Isabel Carrillo

• doctor
• Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

Sepiolite is an important raw fibrous material. A method to prepare red pigments based on sepiolite through the thermal treatment of sepiolite with sulfur and sodium sulfide hydrate is reported. Sepiolite was heated until 800 °C in order to remove zeolitic water, the first coordinated water, the second coordinated water, and structural hydroxyls. S...

Alkaline electrolysis is already a proven technology on land, with a high maturity level and good economic performance. However, at sea, little is known about its economic performance toward hydrogen production. Alkaline electrolysis units operate with purified water to split its molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. Purified water, and especially th...

The dielectric breakdown of solid polymeric materials is due to the inception and propagation of electrical trees inside them. The remaining useful life of the solid dielectrics could be determined using propagation simulations correlated with non-intrusive measurements such as partial discharges (PD). This paper presents a brief review of the diff...

In the current context of demand for reliable, low cost and low environmental impact energy sources, many countries and companies are mostly focused on fuel cells (FCs) in fields as transportation, stationary power generation and portable devices. Lately, FCs have begun to be applied in naval and aeronautical systems due to their high efficiency, l...

The aim of this work is to study the ability of polypyrrole to reduce the platinum load of low temperature methanol fuel cell electrodes. Platinum was deposited onto carbon paper and a layer of polypyrrole electrodeposited onto carbon paper, using electron beam evaporation and electrodeposition by pulses. Subsequently, the morphology and electroche...

In the university we are immersed in rapid changes and new challenges that occur in the whole of society. At the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, UPM and in particular at the Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería y Diseño Industrial, ETSIDI, we face these changes and try to find solutions to the new challenges. One of our challenges is to train...

One of the goals of the Spanish University, and therefore of the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, is the internationalization of our students. This will allow them to face the challenges of today's globalized society with greater success. There are different models and types of internationalization: to study abroad, to receive students and profes...

In the current context of demand for reliable, low cost and low environmental impact energy sources, many countries and companies are mostly focused on fuel cells (FC) in fields as transportation and stationary power generation and portable devices. Lately, FCs have begun to be applied in naval and aeronautical systems due to its high efficiency, l...

A study on the electrochemical response and on essays in a single direct methanol fuel cell with electrodes consisting in Pt films deposited on carbon is presented here. Two commercial electrodes with different catalyst loading and two electrodes prepared by electron beam evaporation of Platinum have been studied under the same conditions. An incre...

Platinum is the most used catalyst in electrodes for fuel cells due to its high catalytic activity. Polymer electrolyte and direct methanol fuel cells usually include Pt as catalyst in their electrodes. In order to diminish the cost of such electrodes, different Pt deposition methods that permit lowering the metal load whilst maintaining their elec...

The aim of this work is to demonstrate the importance of the fact that from the beginning of the course students and teachers identify what is the initial knowledge level and the level that students must reach at the end of the course. This is important for the student because it will demonstrate the importance of the continuous assessment (Bologne...

The Sr2RESbO6 double perovskites (RE = La to Lu and Y) were synthesized by ceramic method. The structure and phase purity of the prepared double perovskites were examined by X-ray diffraction pattern and vibrational spectroscopy. A systematic analysis of the compounds structure was carried out for the first time by Raman and IR spectroscopies. A si...

Nanostructures of polypyrrole (PPy) were synthesized on poly(styrene-co-methacrylic acid) particles with iron (III) p-toluensulfonate hexahydrate (FeTS), sodium p-toluensulfonate (NaTS), 5-sulfosalicylic acid dihydrate (SSA), iron(III) chloride hexahydrate or p-toluensulfonic acid (TSA) as dopants. A doping level between 0.25 and 0.29 in all sample...

The potentiostatic electropolymerization of poly-N-Methylpyrrole on Cu at 1.5 V, 2.0 V and 2.5 V vs saturated calomel electrode potentials has been carried out to establish the successive steps of polymer coating generation. The chronoamperograms obtained allow the different steps of the nucleation and growth mechanism to be analyzed by fitting the...

In this study the properties of polypyrrole (PPy) nanocoating over poly(styrene-co-methacrylic acid) (PS-MAA) particles were investigated. Monodisperse PS-MAA templates were obtained by free surfactant emulsion polymerization. The addition of methacrylic acid into the monomer feed mixture reduced particle size, ionic charge and hydrophobicity of th...

The implementation of the ECTS system (European Credit Transfer System) has been initially tested in the course "Fundamentals of Chemistry" with the aim of improving the teaching methodology and student assessments used in previous years. With this aim in mind, the number of lectures has been reduced and students’ participation encouraged using bot...

Deposits from different sections of a newsprint paper mill, using 100% recovered paper, were analyzed following an analytical procedure based on scaning electron microscopy-electron dispersive X-ray and consecutive solvent extraction steps with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses of the different fractions. Polyvinyl acetate, po...

In this review, polyfuran (PFu) synthesis methods and the nucleation mechanism; the electrochemical, structural, morphological, and magnetic properties of PFu; thermal behavior; theoretical calculations on PFu, as well as its applications reported to date, have been compiled. Not only PFu homopolymers have been reviewed, but also PFu co-polymers, P...

Electrochemical copolymerization of 3-methylpyrrole and N-methylpyrrole perchlorate doped has been carried out at two overpotentials and at different electrodeposition times in acetonitrile medium. A mixture of instantaneous and progressive nucleation mechanisms has been established from the current density–time transients. Doping/dedoping reversib...

Structural changes induced by electrochemical redox processes or by pH variations on conducting poly-3-methylpyrrole, electrochemically synthesized in NaClO4 acetonitrile solution, have been studied by infrared spectroscopy. With this aim infrared spectra of perchlorate doped poly-3-methylpyrrole films at different oxidation states as well as after...

Electrosynthesis of conducting poly(3-methylpyrrole) has been carried out at fixed potentials of 0.5 and 0.6V in a NaClO4 acetonitrile solution. The electrochemical behaviour of doped-polymer films has been analysed considering the influence of the negative and positive potential limits as well as the scan rate on the voltammograms recorded in acet...

Resumen El trabajo que ahora presentamos surgió ante la disminución del interés y nivel de conocimientos que presentan los alumnos de primero de Ingeniería Técnica Industrial de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, y con el objetivo de aumentar la motivación que sienten por la Química mejorando su nivel de aprendizaje. Durante los meses de octubre...

Electroactivity with continuous cycling and the electrochemical behaviour of polyfuran perchlorate films (PFu/ClO4) were investigated to determine the reversibility of doping/dedoping processes and the electrochemical mechanism of these processes as a function of the electropolymerization potential. A surface capacitive oxidation mechanism and a di...

El trabajo expuesto en esta memoria ha tenido como objetivo establecer las condiciones de síntesis mas adecuadas para la obtención de películas de polifurano dopadas con perclorato sódico estables, electroactivas y con alto contenido aromático. Con este fin se ha seleccionado la vía electroquímica y mas concretamente la electrogeneración potenciost...

The influence of electropolymerisation time, tp, on the synthesis, structure and morphology of polyfurane films doped with perchlorate anions, PFu/ClO4, was analysed. The analysis of the nucleation mechanism revealed a mixture of progressive and instantaneous nucleation of small hemispherical nodules controlled by spherical diffusion.The morphologi...

Polyfuran films doped with perchlorate anions (PFu/ClO4) were studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopies under different synthesis conditions. However, an electropolymerization overpotential equal to at least 2.1 V was needed to obtain stable PFu/ClO4 films. In the synthesis conditions analysed, the film growth face presented an ord...

The nucleation and growth mechanisms of polyfurane films doped with perchlorate anions (PFu/ClO4) were investigated on platinum electrodes in acetonitrile media. From the chronoamperometric response two different stages were distinguished, depending on applied overpotential and concentration conditions. At short times (tto) the current was due to a...

The structure of stable polyfurane films doped with perchlorate anions (PFu/ClO4), electrogenerated at constant deposition overpotential, has been studied by FTIR spectroscopy. Electropolymerization overpotential, and monomer/electrolyte concentration ratio were the variables analyzed in this study as a mean of determining the synthesis conditions...

Thermogravimetry, Fourier transform infrarred spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were performed on polyfuran films to assess thermal stability. The influence of temperature on the structure and morphology of doped polyfuran conducting films was discussed. Thermal degradation began around 95°C, although aromaticity, structure and ordered...

Chemical and electrochemical parameters have been modified in the potentiostatic electropolymerization of polyfurane films doped with perchlorated anions (PFuClO4) in order to systematize the formation of this conducting polyaromatic compound in aprotic media. The study revealed a strong correlation between the electrochemical generation of black,...

Polyfuran films doped with perchlorate anions (PFu/ClO4) were studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopies and electron diffraction in order to analyze their morphology and microstructure. Film generation was carried out electrochemically at constant potential, Ed = 2.6 V (Ag/Ag+), onto platinum electrodes in acetonitrile/sodium perch...

The influence of the deposition potential on both electrogeneration and electrochemical behaviour of polyfuran-perchlorate-doped films in acetonitrile has been analysed. Yellow insulating deposits were obtained at 1.7 and 1.9 V, while adherent black films were formed at 2.1 and 2.3 V. From the cyclic voltammetry of black polyfuran films, both the m...

For the first time, the morphology of doped polyfuran conducting films has been systematically studied by scanning electron microscopy. Film generation was carried out potentiostatically on platinum electrodes in acetonitrile/sodium perchlorate medium. The film surface was found to exhibit an ordered nodular structure, with honeycomb appearance in...

Infrared studies have been carried out on perchlorate-doped polyfuran films synthesized at different constant deposition potentials using furan as monomer. The spectra of these electroactive films show a higher aromaticity than the previous ones reported. Ring opening is also detected and justified by the existence of aliphatic CH, OH and CO stret...

Resumen En este trabajo se presenta una optimización de la programación de contenidos de Química en la enseñanza de la Ingeniería Técnica Industrial debido a la disminución del la carga lectiva de la Química en todos los niveles educativos. Se ha adaptado la Química a los conocimientos que el alumno debe alcanzar y orientándolos a las peculiaridade...