Iskhaq Iskandar

Iskhaq Iskandar
Universitas Sriwijaya | UNSRI · Physics Program (Math and Natural Sciences)

Ph.D (The University of Tokyo, Japan)

About

122
Publications
45,199
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Introduction
My research interests and experience span a wide range of topics from physical oceanography to ocean climate and marine ecosystems. These include (1) dynamics of Indian Ocean circulation and climate, (2) dynamics and thermodynamics of the Indonesian seas, (3) impacts of large-scale climate forcing on ecosystem dynamics in the Indonesian seas. My work used a combination of a numerical model of the ocean circulation (and ecosystems) and in-situ and satellite observations.
Additional affiliations
November 2009 - October 2011
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Position
  • NRC Research Associate
October 2007 - September 2009
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science Technology
Position
  • JSPS Postdoctoral Fellow

Publications

Publications (122)
Article
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Several studies indicate that Indonesia’s position on the equator, where winds from the northern and southern hemispheres converge, leads to year-round rainfall in Indonesia. Previous studies have also shown the presence of monsoon winds over Indonesia, which causes rain in Indonesia to follow the Asian and Australian monsoon wind patterns. Recentl...
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As is known, the impact caused by El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) can reach extreme levels, especially rainfall in Indonesia. So, updating information on events and cycles of these phenomena is essential. Using Sea Surface Temperature (SST) data spanning the previous 84 years (1940–2023) from ERA5, we examined...
Article
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The analysis of rainfall patterns in the Indonesian region utilized the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) method to identify spatial and temporal variations. The study evaluated the dynamic influence of the Tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) and the Tropical Pacific Ocean (TPO) on Indonesian rainfall using monthly data from the Southeast Asian Climate A...
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We investigate rainfall variability in Indonesia using the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) method. The analysis starts by taking three main modes of EOF results, namely EOF1, EOF2, and EOF3. The EOF1 region is southern Indonesia, from southern Sumatra to Timor Island, parts of Kalimantan, parts of Sulawesi, and parts of Irian Jaya. The EOF2 reg...
Article
The tropical area of the Indonesian Maritime Continent (IMC) is frequently regulated by El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), resulting in various water mass stratification in every climate event, such as El Niño and La Niña occurrences. As a consequence, changes in the typical Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) are linked to ENSO circumstances that affec...
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Increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases have led to changes in extreme climate events. This study aims to describe the picture of climate change in the South Sumatra Region during the last 40 years, namely from 1981-2020. Rainfall and extreme temperature data were obtained from BMKG data for South Sumatra Province at the Palembang City Climat...
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Mollusk has a role as a food source in benthic ecosystems. Presumably, there has been a decrease in its diversity on the protected coastline of Berbak-Sembilang National Park (BSNP) due to fluctuations in water quality parameters that threaten the sustainability of another biota in the web food system. The purpose of this study was to describe the...
Article
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Even though Sumatra is very vulnerable to the effects of drought, research identifying drought on this island is very limited, especially extreme drought. This research was conducted to identify extreme drought in Sumatra using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Effective Drought Index (EDI). This study uses precipitation data from...
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Long-term change in the timing of coastal upwelling due to climate variations alters the heat budget and biogeochemical balance in the regional ocean and is an important issue in local fisheries. In this study, we investigated decadal changes in the onset of coastal upwelling along the southern coast of Java over the past two decades (2003–2020) ba...
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Climate anomalies can cause natural disasters such as severe fires and floods on peatlands in South Sumatra. Factors that affect the natural disasters on peatlands include rainfall, groundwater level, and soil moisture. This paper aims to study the effect of the climate anomalies in 2019 and 2020 and effects of these influencing factors on peatland...
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An ecosystem services valuation could provide significant improvements for the policy maker to monitor the mangrove ecosystem changes in coastal ecosystems. Therefore, this study aimed to measure the value of ecosystem service in Sembilang National Park (NSP), Banyuasin District, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Data collection used questionnaires and in-...
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Upwelling is a process by which deep, colder, higher-nutrient waters are brought to the sea surface. In the tropics, an indicator that an upwelling event has occurred is lowering of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) to 25°–27°C from a mean of ~28°C. Based on more than one year of in situ data, we observed an unusual extreme upwelling event (EUE) when...
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The evolution of an extreme positive Indian Ocean Dipole (pIOD) that took place in the tropical Indian Ocean during the late boreal summer to early winter of 2019 is examined in terms of coupled ocean–atmosphere dynamics. The patterns of anomalous sea-surface temperature (SST) revealed a typical pIOD characteristic: cooling (warming) in the southea...
Article
The chlorophyll-a (chl) abundances on the Fisheries Management Area of Indonesia Republic (WPP-RI 572), as fishery resources over the western coast of Sumatera (WSC) and Sunda Strait, were examined in this study. The extensive investigation on the mechanism ocean dynamics on chl variability along WSC was observed by using remotely sensed data on th...
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Peatlands in Indonesia are highly flammable during extremely dry seasons and are prone to flooding during extreme rainy seasons. This incident is related to the dynamics of the hydro-climatological parameters of the peatland. In 2019 the IOD+ phenomenon occurred which caused extreme drought and in 2020 there was a La Niña phenomenon that caused abo...
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Plain Language Summary Along the southwestern coastal waters of Java islands in Indonesia, coastal upwelling brings up cold water from below and can cool the ocean surface temperatures. Past studies reported that strong upwelling signals were observed together with the positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) phenomenon. However, it was unclear if and ho...
Article
The research objective was to describe the distribution of phytoplankton community structure and corelated to the physic-chemical parameters at fishing ground, Banyuasin estuarine waters. The methodology of research was phytoplankton sampling; physicochemical waters parameters data collected such as; dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, brightness, s...
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Subsurface chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration variability on Sumatera’s Northwestern coast is part of the phytoplankton biomass that supports and enriches the region’s fisheries supplies. During the 2017 northeast monsoon season from 25th November 25 to 11th December, the Ekspedisi Widya Nusantara (E-WIN) collected data from 16 stations. The findi...
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The termination of Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events is examined in terms of equatorial wave dynamics. In situ and satellite observations combined with an output from a linear wave model are used in this study. Our emphasis is on the 1997 IOD event but our results apply to other positive IOD events as well. We find that the termination of anomalousl...
Chapter
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This chapter assesses changes in weather and climate extremes on regional and global scales, including observed changes and their attribution, as well as projected changes. The extremes considered include temperature extremes, heavy precipitation and pluvial floods, river floods, droughts, storms (including tropical cyclones), as well as compound e...
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Phytoplankton is the primary producer and plays an important role in the food chain process, especially in the oceans. This study aims to describe the phytoplankton distribution and correlations with oceanographic parameters in the deep-sea surface, Sangihe-Talaud, North Sulawesi. Research methodologies include; oceanographic data collection (salin...
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During the extreme dry season of 2019 massive fires broke out on peatlands in South Sumatera. This study examines the dynamics of rainfall and temperature in the peatlands of South Sumatera in the 2019 dry season as one of the fire disaster mitigation efforts. The data used are in situ measurement data by the Peatland Restoration Agency’s measureme...
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Phytoplankton is the most important primary producer in the estuary ecosystem, but its distribution and community structure is strongly affected by the water quality parameters. This study aimed to assess the distribution of phytoplankton abundance in the Musi Estuary waters and its relationship with the environmental parameters. The study was carr...
Article
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The positive phenomenon of Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD +) in 2019 caused an extreme dry season in parts of Indonesia, including in the province of South Sumatera. This caused massive fires on peatlands in South Sumatera. The Government of Indonesia through the Agency for Peat Restoration (BRG) has deployed an integrated equipment system to measure in...
Article
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The macrobentic community in the Musi Estuary is very diverse. However, it has been showing a declining trend recently due to an increase in waste from human activities entering the waters. This study aimed to assess the macrobenthic diversity and community structure and correlated to the water quality parameters of the Musi Estuary, South Sumatra....
Article
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Groundwater level is a parameter that is closely related to fire events in peatlands. The lowering of the groundwater level causes a decrease in soil moisture so that the peatlands become dry and flammable. This study looked for the rate of decline in groundwater levels at 6 locations on peatlands in South Sumatera. The data used are in-situ data f...
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The Indonesian sea is the only low-latitude pathway connecting two tropical oceans, which plays an important role in the coupled ocean-atmosphere mode in the Indo-Pacific sector. A small change in the sea surface temperature (SST) in the Indonesian sea has a significant influence on the precipitation and air-sea heat flux. During the past 33 years,...
Article
We used more than two decades (1997–2019) of satellite-estimated phytoplankton chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a) during September–December time intervals to discern the spatial and temporal changes of phytoplankton biomass in the Indonesian Maritime Continent (IMC) associated with different climatic events. In the IMC coastal areas (except for th...
Article
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The peak time of rainfall occurrence over an area has certain characteristics in which the difference in time and intensity of rainfall varies depending on its location and distance from the sea. This variation can be determined based on the phase and amplitude obtained using harmonic analysis. In this study, combined data from in-situ observation,...
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This research aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of soft corals collected from Maspari waters, South Sumatra, Indonesia for the first time. The study method was as follows; sampling, sample identification, extraction and phytochemical tests, antioxidant activity tests with a determined concentration of 50% (IC50) and HPLC analysis. The res...
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Zooplankton species composition has an important role in the food chain that can be used as a water fertility indicator. It is strongly influenced by physical-chemical parameters, especially in the strait waters due to the discharge of freshwater as well as strong mixing. This study is aimed to analyze zooplankton distribution and diversity, and th...
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The soft coral’s existents of the Maspari Island waters are strongly influenced by the dynamics of the physical-chemical parameters, which the turbidity of this water is reported very high due to is impacted discharge the freshwater masses from the mainland of Sumatra Island. This study aimed to identify the soft coral's species of Maspari Island w...
Article
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An integrated observation system so-called SEnsory data transmission Service Assisted by Midori Engineering laboratory (SESAME) has been deployed in the peatland area of the South Sumatera Province, Indonesia since June 2017. The system directly measures and records the groundwater level, soil moisture, skin temperature and rainfall in the peatland...
Article
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An integrated observation system, so-called SEnsory data transmission Service Assisted by Midori Engineering laboratory (SESAME) has been deployed to measure hydrological and climatological parameters at peatlands of South Sumatera since June 2017. One of the observed hydrological parameters is the Ground Water Level (GWL). This study evaluates the...
Article
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Hydrological and climatological parameters in several locations on peatlands in South Sumatra have been measured directly by a system called Sensory data transmission Service Assisted by Midori Engineering laboratory (SESAME). The parameters are rainfall, temperature, soil moisture, and groundwater level. This research has studied the groundwater l...
Article
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The variation of thermodynamic layers over the south coastal Java are important components associated with high potential fishery in this region. In addition, this area influenced by several ocean-atmosphere coupled interactions, such as Ocean Current System and Indonesian Through Flow (ITF) and Monsoon. This study designed to analyze spatial and t...
Article
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Data of this study was obtained from direct measurement using an integrated observation system namely SE nsory data transmission S ervice A ssisted by M idori E ngineering laboratory (SESAME). The SESAME directly measures and records groundwater levels, soil moisture, skin temperature, and rainfall in peatland areas. There are two SESAME stations w...
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On an interannual time-scale, the Indonesian climate is strongly influenced by the dynamics of Indo-Pacific climate modes. This study aims to investigate the possible impact of different types of El Niño events, namely, typical El Niño and El Niño Modoki, on Indonesian rainfall variability. Seasonal composite analysis was used to evaluate the magni...
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After an extreme 2015/16 El Niño phenomenon, the Pacific Ocean witnessed a La Niña Modoki event, while a strong negative IOD simultaneously took place in the Indian Ocean. The event was weaker in intensity and shorter in time, compared to the similar case in 1998/99. Using the combined monthly sea surface temperature (SST) derived from the Optimum...
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Eddy S, Ridho MR, Iskandar I, Mulyana A. 2019. Species composition and structure of degraded mangrove vegetation in the Air Telang Protected Forest, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2119-2127. Air Telang Protected Forest (ATPF) is one of the protected forests in the coastal area of South Sumatra, Indonesia which is around 12,660.9 hectar...
Article
Long-term satellite data are used to investigate the variability of ocean surface chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration in the Halmahera Sea (HS) under influence of the Australian-Indonesian Monsoon (AIM), the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). In this study, we first analysed the seasonal variability of chl-a, an...
Article
Surface chlorophyll-a (chl-a) variation in the Southeastern Tropical Indian Ocean (SETIO) shows different patterns in response to the various types of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events. Thirteen years of remotely sensed surface chl-a data from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) were used to evaluate interannual surface chl...
Article
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Phytoplankton diversity is one of eutrophication indicator in Maspari island, south Sumatra, but its existence is strongly influenced by the physical-chemical parameters of the waters. This study aims to determine the distribution of phytoplankton diversity and their relationship with physical-chemical parameters in the waters of Maspari island. Th...
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The air-sea interaction in the tropical pacific ocean is a critical to influence climate change around Pacific Ocean and whole of the world. According to that matter, this research is supposed to explain the variations of climate parameters in Pacific Ocean during 2017/2018 as La Niña tendency with using saveral satellite data which consist of: sea...
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Peat fire is one of the environmental disasters occurring widespread during the dry season in South Sumatra. The region has long been recognized to have extensive peatland, hence it is considered as the vulnerable areas to fire. This study employs spatial analysis to evaluate the likely linked factors causing peat fire in the study area. Two intera...
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Peat fire is an annual catastrophic event in Indonesia, particularly in South Sumatra region during the dry season. Several previous studies have suggested that anthropogenic forces (land cover) contribute to peat fires. Analysis of the hotspots distribution on land cover types is needed to address peat fires in the futures. This study is aimed to...
Article
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A series of Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) measurements moored along the equatorial and coastal wave-guide were used to evaluate the dynamics of the South Java Coastal Current (SJCC). 17-month (December 2008 to May 2010) data from the ADCP off South Java give some insights into the dynamics of the SJCC. The data reveal high variability in...
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Mangrove forests are the main ecosystem of life support in coastal areas that have important ecological functions.Although the mangrove forests have many important functions in the coastal areas but excessive used and not oriented to sustainabilitycause degradation of mangrove forest ecosystems. The main cause of mangrove forests degradation in the...
Article
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Evolution of typical positive Indian Ocean Dipole (pIOD) event was dominated by a significant sea-surface temperature (SST) cooling in the south-eastern tropical Indian Ocean. Interestingly, during the evolution of 2015 pIOD event, the SST in the south-eastern tropical Indian Ocean did not reveal significant cooling, instead anomalous strong SST wa...
Article
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The respective influences of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on Indonesian precipitation were evaluated using monthly precipitation data from the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) for January 1948 to December 2013. Simultaneous correlation between seasonal precipitation anomalies and climate indice...
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The southern Sumatera region experiences one rainy season and one dry season in a year associated with seasonal change in monsoonal winds. The peak of rainy season is occurring in November-December-January during the northwest monsoon season, while the dry season comes in June-July-August during the southeast monsoon season. This study is designed...
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In this study, low-cost sensors for air quality monitoring system have been characterized and designed. These sensors are applied in a monitoring system and installed at Sriwijaya University, which is vulnerable to the impacts of forest fires in the surrounding area. This monitoring system will provide information especially for the university comm...
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Precipitation is a highly dynamic process, constantly changing in form and intensity as it passes over a given area. Nowadays, rainfall data required for a wide range of scientific applications can be achieved through meteorological satellites. However, the satellite data require a validation by comparing with in-situ. This study is designed to eva...
Article
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The variability of surface chlorophyll-a (chl-a) distributions in the northwestern coast of Sumatra are important components associated with the phytoplankton biomass that supports and enrich the fishery resources of the region. This study analyzes satellite data-ocean color derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Aqu...