İsmail Emir Akyildiz

Marmara University · Department of Analytical Chemistry

Royal jelly (RJ) is a nutritious substance secreted from the hypopharyngeal and mandibular glands of bees. Health-promoting properties of RJ are due to its polymorphism proteins named MRJPs. Within this study, it was aimed to develop an accurate method for absolute MRJP quantification. Furthermore, a novel purification workflow for each MRJP was al...

Honey is progressively valued thanks to its pronounced potent biological properties including antibacterial, antibiofilm, as well as wound healing activity. However, the underlying mechanism and compounds responsible for the strong antibacterial activity of honeys have not been fully elucidated. Well-characterized major components; hydrogen peroxid...

In this study, total phenolic content, antioxidant capacities and phenolic compound compositions of 128 honey samples of different botanic origins produced in 14 different cities in 6 different regions of our country were investigated. Honey samples were obtained directly from beekeepers and from origins of pine (Pinus pinea and/or Pinus brutia), s...

Honey adulteration using sugar syrups is ubiquitous and adulterated honey may also be prepared by direct addition of α-amylases from different sources to match the legislation for honey trade. Colorimetric diastase assays may report false negatives in terms of foreign diastase (FD) detection owing to using substrates being prone to be cleaved by an...

Honeydew honey is progressively valued thanks to its pronounced potent biological properties including antibacterial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, as well as wound healing activity1,2. The antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of honeydew honey is comparable to manuka honey, which is currently used as medical-grade honey in clinical applications. How...

The majority of the authentic pine honey samples fail from C-4% sugar test [1]. Pine honey is generally characterized by small-sized insoluble honeydew elements, and these can form an appreciable amount of precipitate during protein flocculation [2]. These substances may shift the protein-centric δ13C (13C/12C) values inaccurately. In this study, h...

The use of antibiotics to prevent bee diseases can cause significant residue problems in honey. Residues lead to health problems such as antibiotic resistance and allergic reactions [1]. There are numerous studies in the literature using various pretreatment and chromatographic techniques for multi-class antibiotic residue analyses [2]. We develope...

Fraudulent honey may also be prepared by the direct addition of foreign α-amylases (foreign diastase, FD) [1]. Indicated manipulation is carried out mainly to increase the diastase levels [2]. The main objective of this study was to accurately determine FD in honey. For method development, honey proteins were isolated by serial ultrafiltration. Nex...

Pine and blossom honey have different levels of consumer appeal. To avoid fraud and adulteration, it is important to distinguish between the two types of honey. The identification of honey as blossom and pine remains difficult. In the current study, palynological parameters, phenolics, organic acids, sugars, and minerals were investigated in blosso...

Propolis is mainly composed of plant resins, and its type is named according to the primary plant origin in its composition. Identification of propolis botanical origin is essential for predicting and repeating its pharmacological activity because of the variations in chemical composition. This study aimed to compare chemical composition of black p...

Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) biotherapeutics are an emerging type of pharmaceutical that conduct multiple monoclonal antibodies combined with a linker that designs to enable the transportation and selective release of cytotoxic drugs in close proximity to tumors [1]. ADCs are produced through the chemical linkage of a potent drug (payload) to a ti...

Honey adulteration and counterfeiting are growing problems in the honey trade. The low yields of harvesting and high prices lead the manufacturers to admix relatively cheap sugar syrups or enzymes to honey products. These applications depreciate the high nutriceutical values of honey. Corn syrup addition to honey is one of the well-known adulterati...

Streptomycin (STR) and dihydrostreptomycin (DSTR) are the typically encountered aminoglycoside (AMG) residues in honey. For AMG analysis, studies in literature involve impractical and expensive applications such as ion-pairing chromatography, immunoassays, pre and post column derivatizations, or SPE approaches. Pretreatments of these methods are to...

Pine honey is valuable honeydew honey and its production is mainly produced in Pinus brutia forests. The fact that Pinus brutia is most common in Turkey in the world brings great wealth in terms of pine honey production. Marchalina hellenica (M. hellenica) uses secretions of P. Brutia (pine sap) instead of blossom nectar. M.hellenica changes these...

Bee pollen serves various macro and micronutrients for human health [1]. Therefore, the bee-pollen is a complete natural supplement and can be mentioned as a superfood [2]. However, besides its functional properties, it may also contain xenobiotics and other contaminants. Indicated contamination may arise from beekeeping mispractices or from enviro...

The majority of the authentic pine honey samples fail from C-4% sugar test [1]. Pine honey is generally characterized by small-sized insoluble honeydew elements, and these can form an appreciable amount of precipitate during protein flocculation. These substances may shift the protein-centric δ13C (13C /12C) values inaccurately [2]. In this study,...

There are a number of studies in the literature that present plausible adulteration markers or assays such as quantification of AFGP, arsenic, detection of DFA, or C4-% (SCIRA) analysis for corn syrup identification to detect honey adulteration. There are also enzymatic assays and to name but a few are heat-stable diastase, foreign invertase, and,...

Pine honey is valuable honeydew honey and its production is mainly produced in Pinus brutia forests. Turkey has an important advantage in beekeeping in terms of floral diversity and mild climate conditions. The fact that Pinus brutia is most common in Turkey in the world brings great wealth in terms of pine honey production. For this reason, Turkey...

A versatile sample pretreatment method for the honey matrix is still needed for any proteomic-based investigations. Invertase and diastase are the most important enzymes in the maturation of pine honey and the origins of these enzymes are attributed to the bee's hypopharyngeal glands (HPG). In our study, we aimed to isolate and enrich these enzymes...

A versatile sample pretreatment method for the honey matrix is still needed for any proteomic-based investigations. Invertase and diastase are the most important enzymes in the maturation of pine honey and the origin of these enzymes are attributed to the bee's hypopharyngeal glands (HPG). In our study, we aimed to isolate and enrich these enzymes...

A broad range of evidence has confirmed that natural products and essential oils might have the potential to suppress COVID-19 infection. Therefore, this study aimed to develop an oral/throat spray formulation for prophylactic use in the oral cavity or help treatment modalities. Based on a reference survey, several essential oils, a cold-pressed oi...

The majority of the authentic pine honey samples fail from C-4% sugar test. Pine honey is generally characterized by small-sized insoluble honeydew elements, and these can form an appreciable amount of precipitate during protein flocculation. These substances may shift the protein-centric δ¹³C (¹³C/¹²C) values inaccurately. In this study, honey pro...

Identification of honey adulteration is an important area to ensure product safety and quality. White rice syrups (WRS) or brown rice syrups (BRS) can be used for honey adulteration [1]. Up to date, qualitative analysis of 2-acetylfuran-3-glucopyranoside (AFGP) and the quantification of the arsenic residue are the commonly preferred methods to dete...

There is a number of studies in the literature that present plausible adulteration markers or assays such as quantification of AFGP, arsenic [1], detection of DFA [2], or C4-% (SCIRA) analysis for corn syrup identification [3] to detect honey adulteration. There are also enzymatic assays and to name but a few are heat-stable diastase, foreign inver...

The most common bee diseases are American foulbrood (AFB), European foulbrood (EFB) and Nosemosis. Beekeepers use different techniques to protect their hives from these epidemic diseases. One of these techniques is the use of different antibiotics. Using antibiotics is one of the main causes of the residues in honey. Aminoglycosides are broad-spect...

Identification of honey adulteration is an important area to ensure product safety and quality. White rice syrups (WRS) or brown rice syrups (BRS) can be used for honey adulteration. Up to date, qualitative analysis of 2-ace-tylfuran-3-glucopyranoside (AFGP) and the quantification of the arsenic residue are the commonly preferred methods to detect...

Extracts of therapeutic plants of nature, such as Ginkgo biloba L. and Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (P.ginseng) are highly requested. Recently admixtures of these extracts with apitherapy products are also available. In this study, as research materials, P.ginseng, and Ginkgo biloba L. supplements in the form of tablets, paste, and liquid extracts prep...

Scientific studies show that royal jelly (RJ) has health-promoting properties due to its bioactive lipids. The aim of the study is the lipidome enlightening of these lipid compositions based on targeted quantification of 38 different fatty acids and 9 sterols with novel analytical methods. Total lipid contents were measured via soxhlet extraction....

Furosine is the molecule that is formed during the acid hydrolysis of Amadori products and can be used for the evaluation of the glycation and food quality. As a novel approach, we screened two alternative isobaric advanced glycation end products (AGE’s) simultaneously during furosin analysis. Royal jelly (RJ) and cookie samples were examined to co...

Antibiotic usage for beekeeping, including quinolones, can lead to residues in honey and these residues usually result from the drugs used in the treatment of American or European foulbrood diseases. Residues in honey may cause allergic reactions as well as increased antibiotic resistance. Within this study, rapid and breakthrough analysis methods...

Adulteration using Invert Sugar Syrups (ISS) are common at honey fraudulent. β-fructofuranosidase (BFF) enzyme is being used for the cleavage of the sucrose to gain fructose/glucose mixture at ISS production. We thought that differences in proteome profiles of honey samples can indicate the adulteration due to the non-straightforward addition of BF...

Amaç: Bal, a-tokoferol, askorbik asit, flavonoidler, a-amilaz, a-glukozidaz ve glikoz oksidaz gibi koruyucu özellikteki çeşitli bileşenler içerir. alfa-glukosidaz, balın olgunlaşmasındaki en önemli enzimlerden biridir [1]. Baldaki α-glukosidaz’ın kaynağı, arının hipofaringeal bezlerine (HPG) atfedilir. α-glukosidaz aktivitesi, balda kalite gösterge...

Amaç: Arı sütü (RJ), arıların hipofaringeal ve mandibular bezlerinden salgılanan, kraliçe arıların gelişiminde rol oynayan besleyici bir maddedir [1]. RJ, iyi bir protein kaynağıdır ve ana arıların büyümesi için en değerli besindir [2]. Enzimler, bal ve arı sütünde, ürünün fonksiyonel özelliklerine katkıda bulunurlar. Baldaki baskın enzimler diasta...

Amaç: Penisilinler ve sefalosporinler, Beta-Lactam antibiyotiklerin alt sınıflarıdır ve bulaşıcı insan ve hayvan hastalıklarını tedavi etmek için kullanılan ajanlarıdır. Yoğun antibiyotik kullanımı, bireylerde ana bileşiklere veya metabolitlerine aşırı duyarlılık ve antibiyotiklere karşı direncin artması sebep olmaktadır [1]. Antibiyotikler, arıcıl...

Honey is a natural product produced by honeybees from the nectar of flowers or honeydew. It is mostly composed of sugars (60-85%) and also contains proteins and enzymes1. Since honey contains low amounts of protein and sugar-rich environment, it is hard to isolate proteins and there are still limited studies on its proteome. Thus, an effective samp...

Among enzymatic activity-based analysis in honey, α/β/γ-amylases and β-fructofuranosidase (β-FF) assays are used for fraud detection1-2. p-nitrophenyl β-D-maltotrioside as a substrate for β/γ-amylase and raffinose as substrate for β-FF are typically used for fraud detection. It is known that there are some cross-reactions between the honey α-Glucos...

BACKGROUND Pesticides are widely utilized worldwide to control undesirable life forms during the planting procedure in agriculture. But they can pollute the nature and jeopardize human wellbeing. Additionally, on account of high resistance and biological activity; pesticides are able to accumulate in living organs and lead to acute and long‐term ne...

Propolis is a material produced by Apis mellifera to act as an antibiotic as well as a construction material for their hives [1]. Pesticide residues are toxic compounds that can be found in propolis and often originate from contamination produced by agricultural practices and the misapplication of pesticides in hives. It is appropriate to establish...

Fitoterapi uygulamalarının günümüzde önem kazanması, alternatif takviye edici gıdaların çeşitliğini arttırmaktadır. Ginseng ve Gingko Biloba gibi tüketimi eski çağlara dayanan, terapötik özellikteki bitkilerin ekstraktları ve bu ekstraktların yer aldığı karışımlardan oluşan ürünler, tüketici tarafından talep edilmektedir. Ginseng, etli kökleri olan...

Royal Jelly (RJ) is a natural product secreted by the hypopharyngeal and mandibular glands of worker bees. RJ contains many components such as water, sugars, amino acids, proteins, fatty acids and vitamins [1]. Nevertheless, there is no international regulation concerning RJ harvest, production. Because of the poor storage conditions, royal jelly m...

Apiculture faces a great deal of pests, mites, insects and number of important diseases. Beekeepers can protect their honey combs from acarine and wax moths with applying chemical control methods [1]. Chemical control is effective and easy to use and usually is applied as fumigants of nitrobenzene, para-dichlorobenzen, naphtalene, thymol, phenol, b...

Food quality assurance is getting great significance for consumers and regulatory authorities. Honey is highly expensive and high prices make it more prone to adulteration. Strict and efficient quality control procedures of honey authentication is required to ensure its safety. Generally, honey is adulterated with sweeteners such as invert sugar sy...

Pine honey is a valuable honeydew honey which is produced in Turkey with 90% majority. Elucidating the dominant properties of Turkish pine honey and New Zealand manuka honey is the main objective of this study. The level of 43 different flavonoids and 13 minerals were determined as well as moisture, acidity, conductivity, diastase, invertase, proli...

Propolis is a complex material of resinous substances which is collected by bees from the exudates of plants and modified by mixing it with enzymes, pollen and wax. Propolis of which chemical composition mainly depends on the botanical and geographic origin, has high level of phenolic and flavonoid content. The objective of this study was to compa...

The aim of this study was the efficient and high quality purifiying and isolating honey α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase from honey matrices. Novel purification protocol will contribute to quality control and R&D laboratories due to reference bee enzyme material supplying.

Honey is a natural food which is listed amongst "Top 10 products that are most at risk of food fraud" by EU. The most frequently applied fraud in honey is addition of sugar syrups. There are numerous methods developed in last couple of decades to detect different sugar syrups used to conduct honey fraud. There are methods based on NMR and HR-MS pro...

Deniz canlıları, farklı yapılarda ve çok çesitli aktiviteler gösteren farmasötik potansiyele sahip kimyasal maddeler üretmektedirler. Denizdeki omurgasız canlılar ve deniz bitkileri, genellikle hareketsizdirler ve etraflarında akan deniz suyundan filtrasyon yoluyla beslenirler. İkincil metabolitlerin çesitliligi bakımından degerlendirildiginde, sün...

Polyphenols, phenolic acids and flavonoids; are the most abundant antioxidants in food. Many properties of honey such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antitumor, anti-ulcer and anti-inflammatory are related to these compounds. Although there are lots of study about total phenolic and antioxidant capacity at literature, there is not enough s...

Propolis is a resinous substance collected by honey bees from trees, and other botanical sources. It is used as sealant and antimicrobial agent inside the hive. Recent studies regarding with characterization and bioactive composition of propolis identified more than 300 constituents. Propolis comprised of 50% resinous substance, 30% waxes, 10% es...

β/γ-AMİLAZ YABANCI ENZİM TESPİT METODU β-FRUKTOFURANOSİDAZ YABANCI ENZİM TESPİT METODU

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical widely used in manufacturing polycarbonate and epoxy resin, materials that are commonly used in the production of various types of food and beverage containers, including the lining of metal cans [1]. BPA is an endocrine disrupter that can mimic human hormones, recent studies have found that human exposure to BPA res...

Bee products are natural food product well known for theirs nutritional and medicinal values. They are strong antioxidant sources and the health benefits offered by these products are attributed mainly to the presence of phenolic compounds [1]. Flavonoids and phenolic acids constitute the most important polyphenolic classes. Flavonoids exhibit a wi...

Antibiotics are commonly used in bee hives to control bacterial disease. If antibiotic residues are present in food-grade honey with sufficient quantities, allergic reactions and bacterial resistance can develop. When considering today's advanced technology, analysis of single class antibiotics is insufficient and expensive for quality control stud...

Antibiotics are commonly used in bee hives to control bacterial disease. Use of these antibiotics requires caution to prevent persistent residues from occurring in food-grade honey. LC-MS/MS is currently common analytical approach for the quantification of antibiotic contamination in honey. When considering today's advanced technology, analysis of...

Honey is a well known natural bee product for its high nutritional value and possible health benefits, which is the result of its chemical composition. Honey includes phenolic acids and flavonoids, that exhibit wide range of biological effects and act as natural antioxidants. Antioxidants are chemicals that deactivate free radicals which damage cel...

Quinolones are antibacterial effective compounds in the heterocyclic aromatic organic structure having the closed formula C9H7N. The fluoroquinolones are synthesized by the addition of fluorine to the quinolone molecule and enter the cytoplasm of bacteria and disrupt DNA replication and DNA transcription (Madurga and Sánchez-Céspedes, 2008). Many a...

The measuremenț of serum concentrations of 25-hydroxy vitamin D2 and D3 is the most accurate way to determine vitamin D status in human body. 25-hydroxy metabolites of vitamin D, plays a critical role in controlling calcium and phosphate levels in the body. Quantitation of these metabolites is very important because of their clinical significance i...