Isolde Ferraz

Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia | inpa · Coordenação de Biodiversidade (CBIO)

A escolha de espécies é uma etapa essencial para o sucesso da restauração de áreas degradadas. Embora as lianas formem um importante componente em florestas tropicais no mundo, ainda são pouco utilizadas para fins de restauração ecológica. Devido a reconhecida capacidade de propagação clonal das lianas, nós testamos a produção de mudas de Machaeriu...

Apesar de representar um importante componente na estrutura e diversidade das florestas tropicas, as lianas ainda são pouco utilizadas na restauração florestal. Espécies lianescentes podem ser melhor escolhidas se conhecermos maneiras de propagação que são mais favoráveis. A propagação vegetativa é uma alternativa à propagação sexuada, devido as co...

Sapotaceae is a woody family that constitutes an important component of tropical forests. In Amazonia, it is amongst the 10 most representative tree families, where its members are readily recognized by the presence of latex and seeds with a conspicuous scar (hilum). Overall, the combination of characters beyond seeds has been useful in recognizing...

Species producing recalcitrant (desiccation sensitive) seeds are relatively common amongst woody species of tropical moist forests, and they provide a broad range of ecosystem services. In addition to the pressure imposed by forest destruction, these species are under a greater risk of regeneration failure due to the effects of climate change than...

The Guide to the Amazonian Fruits, Seeds & Seedlings provides details of 75 tree species including description of fruits, seeds and seedlings, the germination process, comparative foliar morphology of seedlings and adults, and reprodutive phenology. Images and texts are organized to facilitate the recognition of species at different stages of devel...

A new species from central Amazonia, Chromolucuma brevipedicellata (Sapotaceae, Chrysophylloideae) is described and illustrated. It occurs in terra firme (non-flooded) forests near Manaus, Brazil. We compare C. brevipedicellata to similar species in terms of diagnostic morphology, as well as near-infrared spectral differences of the leaves, and pro...

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as condições climáticas adequadas para prever a distribuição de Carapa guianensis Aubl. no presente e no futuro, considerando diferentes cenários de mudanças climáticas. Utilizando registros de presença com coordenadas geográficas disponíveis em banco de dados e variáveis bioclimáticas explicativas do WorldClim,...

Chrysophyllum L. (Chrysophylloideae) é o segundo maior gênero de Sapotaceae, com 71 spp. conhecidas, principalmente nos Neotrópicos. No Brasil, estima-se a ocorrência de 31 spp., sendo a maioria registrada para a Amazônia (~20 spp.). Na recente filogenia molecular da subfamília, dentre os grupos monofiléticos em Chrysophyllum, há um pequeno e inter...

Amazonian tucuman (Astrocaryum aculeatum) fruit pulp is consumed directly without heat treatment, and is appreciated in the region of Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil. The kernel is discarded after pulp removal, resulting in costs related to waste management. This study aimed to perform an estimate on the annual amount of kernels generated by commerc...

Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) Barneby (Fabaceae-Caesalpinoideae) is a tree of the Amazon region with pioneer characteristics and large seeds with physical dormancy. Using Accelerated Ageing (AA) methodology, seeds were exposed to Moist Heat (40 °C; >97% Relative Humidity; RH) or Dry Heat (40 °C; 22% RH). Furthermore, it was...

Polyembryony is the differentiation and development of multiple embryos in a single seed. This characteristic can provide advantages, as more than one embryo is produced with the same amount of resources, and the probability of establishment of at least one seedling increases. However, sibling seedlings may also increase competition, affecting deve...

Species of the Carapa spp. complex, occurring in the Neotropics, Africa and India, have multiple uses, including timber, with the seed oil being used in phyto-pharmaceutical products and cosmetics. This study aimed to determine the thermal ranges of the germination process, comparing germination criteria used by seed physiologists and seed technolo...

Liana abundance and size have increased in neotropical forests. High vegetative reproductive capacity (clonality) may be the cause of high abundance in some liana species. Correlations between vegetative propagation capacity and (1) relative abundance of liana species, (2) rooting and foliar sprouting potentials of congeneric species, and (3) phylo...

In forest fragments, edge effects can influence forest regeneration, but little is known about how edge effects influence seedling performance and the interaction between seedlings and their natural enemies over time. In central Amazonia, we recorded survival and growth (in height and leaf number) and damage by insect herbivores and leaf‐fungal pat...

Os objetivos deste estudo foram analisar as características morfológicas complexas dos frutos e diásporos de inharé, e fornecer subsídios para o reconhecimento da planta na fase inicial do desenvolvimento. As infrutescências apresentam em média, 2,2 cm x 2,9 cm x 2,6 cm, com 4-10 frutos inseridos ao perianto carnoso. Os frutos, drupas monospérmicas...

Eugenia stipitata occurs along rivers in Western Amazonia and produces berry-type fruits with economic potential. Its large recalcitrant (i.e. desiccation-intolerant) seeds have been proposed as a model to study seed stress response, as no apparent differentiation between the embryonic axis and the fused cotyledons are visible. Here, the longevity...

Germination efficiency can be quantified using the optimal temperature and the temperature limits for germinating seeds. Such estimates generally pertain to the earliest phase of germination, that of radicle emergence. Few comparisons have been made on the subsequent stages of growth, even though the seed-seedling transition is critical for establi...

Post-germination manipulation of seeds by rodents arrests shoot development, yet seed tissues may remain alive becoming an important food supply over several months. Seeds of Carapa surinamensis show polyembryony in the Central Amazon, which could counter predatory seed manipulation. To test this concept, we characterized the polyembryony of C. sur...

The use of biochemical seed viability markers is often compromised by the unknown partitioning of analytes in bulk seed lots consisting of inseparable populations of viable and nonviable seeds. We took advantage of an unusual morphological syndrome found in the recalcitrant, undifferentiated seeds of Eugenia stipitata: one seed can be cut into seve...

Parkia nitida (Fabaceae Mimosoideae) is a neotropical timber tree of economic e ecological importance due to its wood and the possibility of rapid growth in degraded areas. is a neotropical tree species of economic and ecological importance. That study aimed to verify if the freshly harvested seeds exhibit physiological immaturity and apply hydropr...

Parkia nitida (Fabaceae Mimosoideae) is a neotropical timber tree of economic e ecological importance due to its wood and the possibility of rapid growth in degraded areas. is a neotropical tree species of economic and ecological importance. That study aimed to verify if the freshly harvested seeds exhibit physiological immaturity and apply hydropr...

The recent acceleration of actions to conserve plant species using ex situ and in situ strategies has revealed the need to understand how these two approaches might be better developed and integrated in their application to tree species. Here we review some of the recent successes relating mainly to tree seed biology that have resulted in the devel...

Tucuma is an Amazonian palm tree. The raw pulp of the fruit is edible and highly appreciated as sandwich filling in local culinary. The pulp of high nutritional value has significant vitamin A content. This study aimed to evaluate aspects of the trade of tucuma fruit and pulp at fairs and markets of Manaus. During the one-year study, the provenance...

Smoke stimulates seed germination of a range of species from ecosystems that may or may not be fire prone. We evaluated the effects of smoke-water on germination of ten tree species of economic value in the Amazon region. Two materials were burnt to produce smoke-water: germination paper and the wood of Cecropia palmata Willd. Seven dilutions of th...

Lianas are an important component of tropical forests, and may reach their highest densities in disturbed areas. However, information on seed and germination characteristics is scarce. Twenty Amazon liana species were screened for their germination characteristics, including light dependence, tolerance of desiccation and of alternating temperatures...

In Amazon secondary forests are dominated by pioneer species that typically produce large amounts of small and dormant seeds that are able to form a persistent soil seed bank. Seed dormancy in this group of species is overcome by environmental conditions found in open areas, such as high irradiation or alternating temperatures. Nevertheless, a vari...

The objectives of this study were to determine the temperature range of Theobroma grandiflorum seed germination, to indicate the most suitable temperature for the germination test and propose morphological evaluation criteria to provide data for the inclusion of this species in the Brazilian Rules for Seed Testing. The experiments were carried out...

A fumaça e a fumaça diluída em água, conhecida como água de fumaça, podem ser utilizadas como estimuladores tanto da germinação das sementes quanto do vigor das plântulas de várias espécies silvestres e cultivadas. O objetivo neste trabalho foi verificar a eficácia de águas de fumaça, oriundas de diferentes matérias-primas e concentrações, na germi...

Smoke and smoke diluted in water, known as smoke-water, can be used to promote both seed germination and seedling vigor of several wild and cultivated species. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of smoke-water produced with different sources (raw materials) and concentrations on seed germination and seedling vigor of tomato...

Question: Do traits of liana regeneration differ among secondary forest types of varying land-use history and primary forest? Location: Eighty kilometers north of Manaus, Brazil. Methods: We compared plant functional traits and growth rates of liana regeneration (<1.7-m length) among two secondary forest types and primary forest. Secondary forest t...

Seed conditioning is a technique that can increase the vigor and speed of the germination process (Mendonça et al., 2005), which consists in pre-soaking the seeds in sufficient quantity to activate the metabolism, but insufficient to allow the protrusion of the primary root (Bradford, 1986). Activation of metabolism allows the recovery of damage ac...

Tauari species (Lecythidaceae) in non-flooded Amazon forest: patterns of geographic distribution, abundance, and implications for conservation). Understanding the range of a species is essential to understanding its ecology and conservation. In this study we collected data on the composition, abundance, diametric structure, and geographic distribut...

Understanding the range of a species is essential to understanding its ecology and conservation. In this study we collected data on the composition, abundance, diametric structure, and geographic distribution of "tauari" species (Lecythidaceae), which are among the most exploited timber trees of the Amazonian forest. We used herbarium data to defin...

Background: Lianas are considered to be particularly abundant in tropical forests after disturbance; however, information on their regeneration by seedlings, saplings, and sprouts is scarce.Aim: We assessed how primary and secondary forest types with different land use history are related to the density and diversity of liana regeneration.Methods:...

For Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K. (Brazil nut) the optimal temperature for seed germination is not yet known. This species occurs in the Amazon region in terra firme forests. The objective of this work was to determine the optimum temperature for the evaluation of seed quality in the laboratory in order to provide subsidies for the elaboration of the...

Enterolobium schomburgkii Benth. ("orelha-de-macaco") is a valuable shade intolerant timber species, because it produces nodules, it has a great potential for plantation in degraded areas. The objective of this propagation study was to describe morphologically fruits, seeds and seedlings and define the "normal seedling" of E. schomburgki in order t...

O visgueiro é uma árvore neotropical de importâncias econômica e ecológica. Este estudo objetivou determinar o tempo de embebição e o teor de água de sementes de Parkia pendula necessários para ativar o metabolismo e aumentar o desempenho pelo condicionamento. Sementes armazenadas (2 anos) e não armazenadas (7 dias) foram comparadas. Após o despont...

Informativo Técnico Versão impressa ISSN 1679-6500 Versão on-line ISSN 1679-8058. Aspectos da morfologia, ecologia, germinação e estocagem das sementes de Cariniana micrantha são detalhados neste informativo técnico. Espécies do gênero Cariniana são conhecidas pelo mesmo nome vulgare e, geralmente, comercializadas sem distinção. C. decandra tem si...

The traditional method of oil extraction from crabwood seeds was observed in three municipalities (Anamã, Manacapuru e Silves) in the state of Amazonas. In 1992 and 2004 a total of 38 producers were interviewed. Seeds of two species (Carapa procera D.C. and Carapa guianensis Aubl.) were used for oil extraction. The complex process requires about tw...

O gênero Copaifera L. é um dos mais importantes economicamente na Região Amazônica devido, principalmente, à produção dos óleos de copaíba, oléo-resinas com diversas propriedades farmacológicas confirmadas. Apesar disso, os estudos fitoquímicos com as sementes das árvores do gênero Copaifera L.são raros. Copaifera officinalis foi a primeira espécie...

The traditional method of oil extraction from crabwood seeds was observed in three municipalities (Anamã, Manacapuru e Silves) in the state of Amazonas. In 1992 and 2004 a total of 38 producers were interviewed. Seeds of two species (Carapa procera D.C. and Carapa guianensis Aubl.) were used for oil extraction. The complex process requires about tw...

Copaifera L. is one of the most economically important plant genera in the Amazon Region, since it exudes a resin-oil named copaiba oil possessing several confirmed pharmacological properties. In spite of that, phytochemical studies of the seeds from this genus are rare. Copaifera officinalis L. was the first species in the genus Copaifera to be de...

In the Central Amazon we investigated whether seedling performance (survival, and relative growth rates in height and leaf numbers) was affected by initial seedling size (height and leaf numbers) in habitats that varied in their degree of human disturbance: cattle pasture, young secondary forest, 1-ha forest fragment and old-growth forest. Addition...

The ability to germinate, tolerate desiccation and survive in air-dry storage was investigated during early seed development in planta and subsequent ex planta maturation of sumaúma (Ceiba pentandra). Immature fruits were collected on three different dates (i.e. from about 5 days before until 7 days after mass maturity). Immature fresh seeds were n...

The aim of this study was to gather information on timber trees occurring in a non-flooded forest near Manaus and to make an attempt to rank these species according to their succession in the forest. The ranking would be helpful in modeling the forest's dynamics, for forest conservation, management and rehabilitation of degraded areas. The group st...

The aim of this study was to gather information on timber trees occurring in a non-flooded forest near Manaus and to make an attempt to rank these species according to their succession in the forest. The ranking would be helpful in modeling the forest’s dynamics, for forest conservation, management and rehabilitation of degraded areas. The group st...

Final Germination (%) and Mean germination time (d) of 30 tree species of Central Amazonia Radicle protrusion was tested at constant temperatures between 15°C and 40 °C.The species occur in non-flooded (terra firme) forest. Most of them are of economic interest. Text was written in Portuguese with an abstract in English, contains 2 Tables and 1 Fig...

Deforestation in the Amazon Basin is still increasing, and the rehabilitation of these lands continues to be a challenge. Autoecological studies of most Amazonian species are rare, and efficient techniques for restoration of forested habitats have yet to be developed. The aim of this study was to test direct sowing as a rehabilitation technique for...

In the Amazon Basin occur both species of the genus Carapa (Meliaceae). Robamahogany is well known for the quality of its timber and the oil extracted from its seeds. The provision of basic information on seed and seedlings to subsidize scientific studies and the propagation and management of these species was the objective of this study. Bio-morph...

Árvores de copaíba pertencem ao gênero botânico Copaifera, da família Caesalpiniaceae, e são conhecidas em toda a Amazônia principalmente pela importância medicinal atribuída ao seu óleo-resina e sua casca. Este trabalho refere-se à observação dos eventos fenológicos de 60 árvores de Copaifera officinalis, presentes em área de mata de galeria do ri...

Forest edges bordering on pasture were created by cutting and burning thesurrounding Amazonian lowland rain forest in the dry season (June) of1990. Litterfall was measured for 3.5 y along transects 10, 50, 100 and250-m into the forest from the forest edge. Litterfall along the 10-mtransects increased by up to 2.5 times that on spatial controls (250...

Seed quality development was studied in the tropical tree sumauma (Ceiba pentandra [L.] Gaertn.) in Amazonia. The onset of ability to germinate and to tolerate desiccation to 4% moisture content was detected 5d after mass maturity (MM, defined as the end of the seed-filling phase), when seed moisture content was 51% (f.wt basis), and as fruit and s...

We tested the effects of forest fragmentation on the incidence of leaf-fungal infection and its interaction with herbivores in central Amazonia. An experiment was initiated in 1992 on seedlings of three co-occurring tree species that were transplanted into continuous forest and forest fragments of 1, 10, and 100 ha in area. Nearly 6 years later, fo...

We assessed the effects of litter cover on herbivory and performance (annual survival and relative growth rate in height and leaf number) for established seedlings (·9 cm tall, and ≥4 mo old), of four shade-tolerant, large-seeded, co-occurring Sapotaceae species. Seedlings were divided into three litter treatments: (1) litter addition, (2) control,...

Este estudo teve como objetivo averiguar o conhecimento dos alunos da 5a série das escolas públicas estaduais de Manaus sobre a floresta amazônica e seus recursos. As entrevistas foram realizadas em 14 escolas, com o auxílio de um questionário padrão contendo perguntas abertas. De cada escola foram entrevistados 10 alunos, perfazendo um total de 14...

Maquira sclerophylla is a timber tree found in "terra firme" (non flooded) forest throughout the Amazon basin. The objectives of this study were to improve the basic knowledge of fruit, seed and seedling morphology and to observe the effect of constant temperatures between 10 and 35°C on seed germination and seedling development. M. sclerophylla ha...

O araçá-boi (Eugenia stipitata ssp. sororia McVaugh - Myrtaceae) é uma espécie frutífera originária da Amazônia Ocidental que apresenta grande potencial para a indústria de sucos e sorvetes. A morfologia das sementes é complexa e sua fisiologia pouco compreendida. Sabe-se que elas são resistentes a injúrias mecânicas e sensíveis ao dessecamento. Ob...

Maquira sclerophylla é uma árvore de interesse econômico madeireiro, encontrada na floresta de terra firme por toda a bacia Amazônica. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram estudar a morfologia do fruto, da semente e da plântula e observar o efeito de temperaturas constantes entre 10 e 35°C na germinação e formação de plântulas. Os frutos de M. sclerop...