have publicized preliminary findings suggesting that tobacco use is protective against COVID-19. An ad hoc multidisciplinary group was created to address the major public health implications of this messaging. Key messages of this commentary are as follows: 1) The COVID-19 crisis may increase tobacco consumpti...

Objectives To provide up-to-date evidence-based guidelines for the management of smoking cessation during pregnancy and the post-partum period. Study Design A systematic review of the international literature was undertaken between January 2003 and April 2019. MEDLINE, EMBASE databases and the Cochrane library were searched for a range of predefin...

An elevated risk of suicide among individuals with cardiovascular diseases has previously been reported, although inconsistently. Petersen et al. (1) recently confirmed the association between heart diseases and suicide. Among the strengths of the Petersen et al. study [1] is the cohort's considerable size and complete population coverage countrywi...

Résumé Objectifs: Evaluer les connaissances sur le tabagisme en cours de grossesse et élaborer les recommandations de prise en charge, en utilisant la littérature fondée sur les niveaux de preuve. Méthodes: Revue systématique de la littérature internationale. Nous avons identifié des articles publiés entre janvier 2003 et avril 2019 dans les bases...

Résumé Le tabagisme maternel pendant la grossesse (TMPG) est un facteur de risque évitable de troubles de santé pré- et péri-nataux. Des données récentes indiquent que le TMPG peut aussi avoir un retentissement négatif sur la santé de l’enfant, chez l’adolescent et même chez l’adulte. De grandes études de cohortes des 10 dernières années mettent en...

To the Editor Pettersson et al¹ report that reduced fetal growth measured as birth weight was associated with increased risk of mental disorders in offspring. The authors adjusted for gestational age, sex, date of birth, and birth order but not for maternal smoking during the pregnancies. Within-sibling pair comparison allowed to control for time-i...

A substantial amount of research has been conducted on financial incentives to increase abstinence from smoking among pregnant smokers. If demonstrated to be effective, financial incentives could be proposed as part of health care interventions to help pregnant smokers quit. Public acceptability is important; as such interventions could be publicly...

Maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) is a well-established risk factor for negative pregnancy outcomes, but its negative effects on the health of the child after birth are less well known by both health professionals and the general public. Large cohort studies over the past 10 years have shown that MSDP is an independent risk factor for severa...

Introduction: The internet offers an interesting alternative to face-to-face and telephone-based support for smoking cessation. This study was designed to assess the effectiveness of a personalized and automated internet-based program. Methods: French current adult smokers willing to quit within 2 weeks were recruited for a randomized controlled...

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess whether pregnant smokers have the same nicotine intake from cigarettes as a general population of smokers and whether the known lower daily cigarette consumption among pregnant smokers is associated with higher nicotine intake among pregnant smokers. Method: The study was a cross-sectional compa...

Objectives: Despite awareness of negative health outcomes associated with smoking, pregnant smokers might reduce their tobacco consumption thinking that a low smoking rate reduces smoking-related negative birth outcomes. We aimed to assess in a clinical sample whether there is a smoking rate that would not impact on birth weight (BW). Methods: P...

Introduction: Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with adverse perinatal and postnatal health outcomes. The efficacy of nicotine replacement therapies in helping pregnant smokers to quit is not clearly demonstrated; therefore new interventions should be proposed and assessed. Financial incentives rewarding abstinence from tobacco smoki...

In their recent analysis of the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS), the NHS 2, and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS), Ding et al1 reported that coffee consumption, either caffeinated or decaffeinated, was nonlinearly associated with mortality. Compared with no consumption, coffee consumption of 1 to 5 cups/d was associated with a lower risk o...

Valid and reliable brief measures of cigarette dependence are essential for research purposes and effective clinical care. Two widely-used brief measures of cigarette dependence are the 6-item Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence (FTCD) and 5-item Cigarette Dependence Scale (CDS-5). Their respective metric characteristics among pregnant smokers...

Although pregnant smokers are aware of the negative peri- and postnatal health consequences of smoking, the cessation rate in pregnancy is low, raising the question of why pregnant smokers have difficulty quitting. Reasons might be that pregnant smokers experience more intense craving and withdrawal symptoms than non-pregnant smokers. We compared c...

Objective: Fetal exposure to tobacco constituents is a risk factor for negative birth outcomes. We aimed to determine the relationships between nicotine and cotinine concentrations in amniotic fluid and maternal saliva. Methods: As part of a therapeutic trial, 42 pregnant smokers agreed to sample amniotic fluid (8 samples from amniocentesis, 34...

A meta-analysis by Wu and colleagues1 reported an inverse association between serum lipid levels and suicidality. The authors compared total serum cholesterol (TC), high- (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations between individuals with psychiatric disorders (depression, schizophrenia, personality...

France is one of the developed countries where the prevalence of tobacco use is the highest. The reduction of incidence and prevalence of tobacco use in the near future would considerably decrease tobacco associated mortality and morbidity. The electronic cigarette, a consumer product that delivers pharmacologically active substances, is used by se...

Background Electronic cigarettes (e-cig.) became widely used among adults. Data are insufficient about e-cig. experimentation among youth. Methods To assess prevalence of e-cig. experimentation and associated factors among the 12 to 19 years old we analyse a cross sectional school based survey in the city of Paris, France in 2013 on a randomly sel...

La Société Française de Tabacologie sous la présidence du Docteur Nathalie Wirth (Nancy) a rassemblé à Toulouse les professionnels impliques en tabacologie lors de son congrés National. Le thème de ce congrés était " Tabac et qualité de vie ". Plus de 400 professionnels de santé Francophones ont débatu des différents aspects de l'addiction au tabac...

Valid and reliable brief measures of tobacco craving are necessary for research and clinical purposes. However, comparisons of the utility of single-item and brief multidimensional craving measures are scarce. We analyzed two tobacco craving measures, the French versions of the 12-item Tobacco Craving Questionnaire (FTCQ-12) and the single craving...

Craving is the main factor of smoking relapse. Smoking withdrawal treatments are inefficient on this one. Neurophysiological studies have provided evidence in the understanding of craving. It involves surface structures including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the DLPFC reduces smoking...

Smoking during pregnancy is the leading preventable cause of perinatal morbidity. Half of smokers are weaned during pregnancy resulting in 15% of female smokers at time of delivery. Most often, women spontaneously withdraw at the announcement of pregnancy. Thus, the action of professionals has a modest effect. But this effect is real and should enc...

A preponderance of relevant research has indicated reduction in anxiety and depressive symptoms following smoking abstinence. This secondary analysis investigated whether the phenomenon extends to smokers with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The study setting was an 11-Week double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial of osmoti...

Breastfeeding may be impaired due to nicotine excreted into the milk of smoking mothers. We investigated the relationships between nicotine and cotinine concentrations in maternal milk and saliva among breastfeeding smokers METHODS: The 41 mothers reported their cigarette consumption between waking up and milk and saliva sampling. The median sampli...

Background: Suicide has been associated with smoking/tobacco use but its association of and change in smoking/tobacco use status with suicide attempt (SA) is not well established. Methods: We investigated whether persistent, former tobacco use, initiation, quitting tobacco use, relapse to tobacco use, and DSM-IV nicotine dependence predict indep...

Smoking is the first avoidable cause of morbidity and mortality. It is estimated that there were around 14 million smokers in France in 2012 and that smoking results in 70,000 deaths per year. All types of interventions reducing with efficacy the incidence and prevalence of smoking are to consider in prolonging life expectancy. Electronic cigarette...

Taste impairment may be associated with tobacco smoking. We assessed taste recognition and intensity among healthy middle-aged current smokers (N = 94, 21 %), former smokers (N = 48, 11 %) and non-smokers (N = 309, 69 %) recruited on a voluntary basis among hospital staff. By means of a whole-mouth gustatory test, participants tasted one concentrat...

To determine the efficacy of 16 hour nicotine patches among pregnant smokers, with the dose individually adjusted according to saliva cotinine levels (potential range 10-30 mg/day). Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, parallel group, multicentre trial (Study of Nicotine Patch in Pregnancy, SNIPP) between October 2007 and January 2013. 23...

Smoking and obesity are within the top five leading risk factors for global deaths (Figure 30.1). Smoking is the main avoidable cause of death; tobacco-attributable deaths are expected to continue to increase in the future, especially in low- and middle-income countries. In 2030, tobacco-attributable deaths will be as high as 8.3 million according...

Mechanisms of self-destruction are difficult to reconcile with evolution's first rule of thumb: survive and reproduce. However, evolutionary success ultimately depends on inclusive fitness. The altruistic suicide hypothesis posits that the presence of low reproductive potential and burdensomeness toward kin can increase the inclusive fitness payoff...

Background: Research suggests that craving is a predictor of smoking relapse. Craving can be assessed by multiple item or multifactorial scales or by single items. However, no systematic comparisons of their prognostic validity or accuracy have been published. Methods: The French versions of the 12-item Tobacco Craving Questionnaire (FTCQ-12) an...

Strategies for assisting smoking cessation include behavioural counselling to enhance motivation and to support attempts to quit and pharmacological intervention to reduce nicotine reinforcement and withdrawal from nicotine. Three drugs are currently used as first-line pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion,...

• Craving is a powerful predictor of relapse at proximal follow-up assessments, but data are scarce concerning its predictive value for distal follow-ups. • The prognostic utility of tobacco craving may vary across time and different populations of smokers • Whether craving is a clinically credible, consistent, and accurate predictor of smoking rel...

OBJECTIVE Elevated plasma triglycerides (TGs) have been included in diabetes risk prediction models. This study examined whether elevated TGs predict risk for impaired fasting glucose (IFG).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This study used the baseline and longitudinal follow-up data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). The analysis inc...

Current smoking is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance but its association with the metabolic syndrome (metS), particularly with sufficiently sampled African American representation, has not been clearly established. To assess whether a) metS is associated with smoking; b) any increased risk of metS among smokers...

Johnson and Shoeni examined the relation between low birth weight (LBW) and childhood family socioeconomic disadvantage and disease onset in adulthood.(1) They report that LBW independently predicted asthma, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases by age 50 years. Disease prevalence was influenced also by childhood socioeconomic (SES) s...

To investigate whether: (1) smoking predicts suicide-related outcomes (SROs), (2) prior SRO predicts smoking, (3) smoking abstinence affects the risk of SRO and (4) psychiatric comorbidity modifies the relationship between smoking and SRO. Retrospective analysis of longitudinal data obtained in wave 1 (2001-2002) and wave 2 (2004-2005) of the Natio...

Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) activity is reduced in smokers. A MAO-B inhibitor alone or co-administered with nicotine may mimic the effects of smoking and be a candidate drug for smoking cessation. This study aims to determine the efficacy and safety of EVT302, a selective reversible MAO-B inhibitor, alone and on top of nicotine patch (NP) in smokin...

Tobacco withdrawal symptoms may be confounded with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms among smokers with ADHD. (1) To assess overlap between ADHD symptoms and tobacco/nicotine withdrawal symptoms and craving; (2) to assess the relationship between craving or withdrawal symptoms and the effect of osmotic-release oral system met...

Smoking is a major risk factor of morbidity and mortality. It is well established that monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity is decreased in smokers. Serotonin (5-HT), a major substrate for MAO that circulates as a reserve pool stored in platelets, is a marker of platelet activation. We recently reported that smoking durably modifies the platelet 5-HT/M...

Smoking, obesity and diabetes are among the leading cause of premature death worldwide. Smokers have globally a lower body weight compared with non smokers but they tend to accumulate more fat in the abdomen. Most smokers gain weight when they quit smoking, however this does not seem to diminish the health benefits associated with smoking cessation...

To investigate the association between suicide-related outcomes (SROs: wish to die, suicidal thoughts, and attempted suicide) and duration of smoking abstinence. The National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions Wave 1 is a face-to-face survey of a representative sample of the U.S. adult population (N = 43,093). Analyses were done...

The efficacy of acupuncture in smoking cessation, and its effect on the urge to smoke are unclear. We evaluated the effect of a standardized protocol of transcutaneous electric acupoint stimulations (TEAS) on alleviating the urge to smoke. Ninety-eight smokers were recruited in two double-blind studies. Participants abstained from smoking for 26 h,...

Little is known about the effect of disulfiram on subjective and autonomic nervous system cue reactivity in the laboratory. The dissuasive psychological effect manifested as a threat would seem to prevail over the pharmacological effect. The primary objective was to determine whether there was a difference in cue reactivity responses during a threa...

The effect of successful and unsuccessful smoking cessation on depressive mood, anxiety- and suicide-related outcomes is unclear. The aim of this secondary analysis was to explore the relationship between abstinence status and these outcomes. Cohort of adult smokers attempting to stop smoking. Smoking status was assessed by a daily diary; depressed...

To assess the efficacy of nicotine replacement therapies (NRT) when the daily dose was adapted according to saliva cotinine concentrations. Randomized, multi-centre, single-blind, controlled trial. Twenty-one smoking cessation clinics in France. A total of 310 smokers with medical comorbidities, motivated to quit, smoking ≥ 10 cigarettes/day, for w...

To explore racial/ethnic difference in OROS-methylphenidate (OMPH) efficacy when added to nicotine patch and counseling for treating nicotine dependence among smokers with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Participants were adult smokers with ADHD (202 whites and 51 non-whites) randomly assigned to OMPH or placebo in a multi-site, ra...

The French version of the Tobacco Craving Questionnaire (FTCQ) is a valid and reliable 47-item self-report instrument that assesses tobacco craving in four factors: emotionality, expectancy, compulsivity, and purposefulness. For use in research and clinical settings, we constructed a 12-item version of the FTCQ (FTCQ-12). The FTCQ-12 was administer...

In utero exposure to constituents of tobacco smoke has perinatal and postnatal health consequences. Umbilical cord plasma cotinine levels have been shown to correlate with self-reported daily number of cigarettes at the end of pregnancy, but the exact relationship between maternal and newborn plasma cotinine (and nicotine) is unknown. Concentration...

Abstract— Beraprost sodium (BPS), an orally active PGI2 (prostaglandine I2) analogue possesses vasodilatating and platelet aggregation inhibiting properties. It is being developed in peripheral arterial occlusive disease. As in future clinical practice BPS might be co-prescribed with oral anticoagulants, we investigated its interaction with fluindi...

Tobacco smoking is associated with reduced monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) activity. Smoking-associated low MAOA activities in pregnancy and in newborns may have negative perinatal and postnatal consequences. We aimed to compare, in everyday clinical conditions, biomarkers of MAOA activity in smoking (SPW) and lifetime nonsmoking pregnant women (NSPW) a...

Smoking is estimated to be responsible for at least 2/3 of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) deaths. Mortality rates due to all causes and to COPD decline progressively after smoking cessation compared with continuing smoking. Nicotine replacement therapies (NRT) increase the likelihood of smoking abstinence by only 60%. Optimization of...

To investigate the improvement in quality of life (QoL) of alcohol-dependent patients during a 3-week inpatient withdrawal programme, and to identify the sociodemographic, clinical and alcohol-related variables associated with baseline QoL on admission and with improvement of QoL during residential treatment. This prospective, observational study i...

Substance use disorders and psychiatric disorders co-occur frequently. The prevalence of smoking increases dose-dependently with the number of psychiatric diagnoses. The aim of this article is to review the relationship between smoking and depression. A PubMed literature search limited to the last 10 years was conducted with the terms smoking and d...

The ATTEMPT cohort study is multi-national, longitudinal study of smokers intending to quit recruited in the U.S.A., Canada, U.K. and France. Data on demographics, medical history, body mass index (BMI), weight concerns and smoking status were collected at baseline and after six months. A total of 2,009 subjects provided data at baseline and 1,303...