Isabel María García Sánchez

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• Full Professor of Accounting - Universidad de Salamanca
• Professor (Full) at University of Salamanca

The chapter aims to provide a comprehensive view of current practices on diversity, equity, and inclusion in family firms and tries to develop some suggestions for future research to improve the awareness of the importance of these virtuous practices. A systematic literature review is conducted on the Scopus database. The final sample is subject to...

Multinational companies are increasingly under pressure to integrate decarbonisation into their business models as a sign of climate leadership and as a strategy for their long-term value. Institutional investors play a key role in this, both directly, by influencing the adoption of decarbonisation strategies, and indirectly, by promoting climate...

A Chief Executive Officer (CEO) holds key responsibilities, including directing strategies, making crucial decisions, and leading the firm toward achieving its objectives. The success or failure of a company largely depends on its leadership and its commitment to sustainability, which are closely tied to the personalities of its key players. Our b...

This paper presents a study on how corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies create value amongst family and non-family firms. Additionally, in our study, we considered the moderating effect of independent directors on the relationship between CSR and firm value. Based on data drawn from companies operating in 61 countries over an 11-year pe...

The 2015 Paris Agreement established an international commitment to limit global warming to 1.5°C, which requires climate neutrality through deep cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. In pursuit of this goal, companies worldwide are adopting decarbonization strategies that are increasingly aligned with principles of transparency and accountability. Thi...

Based on the idea that an organization’s morphology influences its response to pressures, this study aims to understand what drives companies to disclose material information about their impacts on labour and human rights (LHR) in response to social and regulatory pressures. This study posits that a substantive internalization of respect for human...

This chapter brings the development and results of a bibliometric analysis carried out with scientific articles published in Top Journals between 1992 and 2023, to identify what scientific studies have been discovering about the relationship between narcissistic CEOs and corporate sustainable performance. Identifying this relationship sheds light o...

Purpose-The 2030 Agenda represents a unique and historic opportunity to achieve sustainable development by establishing high-priority issues to be addressed, such as the eradication of extreme poverty, the reduction of inequalities, and inclusive economic growth with decent work for all. This study aims to analyze the commitment of the world's lead...

The importance of introducing a new sustainable development paradigm to safeguard the entire planet is now undisputed. One of the tools aiming to respond to this need consists of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) contained within the 2030 Agenda. Businesses play a crucial role in achieving these objectives and must prove themselves to be act...

The fight against climate change and the energy transition requires significant business transformations and changes. In this sense, the information that companies report on their energy strategy is essential to understand and value business interest and efforts to contribute to the protection of ecosystems and human life on the planet. In this reg...

Emerging economies are often more vulnerable to the impacts of global warming, experiencing devastating floods and a collapse in agricultural production. This study, under the lens of resource dependence theory, aims to determine the role of climate governance and growth opportunities in driving the adoption of climate change mitigation initiatives...

The circular economy paradigm demands immediate and significant adjustments and changes in management and production business processes to maintain adequate to good ecosystem conditions for the use and development of human life. In this context, we analysed the impact of female leadership in the business environment and its relationship with the co...

The agri‐food industry has a positive impact on society, providing a sustainable and high‐quality food source for the world's population. However, this industry has a significant impact on the environment, which is essential to know and understand. In this article, we explore the importance of the circular transition in the agri‐food industry and a...

The sustainable development goals (SDGs) are a guide for caring for the planet, guaranteeing the fundamental rights of its inhabitants and shaping sustainable economic growth. In the current context, characterised by great challenges and geopolitical conflicts, the figure of the CEO is key to driving the necessary transformation of companies and th...

La Directiva (UE) 2022/2464 pretende consolidar y perfeccionar los avances en materia de transparencia corporativa logrados por la Directiva (UE) 2014/95 estableciendo un conjunto de iniciativas orientadas a equiparar la información sobre sostenibilidad con la información financiera garantizando el acceso digital a datos comparables y fiables por p...

Equality, equity, and nondiscrimination are core human rights and prerequisites for peace, prosperity, and sustainability that require the commitment of all actors. They have received considerable attention from the European Union, leading to the development of a regulatory framework aimed at promoting gender diversity and the disclosure of informa...

Objective: To analyse the impact of companies’ commitment to the production and distribution of environmental products on the winning of sustainability awards, and whether it is affected by the effects of the crisis and uncertainty caused by the Covid-19 pandemic and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Methodology: Based on a sample of 718 companies f...

The effort to close the gender gaps in employment is one of the priorities worldwide to help address the disparity that exists between men and women in terms of rights and opportunities and to grow the economy in a sustainable way. Several academics and international organizations are interested in understanding its evolution, as well as the reason...

The need to develop environmentally respectful business activities has led academics to propose the circular economy (CE) as a more sustainable production and consumption model than the linear model, where interest groups demand greater disclosure of information that makes it possible to evaluate the business transition towards the CE. Also, the pl...

Population growth and greater global interconnection require a profound transformation in how we produce, consume, and manage natural resources. In this sense, the circular transition of the agricultural and livestock sectors is vital to guarantee adequate production without compromising the availability of resources for future generations. In this...

Purpose: For almost half a century, society has been aware of the existence of a glass ceiling, a term that describes the invisible barriers that hinder women’s access to power positions despite having equal or greater qualifications, skills and merits than their male counterparts. Nowadays, although there are signs of slow progress, women are stil...

Through multivariate data analysis, this research aims to study the current commitment of agricultural and livestock companies in Castilla y León to the mitigation of their negative environmental impacts and whether it is conditioned by their resources and capabilities, through the implementation of clean technologies. Agricultural and livestock pr...

In addressing the challenges of climate change (CC), companies face the difficult task of reconciling long-term environmental goals and short-term financial interests. In this paper, we argue that that effective climate governance enables companies to balance both objectives, supporting a business case for CC action. For a sample of 832 multination...

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el efecto de la estructura del consejo de administración en la relevancia, normalización, fiabilidad e integridad de la información en materia de diversidad e inclusión que divulgan las principales compañías europeas. Los resultados obtenidos para un panel de datos de 189 multinacionales europeas durante el p...

All industries depend on natural capital assets and ecosystem services, either directly, through their supply chains, or through their investments. Companies are therefore challenged to reorient their production systems and turn the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity into an opportunity for sustainable economic development. In this pa...

Eco‐innovation strategies are essential elements for companies developing core competencies in the circular economy model. The academic world has begun to study the knowledge of these business decisions, and there is incipient literature on the subject. In this context, this paper aims to contribute to the current knowledge on the impact of eco‐inn...

Tax transparency is often associated with standardized reporting. Among the goals of the 2030 agenda, goal 12.6 encourages organizations to adopt sustainable practices and integrate sustainability information into their reporting cycle. The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) published the GRI 207- Tax (2019), aiming to increase transparency and acco...

El objetivo de este trabajo es el análisis de la divulgación de información sobre diversidad e inclusión en los estados de información no financiera o de sostenibilidad para una muestra de empresas europeas con el objetivo de determinar las estrategias divulgativas de las compañías en relación con la materialidad de la información divulgada, medida...

This study analyses the impact of investment in climate change mitigation innovations and technologies on companies, both from a financial and reputational viewpoint, as well as in terms of their environmental performance. We also investigate the moderating effect of institutional investors on the relationship between climate change mitigation inve...

This document, through a systematic review of academic papers, presents a comprehensive and synthetic proposal that compiles, on the one hand, the prevailing macho, misogynistic and phallocentric obstacles and stereotypes at the family, social and work level between the eighteenth and twentieth centuries and that had an impact on the accounting pro...

In periods of crisis, companies face a financial reality that forces them to decide whether to maintain their commitment to sustainability or prioritize their financial returns. The study of what happened during the COVID-19 pandemic is vital, given the hard blow it has implied for business and, consequently, for employment. Thus, this paper seeks...

Against the background of the debate on the social reporting-social performance link, this article aims to analyse the influence of social disclosures on social performance. Specifically, we analyse the effect of the voluntary disclosure of standardised indicators regarding labour practices and human rights on corporate social performance. A Tobit...

There is a significant gender gap in accounting academia that places women at a disadvantage in terms of recruitment, hiring, promotion, tenure, status, high-level areas or positions (both research and administrative), burden distribution of work, and remuneration. Women are disproportionately represented in part-time or non-tenure tracks, such as...

The European Union has made the fight against climate change and the achievement of a sustainable economy political priorities. To promote the ecological transition of companies and corporate transparency, a broad regulatory framework has been developed. This paper analyses the effect of institutional pressures derived from this regulatory framewor...

This paper responds to recent calls to study the role that board gender diversity plays in shaping corporate responses to climate change. It examines whether female board representation is associated with greater climate change innovation and whether its effect is determined by the presence of a greater number of independent female directors or the...

From a business perspective, the health and socioeconomic effects of the COVID-19 have affected a firm's stakeholders to a different extent, making it necessary for them to develop sustainable initiatives that allow them to meet their needs. Decisions must be made and implemented in a recessionary environment in which companies debate whether it is...

Based on a sample of 4,089 multinational companies over the period 2015–2018, this study analyses the role that women leaders play in relation to the implementation of sustainability strategies to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and whether this role depends on the proportion of female presence in management teams. The results sho...

Companies integrate Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in their sustainability reports for various reasons. This paper examines whether and how imitation and competitive pressures drive the SDG reporting in an international context. Drawing on institutional theory and employing data collected from 36 countries over 6 years (from 2015 to 2020), we...

Knowledge of the initiatives that companies are promoting to curb climate change and the impacts resulting from these activities require the disclosure of relevant information that can be used by stakeholders in their decision-making processes. The objective of this work is to complement previous studies by analysing the effect and type of relation...

This paper analyses the current state and the dynamic evolution of corporate transparency practices in relation to the 2030 Agenda in the context of stakeholder engagement. Considering six key stakeholder groups and 53 information items related to business actions aligned with the 2030 Agenda, data from 5908 companies worldwide corresponding to the...

Environmental sustainability represents a business challenge that draws the attention of multidisciplinary and multicultural researchers. This study presents a comprehensive picture of the most relevant research on corporate governance and environmental sustainability since 1991. Through a bibliometric analysis of 233 articles retrieved from the Sc...

Spanish legislation on gender quotas in electoral candidate lists implies the effective incorporation of women into politics. This measure has created interest in the impact of this law on public service management (substantive representation), especially welfare services. This is due to the influence these services have on work-life balance. Hence...

The objective of this research is to determine the impact that sustainability assurance services have on corporate reputation and stakeholder engagement, delving into the differentiating effect of certain attributes of the assurer and the quality level of the assurance. After an initial exploratory analysis in which the added value that the assuran...

The purpose of this article is threefold. Firstly, it is aimed at ascertaining whether, in seeking social legitimization, companies disclose CSR information as a response to mimetic pressures. Secondly, it ascertains whether, by seeking economic legitimization, companies with superior CSR performance disclose CSR information to differentiate themse...

Media coverage of abuse and human rights violations throughout global corporations’ value chains has focused stakeholders’ attention on these events leading global corporations to insert the human rights agenda into their social responsibility politics. Using media agenda setting theory and legitimacy theory, this paper focuses on the five largest...

The objective of this paper was to determine the impact produced by Directive 2014/95/EU on companies’ decisions regarding the assurance of non‐financial information statements and the quality parameters under which this service is contracted. Following an analysis based on institutional theory, the results obtained for the reports issued by an int...

Considering the key role that companies must play to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), this paper aims to analyze the effect of the presence of two types of institutional investors (governments and pension funds) in large companies' ownership structure on the alignment of their sustainability strategy towards the 2030 Agenda as well...

Stakeholder dialogue is considered a key component of companies’ corporate social responsibility strategy with the aim to discover stakeholders’ demands, expectations, and their view of the firms. Based on the stakeholder theory, this paper aims to deepen the knowledge about stakeholder dialogue by analyzing how firms conduct the dialogue with five...

This paper analyses the strategies implemented by listed Spanish companies that are leaders in their industrial environments to inform shareholders and the public about their circular economy projects. It uses content and textual approaches through the factorial correspondence analysis of all the information about the circular economy presented on...

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to analyse the role played by institutional investors in a firm’s decision to hire sustainability assurance services and to determine the benefits of sustainability assurance for the functioning of the capital market. This analysis is complemented by examining the quality of the sustainability assurance servic...

Sustainable product innovation is a key issue facing agri-food companies to maintain and increase their competitiveness. Based on a sample of 320 international agri-food companies for the period 2002–2017, this paper analyzes the role that ownership structure and capital structure play with regard to sustainable product innovation as well as whethe...

This paper presents an examination of the joint impact of board structural elements at firm level and financial analysts as market-level corporate governance (CG) on corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance. Our study contributes to the CG-CSR literature by adopting the bundling approach, a perspective that has recently attracted researche...

The objective of this study is to examine the role that the specialized committees, created within the board of directors, and the auditor play in relation to the hiring of a non-fnancial information assurance service and in relation to the choices of the assurance provider for such non-fnancial information. Specifcally, this study analyses the efe...

The circular economy encompasses a sustainable economic model based on a production, consumption, distribution and maintenance process that reuses as much as possible. In this research, the two-step composite Circular Economy Business Index was created, based on 17 environmental practices that companies have implemented to reduce the generation of...

Recent research shows the existence of a selective corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure strategy that creates a gap between CSR disclosure and actual performance. These CSR decoupling practices compromise the credibility of CSR reports and have triggered a demand for the adoption of credibility enhancement mechanisms, such as adherence...

Background The pandemic generated by Covid-19 has changed the way of life of citizens around the world in a short time, affecting all areas of society directly or indirectly, which is facing a global health crisis with different national responses implemented by governments. Several months into the pandemic, the first after-effects of Covid-19 are...

This document, through a systematic review of academic papers, presents a comprehensive and synthetic proposal that compiles, on the one hand, the prevailing macho, misogynistic and phallocentric obstacles and stereotypes at the family, social and work level between the eighteenth and twentieth centuries and that had an impact on the accounting pro...

Gender equality is the future towards which society and companies have to move, and it is thus essential to know what efforts organisations are making. In this paper, we analyse the transparency of multinationals in matters of gender, in accordance with the requirements determined by the global reporting initiative (GRI) and United Nations (UN). Th...

In response to recent calls about the need to improve the current understanding of what drives SDG reporting, this paper analyzes the individual and joint effect of a broad array of factors on the integration of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) into the non‐financial information system. Using a sample made up of 1535 international companies...

This paper uses a sample of 1243 international firms for the period 2013–2017 to analyse the effect that a greater presence of women in management teams has on business behaviour in relation to labour and human rights, and the mediating role of improved performance in these rights on corporate transparency. The results show that gender diversity in...

This article analyzes the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) decoupling and financial market outcomes. CSR decoupling refers to the gap between CSR disclosure and CSR performance. More specifically, we analyze the effect of CSR decoupling on analysts’ forecast errors, cost of capital, and access to finance. We also examine t...

This research reviews the corporate social responsibility disclosure literature based on 330 articles that appeared between 2000 and 2019 in the 36 main journals in the Thomson Reuters InCities Journal Citation Reports categories of Business, Finance (Accounting), Management, Ethics and others related to Environmental Sciences/Planning and Developm...

This article examines the effects of various internal (board independence, gender diversity, and specialized sustainability committee) and external (analysts' coverage and institutional ownership) corporate governance mechanisms on firms' decision to purchase external assurance for their corporate social responsibility (CSR) report. Using an intern...

The COVID-19 pandemic has had serious health, social and economic consequences. In this difficult context, companies are called upon to implement corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities to support society and the weakest individuals. This study examines how Spanish companies have supported society and vulnerable individuals through partner...

Aim of study: This paper determines the preferences for debt or equity ‒ common stock and self-financing ‒ that are shown by agri-food companies to finance innovation investment strategies and identify the monitoring role that third-party funding providers can play. Area of study: A sample of 41,109 Spanish SMEs (364,020 observations). Material a...

El informe económico titulado EL SECTOR AGROALIMENTARIO ESPAÑOL EN CIFRAS es un estudio técnico orientado a analizar con profundidad la situación del sector agroalimentario español desde un punto de vista estático y dinámico, en especial, lo relativo a las políticas de financiación e inversión que conforman la estrategia corporativa y determinan el...

In recent years, the correct representation of environmental performance has become increasingly important. In light of this, in the academic field, numerous researchers have examined the level and quality of environmental disclosure. However, in the context of studies relating to the determinants of environmental disclosure, little attention has b...

Academic literature has begun to be interested in the informational gaps between what companies say and do in relation to their financial performance and their commitment to society and the environment, identifying the use of self-protection and self-enhancement strategies before their interest groups. In this research, based on a statistical analy...

In recent years, the correct representation of environmental performance has become increasingly important. In light of this, in the academic field, numerous researchers have examined the level and quality of environmental disclosure. However, in the context of studies relating to the determinants of environmental disclosure, little attention has b...

Eco‐innovation and eco‐design strategies are associated with firms' innovation capabilities. Moreover, they may impact on access to public subsidies and on financial performance. In this respect, the agri‐food industry is especially vulnerable, because in general, this sector has less experience of technological innovation, and managers are more li...

The commitment of governments to sustainable development was materialised in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and later in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the latter being a more ambitious project that positions local governments as the main agents for its implementation. With the aim of improving the sustainability of cities, this...

This paper has two main aims. Firstly, we examine whether, given a critical mass of female board members, their presence has a different effect on the firm’s CSR practices according to its family or non-family nature. We then consider whether the moderating role of the institutional environment in Latin America enhances the role of female directors...

Companies are fully aware of the importance of including the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in their corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies, and of the importance of ensuring that the information disclosed allows groups to be identified. The business contribution to the 2030 Agenda is of interest, as it entails an accurate represent...

Do family firms care more for different stakeholders than nonfamily firms when operating in a hostile business environment? This study addresses this question and fills the existing void in family business research. It shows that family-controlled firms adopt corporate social responsibility strategies and balance the demands of internal and externa...

A bibliometric and bibliographic review was carried out to determine the effect that gender diversity in a board of directors has on the level of business commitment to sustainable development and stakeholder engagement through the dissemination of social and environmental information. The review included 89 articles published in the 66 most presti...

The health, economic, and social consequences of the SARS-CoV-2 virus have highlighted the need for collaboration among all agents to face a scenario that we have not before seen. The aims of this paper are to analyze the involvement that large Spanish companies have shown during the toughest moments of the epidemic and to determine the objectives...

Purpose This study aims to analyse the role that the chief executive officer (CEO) has on integrated reporting (IR) adoption and whether this role is moderated by incentives to promote corporate transparency, including information asymmetry problems and financial constraints. IR represents the last frontier of corporate disclosure and aims to repre...

The crisis connected to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic represents an epochal event destined to generate strong economic and social consequences. The impact of the pandemic on business activities and business models also entails rethinking reporting practices. The pandemic has, in fact, created an enormous need for investors and stakeholders in...

This paper aims to determine the role that the different institutional investors play in promoting eco-innovation, focusing on the analysis of the corrective or enhancing effect that can be derived from ownership dispersion related to the participation in a company's stock capital of institutional investors with different time horizons. The results...

We analyze the association between managerial ability in banks and three different typologies of investments that demand significant resources: capital, research and development (R&D), and acquisition expenditures. We also analyze whether managerial ability is related to increased (reduced) investment in banks prone to underinvestment (overinvestme...

Purpose This study investigates the relationship between national culture and the country level of firms' digitalisation, by applying Hofstede's cultural framework to the European Union member states. Although many studies have observed the impact of national culture on firms' innovation and information and communication technology (ICT) adoption,...

From a theoretical point of view, corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure actions have associated a large list of benefits as a result of the lower information asymmetry problems that provoke firms to enjoy better financial conditions and higher market value. However, empirically there is no unanimity in the academy about these positive im...

The objective of this paper is to determine the effect that certain internal and external factors have on the CSR report assurance quality. Among the different internal factors, firm's incentives and the effectiveness of the CEO and the board of directors will be considered. The external factors analyzed are relating to the institutional pressures...

This paper has two main aims: firstly, to examine the effect of pessimistic (sell) recommendations made by analysts to investors on the implementation of business communication strategies in accordance with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), through the adoption of the SDG Compass. Secondly, it considers the possible corrective effect produc...

The main objective of this research is to propose the best aggregate index of corporate social responsibility practice at the organisational level. To achieve this, we analyse the consistency of the different aggregated measures that researchers use in their analyses through a robust statistical technique, the CUR matrix, framed in the big data env...

Many studies have examined the direct relationship between the two corporate practices: corporate social responsibility (CSR) and earnings management (EM); however, the results remain heterogeneous. To achieve the consensus, this study builds upon the classical agency theory and examines the role of managerial entrenchment in creating organizationa...

Within innovation strategies, ecodesign and ecoinnovation are becoming very relevant in recent years as they seek to reduce the environmental impact of both products and production processes by using new technologies and ways of working that contribute to sustainable development and at the same time help to promote the competitiveness of companies....