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Introduction
Impact of perinatal nutrition (maternal nutrition during gestation, infant nutrition during the early postnatal weeks) on gut-brain axis development
Current institution
Current position
- Research Director
Publications
Publications (272)
Human milk (HM) microbiota is increasingly studied for its potential health benefits. However, the physiological state of HM bacteria and consequently their effects on gut homeostasis remain a question. This study investigated the physiological state of the HM microbiota by characterizing its cultivable fraction as it might be at the point of inges...
Introduction
Crohn’s disease (CD) results from alterations in the gut microbiota and the immune system. However, the exact metabolic dysfunctions of the gut microbiota during CD are still unclear. Here, we investigated metagenomic functions using PICRUSt2 during the course of CD to better understand microbiota-related disease mechanisms and provide...
The contribution of Human milk (HM) microbiota to infant gut health was addressed by evaluating the effects of HM bacteria combined in two synthetic communities (SynComs, with an in vitro characterized anti-inflammatory (AI) or high immunomodulatory (HI) profile) on systemic and ileal immune cell functions, gut epithelial barrier and microbiota. Ne...
Human milk (HM) microbiota is increasingly studied for its potential health benefits. However, the physiological state of HM bacteria and consequently their effects on gut homeostasis remain a question. This study investigated the physiological state of the HM microbiota by characterizing its cultivable fraction, as it might be at the point of inge...
The composition of the gut microbiota is a known factor in various diseases and has proven to be a strong basis for automatic classification of disease state. A need for a better understanding of microbiota data on the functional scale has since been voiced, as it would enhance these approaches’ biological interpretability. In this paper, we have d...
The composition of the gut microbiota is a known factor in various diseases, and has proven to be a strong basis for automatic classification of disease state. A need for a better understanding of this community on the functional scale has since been voiced, as it would enhance these approaches' biological interpretability. In this paper, we have d...
Breast milk composition is influenced by maternal diet. This study aimed to evaluate if supplementation of maternal diet with a prebiotic fibre, through its potential effect on milk composition, can be a leverage to orientate the gut microbiota of infants in a way that would be beneficial for their health. Twelve sows received a diet supplemented w...
The human milk (HM) microbiota, a highly diverse microbial ecosystem, is thought to contribute to the health benefits associated with breastfeeding, notably through its impact on infant gut microbiota. Our objective was to further explore the role of HM bacteria on gut homeostasis through a “disassembly/reassembly” strategy. HM strains covering the...
Infant formula (IF) is a complex matrix requiring numerous ingredients and processing steps. The objective was to understand how the quality of protein ingredients impacts IF structure and, in turn, their kinetics of digestion. Four powdered IFs (A/B/C/D), based on commercial whey protein (WP) ingredients, with different protein denaturation levels...
Background:
Infant formula (IF) has to provide at least the same amount of amino acids (AAs) as human milk (HM). AA digestibility in HM and IF was not studied extensively, with no data existing for tryptophan digestibility.
Objective:
The present study aimed to measure the true ileal digestibility (TID) of total nitrogen and AAs in HM and IF to...
Background & aims:
In most cases, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) is an efficient intervention to lose weight, change eating behavior and improve metabolic outcomes in obese patients. We hypothesized that weight loss induced by RYGBP in obese Yucatan minipigs would induce specific modifications of the gut-brain axis and neurocognitive responses t...
The ghrelin-ghrelin receptor (GHSR1) system is one of the most important mechanisms regulating food intake and energy balance. To be fully active, ghrelin is acylated with medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) through the ghrelin-O-acetyl transferase (GOAT). Several studies reported an impact of dietary MCFA on ghrelin acylation in adults. Our study aime...
Early nutrition plays a dominant role in infant development and health. It is now understood that the infant diet impacts the gut microbiota and its relationship with gut function and brain development. However, its impact on the microbiota-gut-brain axis has not been studied in an integrative way. The objective here was to evaluate the effects of...
Performing the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) in obese Yucatan minipigs provides an opportunity to explore the mechanisms behind the effects of this surgery in controlled environmental and nutritional conditions. We hypothesized that RYGBP in these minipigs would induce changes at multiple levels, as in obese humans. We sought to characterize RYG...
Gut microbiota and the central nervous system have parallel developmental windows during pre and post-natal life. Increasing evidences suggest that intestinal dysbiosis in preterm infants predisposes the neonate to adverse neurological outcomes later in life. Understanding the link between gut microbiota colonization and brain development to tailor...
The assembly of the newborn's gut microbiota during the first months of life is an orchestrated process resulting in specialized microbial ecosystems in the different gut compartments. This process is highly dependent upon environmental factors, and many evidences suggest that early bacterial gut colonization has long-term consequences on host dige...
Breast milk is the gold standard in neonatal nutrition, but most infants are fed infant formulas in which lipids are usually of plant origin. The addition of dairy lipids and/or milk fat globule membrane extracts in formulas improves their composition with beneficial consequences on protein and lipid digestion. The probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum...
The intestinal immune system of the neonatal piglet acquires structural and functional competences during the first months of postnatal life. Passive, innate and adaptive immune systems confer appropriate protection from harmful pathogens along with tolerance to ubiquitous dietary antigens and microbiota. The intestinal immune and non-immune barrie...
The early life period is crucial for the maturation of the intestinal barrier, its immune system, and a lifelong beneficial host-microbiota interaction. The study aims to assess the impact of a beneficial dietary (short-chain fructooligosaccharides, scFOS) supplementation vs. a detrimental dietary environment (such as mycotoxin deoxynivalenol, DON)...
Introduction et but de l’étude
Le glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) et le peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY) sont deux hormones intestinales impliquées dans la régulation du comportement alimentaire et du métabolisme. Elles sont secrétées en présence d’acides gras à chaîne courte (AGCC) produits par le microbiote intestinal et sont des acteurs majeurs d...
Introduction
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY) are two main intestinal hormones regulating food behavior and metabolism. Their secretion is triggered by short chain fatty acids (SCFA) produced by the intestinal microbiota and they take a great part in the so-called microbiota-gut-brain axis. However, despite the in...
Introduction
The ghrelin-ghrelin receptor system is one of the most important mechanisms regulating food intake, energy balance and metabolism. Despite the growing interest on nutritional programming of eating disorders, post-natal development of the ghrelin system is currently poorly explored. Moreover, to be fully active, ghrelin must be acylated...
Introduction
The pig is a good model for human nutrition research, especially in the neonatal period. Our objective was to validate behavioral tests and get reference values on various components of eating behavior in young minipigs.
Methods
After 1 week of habituation to 2% sucrose standard (STD) or 20% sucrose (HS) isocaloric pig diets, feed pre...
The intestinal immune system of the neonatal piglet acquires structural and functional competences during the first months of postnatal life. Passive, innate and adaptive immune systems confer appropriate protection from harmful pathogens along with tolerance to ubiquitous dietary antigens and microbiota. The intestinal immune and non-immune barrie...
Discipline
Expérimental/mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires.
Introduction et but de l’étude
Rapprocher les préparations pour nourrissons (PPN) du lait maternel, d’un point de vue fonctionnel, constitue un enjeu majeur pour optimiser la santé des nourrissons qui ne sont pas allaités par leur mère. La structure et la composition très particulière...
Résumé
Le lait de femme est l’aliment le mieux adapté aux besoins du nouveau-né. Il est ainsi l’aliment de référence tant du point de vue de sa composition nutritionnelle que de celui de ses propriétés fonctionnelles, pour améliorer la formulation des préparations pour nourrissons (PPN). L’incorporation dans les PPN de matière grasse provenant de l...
Introduction et but de l’étude
L’alimentation du nouveau-né joue un rôle déterminant dans la mise en place du microbiote intestinal et de ses interactions avec l’hôte, conditionnant la santé du futur adulte. Nous avons précédemment montré que l’incorporation de matière grasse laitière (MGL) associée ou non au probiotique Lactobacillus fermentum CEC...
Clinical and animal studies have demonstrated beneficial effects of early consumption of dairy lipids and a probiotic, Lactobacillus fermentum (Lf), on infant gut physiology. The objective of this study was to investigate their long-term effects on gut microbiota and host entero-insular axis and metabolism. Piglets were suckled with a milk formula...
Perinatal nutrition programs physiologic and metabolic functions, with consequences on the susceptibility to develop metabolic diseases in adulthood. The microbiota represents a key factor of such programming. We investigated whether perinatal prebiotic [short‐chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS)] supplementation improved adult metabolic health in...
This study explores the long-term effects of exposure to a maternal Western diet (WD) vs. standard diet (SD) in the Yucatan minipig, on the adult progeny at lean status ( n = 32), and then overweight status. We investigated eating behavior, cognitive abilities, brain basal glucose metabolism, dopamine transporter availability, microbiota activity,...
Human breast milk (HBM) is the gold standard for the early nutrition of the neonates. The best way to improve infant formulas (IFs) is to mimic both the composition and the structure of HBM components. Supplementation of IF with dairy lipids or bovine milk components such as milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), in partial replacement of plant oils tha...
PurposeAlthough composition of infant formula has been significantly improved during the last decade, major differences with the composition and structure of breast milk still remain and might affect nutrient digestion and gut biology. We hypothesized that the incorporation of dairy fat in infant formulas could modify their physiological impacts by...
Early nutrition may have long-lasting metabolic impacts in adulthood. Even though breast milk is the gold standard, most infants are at least partly formula-fed. Despite obvious improvements, infant formulas remain perfectible to reduce the gap between breastfed and formula-fed infants. Improvements such as reducing the protein content, modulating...
Colloque « Alimentation périnatale, alimentation des séniors: spécificités, impact du microbiote », organisé le 28 mars 2018 à Paris
La consommation de fructo-oligosaccharides à chaines courtes (scFOS) par les truies avant la naissance des porcelets et pendant la lactation, a un impact bénéfique durable sur la santé des jeunes. Les scFOS stimulent le développement des fonctions immunitaires et de défense de l'intestin et renforcent la réponse à un challenge bactérien. Par Jacque...
Background
Maturity of intestinal functions is critical for neonatal health and survival, but comprehensive description of mechanisms underlying intestinal maturation that occur during late gestation still remain poorly characterized. The aim of this study was to investigate biological processes specifically involved in intestinal maturation by com...
In humans, early high protein (HP) intake has been recommended to prevent postnatal growth restriction and complications of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). However, the impact of such a strategy on the kidneys remains unknown, while significant renal hypertrophy, proteinuria, and glomerular sclerosis have been demonstrated in few experiment...
A suboptimal early nutritional environment (i.e., excess of energy, sugar, and fat intake) can increase susceptibility to diseases and neurocognitive disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate in nonobese Yucatan minipigs (Sus scrofa) the impact of maternal diet [standard diet (SD) vs. Western diet (WD)]duringgestation and 25 d of lact...
Prebiotic supplementation modulates immune system development and function. However, less is known about the effects of maternal prebiotic consumption on offspring intestinal defences and immune system responsiveness. We investigated the effects of maternal short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (scFOS) supplementation on mucin-secreting cells, ileal s...
Early-life microbial exposure is of particular importance to growth, immune system development and long-lasting health. Hence, early microbiota composition is a promising predictive biomarker for health and disease but still remains poorly characterized in regards to susceptibility to diarrhoea. In the present study, we aimed to assess if gut bacte...
Experimental design.
Four piglets/litter and five litters were selected. At postnatal day (PND) 21, piglets were weaned and transferred to another experimental unit and raised in poor housing conditions to challenge their susceptibility to digestive disorders. Pigs were a posteriori divided into 2 groups, diarrhoeic (D) and healthy (H) pigs, accord...
Expression of MUC13 genes in colon of D and H pigs.
The PCR amplification of the Indel region in intron 2 of MUC13 resulted in an amplicon size of 151 or 83 bp for MUC13 A and MUC13 B, respectively. Diarrhoeic, D; H, healthy.
(TIF)
Differential abundance of predicted KEGG pathways.
Imputed bacterial functional activity in H pigs compared to D pigs at PND 7 (PICRUSt analysis).
(XLSX)
Example of a CE-SSCP profile.
The area of discrete peaks (in red) represents the relative abundance of different phylotypes. Their number assesses the richness. The relative abundance of peaks and the richness are used to assess the diversity and evenness of the fecal bacterial community.
(TIF)
Culture-dependent quantitation of Enterobacteriaceae.
Correlation between fecal Enterobacteriaceae abundance (CFU/g of fecal dried matter) and the percentage of fecal dried matter at PND 30 (a), PND 38 (b) and PND 47 (c).
(TIF)
Differential OTU abundances between H vs D groups using the Univariate Exact-test (R package edgeR) analysis.
Diarrhoeic, D; H, healthy.
(XLSX)
Occurence of H and D pigs per litter.
(XLSX)
sPLS-DA classification models of H and D pigs.
Assessment of performances of the first sPLS–DA classification model (S3.1, S3.2, S3.3 and S3.4 Table) and the second sPLS–DA classification model with the most stable OTUs from the first sPLS-DA (S3.5 and S3.6 Table). Diarrhoeic, D; H, healthy.
(XLSX)
Mean (parametric t test) and median (non-parametric Mann-Whitney test) differences between H and D pigs.
Tested variables were body weight, daily weight gain, colostrum intake, food efficiency, bacterial diversity (Simpson index) and evenness (Equitability index), and abundance of Lactobacillus, Enterobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes at diffe...
Sequences of primer sets.
(PDF)
Canonical correlations between discriminant OTUs in H or D groups and predicted KEGG pathways at PND 7.
Positive and negative correlations with |Coefficient of correlation| > 0.5 were highlighted in red or green, respectively.
(XLSX)
Correlation matrix of sPLS regression between abundances of Bacteroidetes at PND 30 and PND 38 and Enterobacteriaceae at PND30, and discriminant OTUs at PND 7.
The corresponding heatmap is presented in Fig 8.
(XLSX)
The human gastrointestinal tract hosts more than 100 trillion bacteria whose metabolic functions and effects upon the host are not fully understood. Substantial amounts of undigested dietary protein or peptides but also of endogenous protein travel along the small intestine, reach the ileum and enter the colon every day. These substrates are availa...
L’incorporation de matière grasse laitière (MGL) dans les formules infantiles (FI) permet de se rapprocher des conséquences physiologiques de l’allaitement maternel en termes de digestion des protéines, physiologie de l’intestin et composition du microbiote intestinal dans un modèle porcin. Si les bénéfices de cette incorporation ont été démontrés...
Objectives and study: Microbiota is known to be positively influenced by breastfeeding. Differences in the quality and structure of dietary lipids between maternal milk and infant formulas may contribute to microbiota modification. Incorporation of milk fat in infant formulas is a promising way to get closer to the composition and structure of huma...
Objectives and study: Microbiota is known to be positively influenced by breastfeeding. Differences in the quality and structure of dietary lipids between maternal milk and infant formulas may contribute to microbiota modification. Incorporation of milk fat in infant formulas is a promising way to get closer to the composition and structure of huma...
The present review examines the pig as a model for physiological studies in human subjects related to nutrient sensing, appetite regulation, gut barrier function, intestinal microbiota and nutritional neuroscience. The nutrient-sensing mechanisms regarding acids (sour), carbohydrates (sweet), glutamic acid (umami) and fatty acids are conserved betw...
Prenatal and early postnatal life determines future health, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) - associated low birth weight predisposes to metabolic syndrome in adulthood. We hypothesize here that IUGR might induce hormonal and gene expression alterations predisposing to metabolic disease. Using a porcine model of spontaneous IUGR, we dete...
The first epidemiological studies showing a link between low birth weight and chronic diseases in adults did not distinguish the origins of low birth weight. A low birth weight may be the result of a premature birth. It can also be caused by an intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). A child can be both preterm and IUGR. It is clear now that premat...
Dietary Protein and Colonic Microbiota: Molecular Aspects
Gut development is a phenomenon that starts early during the foetal period and continues during the first months of postnatal life. Structural and functional competences acquired during prenatal development prepare the foetus for extra-uterine life and adaptation to nutritional and microbial challenges. The development of the mucosal immune system...
Development of gut and gut-associated lymphoid tissues in piglets. Role of
maternal environment
Development of gut and gut-associated lymphoid tissues in piglets. Role of
maternal environment
![Table 2 . Evolution of mature milk volume and composition [30]](profile/Stephanie-Ferret-Bernard/publication/281404757/figure/tbl1/AS:670428850819080@1536854102226/Evolution-of-mature-milk-volume-and-composition-30_Q320.jpg)
Human milk is generally recognized as the gold standard in neonatal nutrition. The structure and
composition of human milk are better mimicked in infant formulas that include cow’s milk lipids and
milk fat membrane extracts, which could also improve physiological properties. Nevertheless, very few infant formulas use cow’s milk lipids that are more...
Development of gut and gut-associated lymphoid tissues in piglets: role of maternal environment
Peripartum nutrition is crucial for developing the immune system of neonates. We hypothesized that maternal short-chain fructooligosaccharide (scFOS) supplementation could accelerate the development of intestinal immunity in offspring. Thirty-four sows received a standard or a scFOS supplemented diet (10 g scFOS/d) for the last 4 weeks of gestation...
Dietary peptides are absorbed along the intestine through peptide transporter 1 (PepT-1) which is highly responsive to dietary protein level. PepT-1 is also involved in gut homeostasis, both initiating and resolving inflammation. Low-birth-weight (LBW) neonates are routinely fed a high-protein (HP) formula to enhance growth. However, the influence...
Human milk is generally recognized as the gold stallion in neonatal nutrition. Structure, composition and physiological properties of Human milk are better mimicked in infant formulas that include milk lipids and milk fat membrane extracts although very few infant formulae use milk lipids more expensive than vegetable lipids. Two formulas based on...
The interfacial quality of emulsions impacts their digestibility. Infant formulas are stabilized by milk proteins and non-dairy tensioactives whereas Human milk is stabilized by a native membrane based on Milk Polar Lipids (MPL) and proteins. The addition of MPL in infant formulas seems a clever approach to closely mimic Human milk natural interfac...
Gut microflora is acknowledged as a major contributor to Health whatever the physiological stage. In the neonatal period, microbial colonization of the infant gut is essential for the development of the intestinal and immune systems. The profile of intestinal microbiota is influenced by genetics and environment, including the route of delivery and...
Les acides gras polyinsaturés (AGPI) n-3 ont des effets bénéfiques au cours du développement et modulent la réponse immunitaire. Les effets d’une supplémentation maternelle enrichie en AGPI n-3 sur le développement fonctionnel de l’intestin et du système immunitaire associé du nouveau-né sont cependant peu connus. Il a récemment été prouvé qu’une s...
