Isabel Caro Gabalda- PhD
- Professor at University of Valencia
Isabel Caro Gabalda
- PhD
- Professor at University of Valencia
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Publications (106)
Recensión del libro: Relacionalidad, nuestra esperanza (Escritos escogidos). Alejandro Ávila Espada Editorial: Ágora Relacional Páginas: 663 ISBN: 978-84-125655-4-6 Autora de la reseña: Isabel Caro Gabalda Catedrática del Área de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamientos Psicológicos Universidad de Valencia Año de Publicación 2023
Vivimos en una sociedad en la que sufrimos numerosas situaciones de incertidumbre que chocan con nuestra necesidad de control y de certe-zas. Así, este texto se centra en las dificultades que tenemos los seres humanos para afrontar y asumir la incertidumbre. Ante ella, experimen-tamos ansiedad, depresión, miedos o temor. De interés para profesional...
This case study addressed what therapists do after assimilation setbacks. Previous research has shown that most setbacks reflect the client switching between strands of the problem and that most setbacks can be classified as balance strategy setbacks (BS) or setbacks due to the therapist exceeding the client’s zone of proximal development (TZPD). A...
Assimilation requires a dialogue between the client’s dominant and non-dominant internal voices, that is between the client’s usual self and his or her problematic experiences. This dialogue is established through conjoint work between therapist and client. This article seeks to consolidate some developments in the assimilation model by reviewing h...
Objective: This theory-building case study investigated setbacks in assimilation, seeking to replicate and elaborate previous work, in which most setbacks were one of two types, balance strategy (BS) or exceeding the therapeutic zone of proximal development (TZPD).
Method: We studied the case of Alicia, a 26 year-old woman, treated successfully for...
En este trabajo se establecen las diferencias y convergencias principales entre los modelos cognitivos de reestructuración, los constructivistas y los contextuales. Partiendo de una breve revisión histórica se podrá enmarcar el surgimiento de cada uno de estos enfoques e, igualmente, las diferencias epistemológicas y ontológicas entre ellos. Estos...
La meta principal de este trabajo busca comprender la ética en psicoterapia desde una perspectiva sociocultural. Para conseguirla, la psicoterapia, al ser una práctica social de cura, se relacionará con los elementos socioculturales a su base. Esta perspectiva permite ofrecer a los terapeutas algunas reflexiones éticas sobre qué (y por qué) es corr...
Progress in psychotherapy is typically irregular, as advances alternate with setbacks. This study investigated the therapist’s activities prior to two main types of setbacks, one involving the client following therapist proposals and one involving the client failing to follow from therapist proposals, in the case of a poor-outcome client treated wi...
The main aim of this paper is to understand ethics in psychotherapy from a socio-cultural perspective. To fulfill this aim, psychotherapy, as a social healing practice, is related to the socio-cultural issues underlying it. This perspective could offer therapists some ethical reflections about what (and why) is appropriate/ inappropriate to be done...
This paper offers a theoretical and methodological formulation of setbacks in the process of assimilation of problematic experiences in psychotherapy. It is based on a series of theory-building case studies, in which case observations were used to modify and confirm an evolving understanding. Assimilation typically follows a sawtoothed progression...
Este texto explica cuestiones relevantes de la psicoterapia gracias al cine. Para ello, propone un juego: convertir elementos clave de diversas películas en metáforas que ponen en la mente del lector argumentos importantes para comprender la psicoterapia. Las películas y sus tramas, sus personajes, nos emocionan y nos llegan de distintas maneras. A...
Este texto explica cuestiones relevantes de la psicoterapia gracias al cine. Para ello, propone un juego: convertir elementos clave de diversas películas en metáforas que ponen en la mente del lector argumentos importantes para comprender la psicoterapia.
Las películas y sus tramas, sus personajes, nos emocionan y nos llegan de distintas maneras. A...
Psychotherapy integration is a key trend in psychotherapy nowadays. This paper offers a critical perspective on a main obstacle and challenge for psychotherapy integration. Psychotherapy integration should be treated more as a process than as a product. For psychotherapy integration to contribute to the future of psychotherapy, it should not forget...
En este trabajo se hace una reflexión teórica sobre si es posible la integración en psicoterapia. Para ello se revisará el porqué del surgimiento de la integración en psicoterapia y se enmarcará al terapeuta integrador en relación a dos cuestiones básicas: las actitudes que debe tener, así como las posibilidades reales de formación en integración e...
Este trabajo se centra en el modelo de asimilación de experiencias problemáticas. Dicho modelo es un modelo de corte integrador que nos permite estudiar el proceso de cambio en cualquier enfoque terapéutico y con diversos tipos de pacientes y sujetos. Por ello, expondremos, en primer lugar, los principales conceptos y características del modelo, co...
Este trabajo, de corte teórico, tiene como finalidad principal rastrear las bases y el origen socio-cultural de las psicoterapias cognitivas. Para ello, el trabajo comienza describiendo, brevemente, los elementos principales del modelo cognitivo y señalando, a continuación, las relaciones entre psicoterapia y marco occidental. Seguidamente, se proc...
Background:
The Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy (BCP) Journal is the main academic publication of the British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies. It publishes empirical studies, reviews and theoretical papers, brief reports and single cases.
Aim:
To describe the main areas of interest and focus in BCP papers.
Meth...
Resumen En este trabajo se hace una reflexión teórica sobre si es posible la integración en psicoterapia. Para ello se revisará el porqué del surgimiento de la integración en psicoterapia y se enmarcará al terapeuta integrador en relación a dos cuestiones básicas: las actitudes que debe tener, así como las posibilidades reales de forma-ción en inte...
In this research process, Stiles’ assimilation of problematic experiences scale is used to study Olivia’s process of change. The objectives of this study are: first, to describe Olivia’s therapeutically successful assimilation of the problematic experience of fear of dying, treated with brief strategic therapy; and second, to study how that pattern...
The Assimilation of Problematic Experiences Scale (APES) summarizes a developmental continuum along which psychological problems progress in successful psychotherapy. The therapeutic zone of proximal development (TZPD) is the segment of the APES continuum within which the clients can proceed from their current APES level to the next with the therap...
This article introduces a Special Section of case studies that focus on therapeutic collaboration and setbacks in the process of assimilation with the aim of contributing to the evolution of the assimilation model of therapeutic change.
The first study examined setbacks in two depression cases (a good vs. a poor outcome) treated with emotion-focuse...
Objective:
Research on the assimilation model has suggested that psychological change takes place in a sequence of stages punctuated by setbacks, that is, by transient reversals in the developmental course. This study analyzed such setbacks in one good outcome case and one poor outcome case of Emotion-focused therapy (EFT) for depression.
Method:...
The aim of this paper is to make a theoretical reflection on the linguistic therapy of evaluation and the acceptance and commitment therapy through a comparison of both approaches. First, main elements of both therapeutic perspectives are introduced. Then, the main convergences and divergences between both approaches are addressed. This theoretical...
Objective:
This study examined the therapist activities immediately preceding assimilation setbacks in the treatment of a good-outcome client treated with linguistic therapy of evaluation (LTE).
Method:
Setbacks (N = 105) were defined as decreases of one or more assimilation stages from one passage to the next dealing with the same theme. The th...
This paper discusses the various subjects embedded in cognitive psychotherapy. The cognitive model developed by Beck, considered as a rationalist and modernist model, will exemplify these subjects. Cognitive therapy should be placed in the modernist historical context and related to a subject characterized as having rationality and the ability to o...
This theoretical article examines possible points of convergence between the assimilation model and linguistic therapy of evaluation (LTE), insofar as the former describes the process of change and the latter, as a form of cognitive therapy, considers the therapeutic conditions that facilitate it. In particular, the argument focuses first on why a...
The assimilation model describes the process of change assuming that the self is enriched when there is a dialogue between nondominant voices or problematic experiences and the dominant voices. This dialogue is best seen in the Insight stage. The aim of this paper is to study the Insight stage during the assimilation process in relation to the main...
En este trabajo se busca describir el proceso de asimilación a través de narraciones de una participante, Mónica, que tenía problemas de tipo oncológico y el beneficio de emplear narraciones para dicha asimilación. Mónica escribió 31 narraciones, durante 8 meses, sobre su experiencia con diversos fibroadenomas y tumores benignos. Estas narraciones...
This paper addresses the development of new plans of integration, with the aim of undertaking a critical review of the present status of health psychology. We emphasize that health psychology has overcome its growing stage when the risk of stagnation and a consequent loss of relevance and social projection existed. During its period:of professional...
Abstract The Assimilation of Problematic Experiences Scale (APES) and the Innovative Moments Coding System were applied to transcripts of a successful case of linguistic therapy of evaluation independently by different research groups. Assimilation theory and research suggest that higher APES scores reflect therapeutic gains, with a level of approx...
The assimilation model is an integrative model that can be applied to any kind of therapeutic setting for describing the process of change. The Assimilation of Problematic Experiences Scale (APES) describes the process of assimilation of problematic experiences in therapy. Although the APES presents an orderly sequence, studies have shown that assi...
Abstract The assimilation model suggests progress in psychotherapy follows an eight-stage sequence described by the Assimilation of Problematic Experiences Scale (APES). This study sought to reconcile this developmental stage model with the common but superficially contradictory clinical observation that therapeutic advances alternate with setbacks...
El modelo de asimilación fue desarrollado por Stiles y su grupo (Stiles y cols., 1990, 1991) como un modelo proce-sual que nos permitía explicar el cambio en cualquier enfoque de terapia. En principio es un modelo cercano a perspectivas narrativas (véase, Osatuke y cols., 2004) y tam-bién a perspectivas sobre el self dialogal (véase Hermans, Kempen...
The assimilation model describes therapeutic change through APES (Assimilation of Problematic Experiences Scale) trying to reconcile the study of change through a pre-/post-test comparison with studying moment-by-moment change. Two processes of assimilation are described and compared from two clinical cases treated with the linguistic therapy of ev...
The main aim of this paper is the theoretical and methodological description of the assimilation model. The assimilation model has been developed as an integrative process research model that allows us to describe the process of change in any therapeutic approach. This paper describes the model and how should be its procedure. Besides, the paper de...
The main aim of this paper is the theoretical and methodological description of the assimilation model. The assimilation model has been developed as an integrative process research model that allows us to describe the process of change in any therapeutic approach. This paper describes the model and how should be its procedure. Besides, the paper de...
This article describes the treatment of Gabriel, 24, an undergraduate student suffering from performance anxiety. His main symptoms were heart palpitations, aching muscles, inability to relax, nervousness, worry, and negative anticipation about performance in various classes. The treatment applied was 13 sessions of linguistic therapy of evaluation...
The objective of our study was to make a first exploratory study about the psychological status of children and adolescents with rheumatic diseases exploring, also, the significant differences between girls and boys. A total of 123 children (81 girls and 42 boys) with rheumatic diseases, between the ages of 1 and 19 years old were assessed using di...
This paper shows the convergence of voices in psychotherapy in the context of the assimilation model. Convergence is the link between patients' voices within the community of voices. The main aim of the paper was to explore (a) how convergence (and divergence) is shown during sessions and the usefulness of convergence for the process of assimilatio...
O modelo de assimilação é um modelo integrativo que pode ser aplicado a qualquer tipo de setting terapêutico para a descrição do processo de mudança. A Escala de Assimilação de Experiências Problemáticas (EAEP) descreve o processo de assimilação de experiências problemáticas em terapia. Ainda que a EAEP apresente uma sequência ordenada, estudos dem...
Cognitive therapy, linguistic therapy of evaluation, and constructivist psychotherapy display prominent points of both convergence and divergence at conceptual and practical levels. This article considers these comparisons and contrasts, focusing on their respective positions regarding their meta-theoretical models of human beings, science, and epi...
Similarities and differences between Standard Cognitive Therapy, Constructivist Models and Linguistic Evaluation Therapy are described. Linguistic Evaluation Therapy is based in General Semantics.
In this article the process of assimilation in the problematic experience of tiredness of one patient, Mara, is shown. Mara was treated with linguistic therapy of evaluation (LTE), a therapy midway between constructivist and cognitive therapies based on the theory of General Semantics, for 14 sessions. Mara was one of the most successful cases of L...
This paper explores parents´ assessments of the main psychosocial consequences of the pediatric rheumatic diseases in their children and the family itself. For this purpose, one hundred patients� parents from the Paediatric Rheumatology Unit of �La Fe� Children�s Hospital in Valencia, with children with ages ranging from 2 to 18 years old, were ass...
Este trabajo presenta un estudio sobre el proceso del cambio en la terapia lingüística de evaluación (TLE) según el modelo de asimilación. El modelo de asimilación asume la descripción del proceso del cambio mediante una secuencia de ocho niveles concretada en la Escala de Asimilación de Experiencias Problemáticas o APES (Assimilation of Problemati...
In this article, we focus on the theoretical orientations of Spanish psychotherapists with reference to the concepts of integration and eclecticism associated respectively with the cultural patterns of modernity and postmodernity. Data are reported from 179 Spanish therapists who responded to the Development of Psychotherapists Common Core Question...
The assimilation model proposes eight stages through which patients with problematic experiences pass during assimilation, ranging from suppression or dissociation to mastery. These are summarized in the Assimilation of Problematic Experiences Scale ( APES). The assimilation model and the APES have been developed through intensive qualitative study...
A negative case - a therapeutic dropout - was analyzed with the Assimilation of Problematic Experiences Scale (APES). The APES has been devised from the assimilation model developed by Stiles and colleagues, and it has proven useful for describing the process of change. The APES describes assimilation as a sequence of eight stages which range from...
Los estudios sobre las consecuencias psicológicas y emocionales de la enfermedad reumática infantil en padres de estos niños no han sido concluyentes, disponiendo de datos que avalan problemas de tipo psicológico o, por el contrario, un estado satisfactorio. La finalidad de este estudio, pues, estriba en hacer una primera exploración de los padres...
This paper reports a qualitative micro-analysis of the assimilation process in 18 events drawn from six patients treated in the linguistic therapy of evaluation. Each event began with a problematic situation introduced by the patient and ended with a marker showing either non-resolution or resolution of the problematic situation. These events all r...
This paper introduces the Special Symposium Issue on the Assimilation of Problematic Experiences and on the Assimilation Model. The main context of these studies is the process research trend in psychotherapy. Process research keeps a direct connection with outcome research and it tries to explore (in many different ways) how patients and therapist...
In this paper a process analysis of linguistic change is shown through the methodology of task analysis. From the linguistic therapy of evaluation will be shown the relevance of an intensional orientation for human evaluation problems and the relevance of an extensional orientation for more proper evaluations, along with some other therapeutic oper...
The psychotherapy or the counselling that we are practising today do es differ from the established practise of the last century, and also from that practised 25 years ago. Obviously, as any other human affair psychotherapy and counselling have followed a natural evolution. From my point of view, a cultural perspective gives us some useful hints to...
From the model and the Assimilation of Problematic Experiences Scale (APES) developed by Stiles and his group, the resolution of a problematic experience, resolved within session, with the technique of the orders of abstraction is shown. The therapeutic context is offered by the linguistic therapy of evaluation, developed from the theory of General...
This paper studies the figure of the therapist as a fundamental part of therapist-patient relationship, by means of a better knowledge of the perceptions on their own professional development through all along their carear, from the beginning to present. Two descriptive constructs are used: RCD, Retrospective Career Development; CED, Current Experi...
Este trabajo estudia la figura del terapeuta, como parte fundamental en la relación interpersonal terapeuta-paciente, y da a conocer cómo percibe su propio desarrollo, a lo largo de toda su carrera, desde su inicio hasta el presente, a través, básicamente, de cuatro constructos descriptivos: DRC, Desarrollo Retrospectivo de la Carrera; DEA, Desarro...
As someone can easily deduct from the title of this paper I consider highly relevant process research for the field of cognitive therapy. The explanation is both personal and scientific, at the same time. From a personal point of view process resarch is more encouraging, funny and exciting than other type of researches. From a scientific point of v...
This paper describes the treatment of a depressed woman, Silvia (I. Caro, 2001), treated with the linguistic therapy of evaluation. The linguistic therapy of evaluation is a type of cognitive psychotherapy developed from the theory of general semantics. The theory and the treatment are based on the use of language and the role this plays in the dev...
En este artículo nos centraremos en los planteamientos y las nuevas prácticas terapéuticas defendidas por algunos autores que desde una postura posmodernista, critican de lleno los valores y supuestos de la psicología tradicional y el modo cómo se refleja en el diagnóstico, evaluación y tratamiento psicológicos. Con este fin se expondrá, brevemente...
En el contexto del número monográfico de la Revista de Psicoterapia, sobre tratamientos integrados de psicofármacos y psicoterapia, decidimos incluir una novedosa mesa redonda cibernética, en la que diversos expertos hemos interactuado de una forma especial, realizando un «Análisis de la influencia de la combinación de psicofármacos y psicoterapia,...
This paper comments on Ramsey's paper, Postmodern cognitive therapy: Cognitions, narratives, and personal meaning-making, which discusses the possibility of an integration between narrative and more traditional cognitive models. Although an integration is possible, I consider it to be a difficult task given the large theoretical, epistemological an...
Translating a verbal coding system from one language to another can yield unexpected insights into the process of communication in different cultures. This paper describes the problems and understandings we encountered as we translated a verbal response modes (VRM) taxonomy from English into Spanish. Standard translations of text (e.g., psychothera...
RESUMEN En este trabajo seguimos la perspectiva lingüística de la semántica general, apli-cada a la conceptualización y análisis de parte de la experiencia depresiva a través de la terapia lingüistica de evaluación. Articulamos todo el trabajo alrededor de la conceptualización y cambio en el proceso evaluador de una paciente diagnosticada con "depr...
In this paper a five years analysis of psychotherapy is done. The sample, taken from the PsycLIT was composed of 2694 books and book's chapters which deal with psychotherapy from many perspectives. Results are offered about first author's sex, institutional affiliation and country. Besides, the content of each book and chapter is analyzed in terms...
The clinical procedure presented here could be considered a type of cognitive psychotherapy which has the main aim of producing an evaluational change through linguistic means. The linguistic therapy of evaluation is based upon the theory of general semantics and is based on a theory which connects emotional problems, such as anxiety and depression...
En este trabajo relacionamos la psicoterapia con la postmodernidad, partiendo de la respuesta que ésta ofrece a cuatro elementos clave: el lenguaje, la verdad, la importancia del contexto social y la marginalización del método. Veremos, siguiendo este discurso postmoderno, cuál puede ser su influencia en nuestra comprensión de la psicopatología, de...
This paper introduces a new cognitive therapy which is evolving from the theoretical background of general semantics theory. This therapy is being tested since 1985 with several samples, the results being favorable and promising. Nevertheless, only its theoretical rational and clinical background will be introduced. Subsequently, the cognitive ther...
The main aim of this paper is to introduce the techniques used in cognitive therapy of evaluation. The Cognitive therapy of evaluation is being developed from the theoretical background of general semantics theory and it is a therapy based on language as an instrument of cognitive processes, and on the role it plays, through word-facts identificati...
El trabajo que aquí se presenta es el tratamiento conductual en un caso de rabietas, de una niña de cinco años. Se hace un análisis exhaustivo del caso, desde los momentos iniciales, de recogida de información, las técnicas empleadas (extinción, castigo, refuerzo positivo, contrato de contingencias) hasta el seguimiento realizado, de una duración d...
Resumen: El presente trabajo examina, en una primera exploración, el estado psicológico de los adolescentes con enfermedades reumáticas e investiga las diferencias entre chicos y chicas. Cua-renta adolescentes (31 chicas y 9 chicos) pacientes de la Unidad de Reumatología Pediátrica del Hospital Infantil La Fe de Valencia, con edades comprendidas en...
