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Introduction
Current institution
Munch Museet
Current position
- Researcher
Additional affiliations
January 2014 - August 2015
April 2008 - March 2013
January 2000 - January 2003
Publications
Publications (120)
Among the artists’ materials of the nineteenth century, pastel crayons merit scientific interest since their early commercial formulations are mostly unknown and, until now, have been considerably less studied with respect to other contemporary painting materials. In this framework, research herein reports the results of a comprehensive multi-analy...
The degradation of cadmium sulfide (CdS)–based oil paints is a phenomenon potentially threatening the iconic painting The Scream (ca. 1910) by Edvard Munch (Munch Museum, Oslo) that is still poorly understood. Here, we provide evidence for the presence of cadmium sulfate and sulfites as alteration products of the original CdS-based paint and explor...
The present chapter will illustrate few examples of multi-technique and multi-scale approaches for objects belonging to past or modern periods in the history of art chronology. Thus, four studies on four different topics are brought to the attention: multi disciplinary and multi-techniques characterization of gilded altarpieces and sculptures in Po...
A multi-analytical technique approach involving the combined use of micro-invasive and nondestructive techniques was used to identify the type of fiber, mordant and natural dye constituents for eight historical textiles fragments from the 17th–18th centuries, found in monasteries in Northern Romania. The analysis was performed using optical microsc...
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Identification of fake violins.
Abstract
The paper presents the authentication of a Stradivari 1737 type violin, which belonged to the Romanian scientist Ştefan Odobleja. The analytical methods used in the study for assessing archaeometric characteristics of some component materials, along with the white degree and glycolysis...
The present chapter will illustrate few examples of multi-technique and multi-scale approaches for objects belonging to past or modern periods in the history of art chronology. Thus, four studies on four different topics are brought to the attention: multi disciplinary and multi-techniques characterization of gilded altarpieces and sculptures in Po...
The project examined selected paintings by Edvard Munchs paintings in the Munch Museum (MUM) in Oslo that had been varnished with ketone resins. 23 paintings attributed to Munch (1882–1940) were documented as being varnished with ketone resins between the ‘50s and ‘80s, 16 of them with AW2®.
This paper presents an investigation that aims to identify and characterise the paint materials in a painting from the Munch Museum collection that exhibits colour alterations. The investigation is part of a larger project being carried out at the museum, focusing on modern paint materials and their degradation mechanisms. The painting Old Man in W...
A collection of Ottoman-style costumes belongs to the late 19th century exhibited at the Jordanian Museum of Cultural Heritage were analyzed using SEM-EDX to identify types of fibres and mordants. The study aims to obtain more and comprehensive knowledge about these costumes completing a previous study that was carried out earlier to identify types...
Long-term cultural heritage protection is an essential condition for the sustainable development and preservation of territorial identity. Good documentation and registration of heritage objects allows for knowing, preserving and passing them to the future generations. Cultural heritage registration currently uses different techniques and methods o...
The paper presents the results obtained in the study of new archaeometric and chemometric characteristics for old linden wood (Tillia cordata Mill.) and poplar wood (Populus robusta), put into work. Therefore, based on elemental chemical composition data, humidity, pH, ash and those related to wood extraction components, which are characteristics w...
The paper presents the results obtained in the study of new archaeometric and chemometric characteristics for old linden wood (Tillia cordata Mill.) and poplar wood (Populus robusta), put into work. Therefore, based on elemental chemical composition data, humidity, pH, ash and those related to wood extraction components, which are characteristics w...
Spectral subtraction method was used to prove the grafting onto cotton fabrics of some derivatives of glyoxal with monochlorotriazinyl-β-cyclodextrin (MCT-β-CD). Glyoxal was initially brought in contact with HCl. The formed compound was brought in contact with MCT-β-CD, in presence of NaOH as catalyst. The resulted product was applied on cotton sam...
The paper presents results from hyperspectral identification of the colouring palette used by Edvard Munch in a canvas painting entitled ”Old Man in Warnemunde”. The painting is part of a collection at the Munch Museum in Oslo. A collaboration between the Conservation Department of the Munch Museum and the Norwegian Colour and Visual Computing Labo...
The paper presents the results obtained in the study of new archaeometric and chemometric characteristics involved in the authentication of old artefacts made of metal, ceramics and polychrome wood, by the Iasi school of Conservation Science of cultural heritage goods. Most of the metal and ceramic artefacts considered for this study originate from...
The dihydrated forms of the 40% glyoxal solution undergo a dehydration process (in the presence of HCl), when the proportion of non-hydrated glyoxal increases. In the presence of a dilute ethanol solution, the nonhydrated glyoxal generates a hemiacetal. The presence of hemiacetal is confirmed by FT-IR analysis by increasing of the peaks at 1053 cm⁻...
This paper presents the study regarding the impact of the treatment with Câmpeni red petroleum on an XVIII-th Century icon made of wood, with the aim of active preservation and restoration. In accomplishing this endeavour, there were applied non-invasive techniques of analysis based on optical microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) cou...
High printing quality of banknotes and the variety of security features implemented in banknotes make a big difference between the genuine notes and high-quality forgeries. The counterfeiter cannot reproduce or imitate the printing quality and all security features embedded in every banknote, such as Optically Variable Ink, Optically Variable Diffr...
The objective is to achieve higher degrees of discoloration, the larger the better criterion has been used to maximize the degree of discoloration. An orthogonal array L16 and four levels with four parameters were used to obtain the set of values of the parameters that lead to best results and the experimental results were processed using the softw...
Crude extract obtained by macerating pomegranate peels can dye textile materials. The final purpose of the process of pomegranate peels maceration in the presence of glacial acetic acid was to extract pigments that can dye various textile materials: wool, polyamide, cotton and cellulose acetate. Dyeing of these materials started with pre-mordanting...
The old wooden icons entitled Daniel and Jeremiah prophets and Aaron and Gideon prophets, painted by an unknown artist, were realized in tempera. The chromatic of the countenance and hands is realized with brown, over it a pink-reddish color is superposed and light zones are applied in white. The composition of the painting materials obtained by Fo...
FTIR analysis is able to prove a grafting process, even when the grafting agencies are complicated. In this paper, the agents were obtained from a series of transformations of two carbonyl compounds (acetone and octanal) based on 2 stages: (1) activation of carbonyl compounds; (2) the combination of MCT-β-CD. Activation of acetone was performed wit...
Batch adsorption of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) from aqueous solutions on some non-ionic porous copolymers based on the styrene and divinylbenzene was investigated. The adsorption studies were performed as a function of various parameters: contact time, initial concentration of 4-NP solution and adsorbent/adsorbate ratio. Equilibrium and kinetics studies...
The present study pursues the influence of polyelectrolytes based on maleic co-polymers with styrene and vinyl acetate under the form of natrium salt, on the color parameters CIEL∗a∗b∗ of the Melana type polyacrylonitrile fibers dyed with Victoria Blue B (VBB) dye - A triamino triarylmethane one. The colours attributes are analyzed in terms of the...
In this paper, the ethyl chitosan grafting on cotton is studied by varying two parameters of polycondensation stage: temperature (140-180 degrees C) and catalyst (1.1 mmol zinc acetate, zinc chloride or magnesium chloride). The ethyl chitosan was prepared by direct alkylation method, the chitosan concentration varying from 0.1 to 2.1 mmols; the mol...
In the present study, the dyeing was effected using an extract (raw) obtained from Punica granatum arils with seeds by maceration process. The solvent used for solid-liquid extraction was 90% acetic acid. The extract (without previous separation) has been utilized to dye natural or synthetic textile materials (wool, polyamide) according to pre-mord...
The present paper presents some disadvantages of using acrylic polymers in the restoration of old icons on wooden panels. Two acrylic polymers were taken into study: Paraloid B72 and Paraloid B67. These two acrylic polymers were chosen for several reasons, being well known and used by the majority of the restorers' community, due to their dissoluti...
The wooden icon of Saint Nicholas, painted in the second half of the nineteen century, comes from the southern part of Transylvania province and was investigated by XRF and FTIR spectroscopy in order to preserve and restore it. The obtained results confirmed that this icon was painted in the historical period already mentioned. Also, the aim of thi...
The acrylic fiber from Romania-Melana (PAN) consists in a tertiary copolymer obtained through copolymerization of three comonomers: vinyl-acetate (AV), acrylonitrile (AN) and Δα-methyl styrene (MS). PAN functionalization depends on the reaction medium: a strongly basic pH converts the acetate group from AV in hydroxyl group, and the nitrile group f...
During the last years, both the problem of harmonizing the specific terminology of Conservation Science and the modern approach related to the scientific investigation, preservation, restoration, display, and treasuring of cultural heritage assets have been frequently addressed at prominent events and meetings in the field. With this in mind, this...
The main aim of this paper is present a complete and modem information gathering protocol required in the conservation process of a 18th century wooden icon and to exemplify the importance of permanently implementing new analysis techniques and examination methods in the field of cultural heritage conservation. In order to obtain all the required i...
In order to preserve and restore the Imperial Gates belonging to the wooden church of Sanmihaiul Almasului, Salaj County, the scientific expertise of the wooden support and of the painting materials (ground, pigments) with FTIR, XRF spectroscopy and gas chromatography-MS. FTIR spectroscopy offers information about the wooden support whereas XRF, FT...
The acrylic fibre Melana (a ternary copolymer, AN + AV + αMS abbreviated as PAN) was pretreated with NaOH ± amine. The effects caused by these pretreatments have a chemical nature (at AV and AN comonomers level) and were investigated. The results show that after the pretreatments with amines (in presence of NaOH), the acrylic fibre undergoes chemic...
This paper proposes an innovative protocol using MALDI-TOF MS (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation - Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry), SEMEDX (Scanning Electron Microscope coupled to Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), and fluorescence test Sypro Ruby for simultaneous identification and mapping of protein binders in the ground and adhes...
The fibers of recycled and virgin polyethylene terephtalate (PET) have been functionalized with three alcohols: ethanol, tetrol and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The chemical modifications generated by these alcohols have been relieved by spectroscopic analyses (FTIR, SEM, EDAX, XRD), calorimetric analysis (DSC) and thermogravimetric methods (TGA, DTG)....
The Saint Elijah's glass icon was investigated by FTIR and mass spectrometry methods for identifying the painting materials in order to preserve and restore it. The glass icon was realized in fatty tempera with egg yolk and vegetal oil was used as binder. The painting materials are as follows: red (lead minium), blue (Prussian blue), green (Prussia...
The first intervention realized in the case of art works with a precarious state of conservation is the consolidation of support and superficial layer. Generally for the puzzle-like painting layer the preventive consolidation is an urgent intervention, which will be followed, after a succession of interventions, by a definitive one. Furthermore, if...
The paper presents the study of old ornamentation techniques used into making of two icons from the XVIII-th century, part of the heritage of Tazlau monastery, Neamt County. In order to do this, the materials used to create the polychrome layers and their current conservation state was analyzed. The data obtained by investigating the two mentioned...
Complementary imaging and characterization methodology of polychrome composites in gilded woodcarving using Micro-CT, SEM-EDX and OM - Volume 21 Issue S6 - M. F. C. Pereira, A. M. Maurício, I. C. A. Sandu, R. Veiga, A. Le Gac, N. Leal
Icons, by their purpose, are paintings exposed to a frequent interaction with the human factor during the religious services, which leads to the formation of a lipid film that retains dirt and soot on their surface, changing the aspect. This study analyzes the effects of the skin surface lipids layer on materials that are used in panel paintings (g...
This paper presents a physico - chemical study of the paint layers of "Saint Nicholas" icon, which comes from a private collection in Romania. The icon has artistic characteristics of the Russian icons, the Post-Byzantine style, and is an expression of the painted art in the Orthodox Church. Significant information about the icon painting technique...
In order to preserve and restore the Imperial Gates belonging to the wooden church of Aşchileu Mic, Cluj County, the scientific expertise of the wooden support and of the painting materials (ground, pigments) with FTIR, XRF spectroscopy and DSC thermal analysis was performed. FTIR spectroscopy and DSC methods offer information about the wooden supp...
The first operation in preservation and restoration of patrimony objects of painted wood, which present detachments of painting layer, is the preventive consolidation. This operation is followed by the derinitive consolidation and the primary biocide. The present study focuses on the adaptability of the acrylic binder in the consolidation of damage...
The paper presents the conservation state of a XVIII-th century triptych, evaluated by analyzing the materials and the technologies used to create it. The triptych is part of the Neamt Agapia monastery collection. It is made out of hand carved lime wood, painted in egg tempera, by an unknown author. The theme of the triptych is “Annunciation” and i...
This study presents the data regarding the influence of two organic solvents (ethylic alcohol and Red Petroleum from Campeni), mixed with bee propolis, on different wood essences. The impact of these systems was evaluated by studying several physical-structural dynamic characteristics of the treated samples. The shrinkage of lime, poplar, fir and o...
In this paper we studied the dyeing behaviour of polyester fibers from recycled polyester and virgin dyed with Foron brilliant rot SGL (CI Disperse Red 121). The amount of dye fixed recycled fiber is higher than that of virgin. Elemental analysis confirms a slight change in the carbon and oxygen content of recycled fiber compared to virgin. Thus th...
This paper presents a physico-chemical study of the wooden support of the icon "Saint Nicholas" from the nineteenth century. The icon is crafted from linden wood panel, consisting of two boards glued together and the back being reinforced by two crossbeams. Due to intense Xylophagous insects attack and of the wood' movements, the conservation statu...
The paper presents an innovative interdisciplinary study focusing on the gilded/polychrome decoration emulating stone-like surfaces of a Rococo Retable from Saint Francis Church in Viseu, Portugal. This study was undertaken within a 3-year research project, abbreviated Gilt- Teller (http://www.gilt-teller.pt). For the characterization of the altarp...
This paper deals with the characterization of several gilded and polychrome samples from the carved wood Portuguese heritage using a novel proteomics approach aimed to identify and map the presence of different proteinaceous binders. Eight samples originating from two altarpieces (Main altarpiece from Miranda de Douro Cathedral and Main altarpiece...
This paper aims to present a typical matte finish coating made with a tinted glaze applied to gilding found on late Baroque and Rococo polychrome altarpieces in Spain and Portugal dating from the mid eighteenth century. This practice is poorly studied in Portuguese historiography. In order to characterize this particular technique, it was necessary...
This paper deals with the multi-analytical comparative characterization of 59 samples of gilded and polychrome layers from 7 altarpieces studied during the Gilt-Teller project (www.gilt-teller.pt). The altarpieces studied here belong to seven churches in the areas of Lisbon, Santarém, Portalegre and Guarda and display stylistic and constructive fea...
This paper has the main purpose to compile and highlight the first data obtained from experimental studies on docμmented reconstructions of gilded composites performed within a research project on gilding materials and techniques in Portugal (www.gilt-teller.pt) funded by FCT. Two water gilding recipes were appropriately chosen from the treatises w...
Romanian acrylic fibers (PAN) were functionalized with substances that have different basicities: NaOH (pKb = 0.2), Chitosan (CS with pKb = 7.8) and hydroxyl amine (HA with pKb = 8.02). All the chemical changes that occur on the acrylic support during functionaliazation were evaluated with FTIR analysis and colorimetric method. Dyeings with non-spe...
Uma disputa entre cinco dos melhores pintores douradores de Évora deu origem à realização de uma extensa documentação sobre a técnica, os materiais e os preços em vigor em Évora, no ano de 1729. A rivalidade entre o mestre Filipe de Santiago, responsável pelo douramento do conjunto de talha da Igreja da Misericórdia, e a equipa liderada por Manuel...
p>O presente trabalho apresenta uma ferramenta multimédia inovadora desenvolvida no âmbito do projeto de investigação financiado pela Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT): “GILT-Teller, um estudo interdisciplinar multiescala das técnicas e dos materiais de douramento em Portugal, 1500-1800”.
A ferramenta desenvolvida com a contribuição da co...
The study presents an old icon painted in egg tempera on lime wood, with a poor conservation condition and clogged dirt deposits. The icon is attributed to an anonymous painter of XIXth century and to the neo-classical style of painting. The painting layer was done with only a hand full of pigments, earth colors that were often used in painting the...
Consolidation of old frail wood by impregnation with polymers is a key step in wooden cultural heritage conservation. Paraloid B72 is an acrylic polymer widely used for this purpose. FTIR spectroscopy, though microdestructive, was found to be a versatile method able to reveal the presence / penetration of Paraloid B72 into the wood structure. A sem...
The cleaning interventions of icons and old gilded decorative frames represent a great challenge for the curator and the restorer. This type of restoration treatment requires an interdisciplinary approach in order to respect the mandatory experimental protocols: the assessment of the conservation state, developing the cleaning solutions by applying...
This article proposes an innovative methodology which employs nondestructive techniques to assess the effectiveness of new formulations based on ionic liquids, as alternative solvents for enzymes (proteases), for the removal of proteinaceous materials from painted surfaces during restoration treatments. Ionic liquids (ILs), also known as “designer”...
The objective of this work was the modification of the pigment Yellow 17 structure through a treatment with
ZnCl2 and Na2SiO3 in order to improve its properties. The modifications that appear in pigment structure were
revealed by UV-visible diffuse reflectance and EDX analysis. The synthesized pigments were used to colour
the polypropylene. The chr...
The subject of this paper is the carved wooden pulpits of the Church of Our Lady of Pena in Lisbon, Portugal. The fact that these objects were not gilded (as the rest of the carved wooden decoration in the church) raised the reinforced interest in their analysis. Besides the historical and stylistic approach, the text covers aspects of the material...
p>O artigo apresenta um estudo interdisciplinar e multi-tecnico dos materiais e das tecnicas de douramento em varios retabulos Portugueses da epoca Barreca, desenvolvido durante um projecto de investigac;ao financiado pela Fundac;ao para Ciencia e Tecnologia em Portugal (PTDC/EAT-EAT/116700/2010).
Foram usadas tecnicas microsc6picas,em conjunto co...
To monitor and analyze the effectiveness of new cleaning formulations, using a combination of ionic liquids ([BMIM] [BF4] and [EMIM] [EtSO4]) and enzymes (three different proteases E.C.3.4.), we adopted a novel multi-scale non-invasive approach based with different instruments: the stereomicroscope (SM), the optical microscope (OM) with visible and...
This research is focused on the application of immuno-fluorescence microscopy (IFM) to localize and identify proteinaceous materials in painting cross-sections. To find the best analytical protocol and the best fluorochrome, a comparison between two different fluorescent markers for the secondary antibody has been performed. An already known fluoro...
The paper proposes a novel, integrated approach to the identification and quantification of the organic binders, mainly proteinaceous, as the “invisible” component of polychrome layers in artifacts belonging to movable and immovable cultural heritage. The analytical methodology discussed here will demonstrate the significance and efficiency of bioc...
The gilded polychrome carved wood in Portugal, (talha dourada) gained its most rich expression during the Baroque epoch with the development of production techniques and the use of of gold leaf. The present paper proposes a complementary and comparative study of two important complexes of talha: one from St. Alberto's church, integrating the visiti...
The present paper deals with the microscopic and colorimetric characterization of 18 thermally and photo-resistant pigments, obtained by co-precipitation in an aqueous system, based on phosphate and zinc chromate chromophore structures, chemically doped with Mn(II), Fe(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II) and Bi(III) cations. The optical microscopic analys...
This paper presents a new method for the determination of the normal range of variation of the equilibrium moisture content (ΔEMC) for limewood (lindenwood) on the basis of the variation of the reversible moisture content (RMC) as a result of the isothermal and isobar processes of adsorption/hydration at 100% RH and desorption/dehydration at 10% RH...
This is the second paper belonging to a study concerning the authentication of ancient easel-paintings, on canvas and wood support, from private and public collections, by using the FT-IR spectrophotometry technique for the analysis of the painting materials. Different pigments, egg binders, caseins and animal glue, often found in ancient easel-pai...
This paper deals with the study of polychrome materials (pigments and proteinaceous or lipids binders) of the 18-th and 19-th centuries orthodox icons on wood or canvas support, belonging to some monachal and private collections in Moldova, by means of the " cross-section" -type microstratigraphical analysis, mixed with "staining tests", in order t...
This work establishes a multiscale and multitechnique nondestructive approach as valid methodology for monitoring surface properties and evaluating the effectiveness of enzymatic removal of varnishes from paintings/polychrome artefacts.
Mock-up samples (documented reconstructions of oil, tempera, and gilded layers on canvas and wooden supports) wer...
The research results presented in this paper are part of a larger study on the materials and techniques used in polychrome altarpieces of gilded woodcarving decoration ("talha dourada") in Portugal. The paper focuses on a narrative Portuguese Altarpiece from Miranda do Douro, considered one of the masterpieces of "talha dourada" among all the retab...
The article studies thermal resistance variation by analyzing the colorimetric parameters correlated with the optical microscopy data of two groups of ceramic pigments obtained by co-precipitation in aqueous medium of phosphate anion and of a mixture of chromium phosphate with various chromophore cations. This research enabled us to reveal the ther...
The identification and localization of the proteinaceous binders are essential issues in studies of painting materials and techniques, for further proposing valid restoration and conservation treatments of the painted or polychrome works of art. The challenge for analytical chemists and conservation scientists is the availability of methods able to...
Consolidation of frail, degraded wood is a key issue of wooden cultural heritage conservation. Paraloid B72 is one of the most often used consolidant in conservation practice. The present research aimed at formulating stable consolidation solutions of Paraloid B72 with ZnO nano-additives and at determining the influence of these additives on the pe...
Most archaeological bronze items discovered in recent years in Moldova and Dobrogea (Romania) have corrosion crusts on their surface, concentrically or radially stratified. This phenomenon, known as the Liesegang effect, manifests itself differently in regard to its extension, stratification and disposition, according to the base alloy composition,...
The article presents a review of the use of cross-section and staining techniques for investigating natural organic materials (mainly proteinaceous and oil-based binders/varnishes) in painted and polychrome artworks, considering the requirements of conservation practice and routine diagnostics. The reviewed literature calls attention to the importa...
Fluorescence microscopy and microspectrofluorometry are important tools in the characterization and identification of proteins, offering a great range of applications in conservation science. Because of their high selectivity and sensitivity, the combination of these techniques can be exploited for improved recognition and quantification of protein...
This paper is a review on the studies performed through imaging and spectroscopy-based analytical methods on ancient ‘gilded’ art-objects (9th–19th centuries) from the European cultural heritage.
The review takes into consideration the gilded surfaces in polychrome art objects (easel and mural paintings, polychrome wooden objects, gilt leather and...
This paper proposes the first results of a larger study on the behavior of gilded surfaces of polychrome heritage artefacts with the aim to understanding the surface patterns and roughness variations before and after specific treatments (burnishing and varnishing). This study can be useful to trace correlations between the compositional features, m...
The paper proposes a short review on gilding techniques and materials from artifacts of religious heritage between 14th and 18th centuries, mainly gilt wood and gilded panel paintings. The study underlines the main aspects related to the use of certain materials and application techniques in different countries and époques, between Eastern and West...
This paper presents a study on the technique and materials used in the panel painting entitled Pentecostes, attributed to the artist Fernão Gomes (XVIIth century), housed in the Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga, in Lisbon. The study also includes the diagnosis of the conservation state of the painting and the description of the cleaning intervention....
This article presents an integrated approach for the authentication of five Russian icons through the study of their paint materials (elemental composition and stratigraphic mapping), state of conservation and artistic technique. The results of the applied analytical protocol, involving optical and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-d...
The alloys prove good properties in comparison with components relative to anticorrosion protection replacing the galvanic depositions with a single metal. In machine building industry the electrodeposited zinc-nickel alloys are used to protect steel pieces, because these films delay the formation of iron oxides. This paper depicts the electrochemi...
This article covers a methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of cleaning two Russian icons. The icons belong to a group of five from the same iconographic school, dating from the 16th to 17th centuries. An integrated and complementary approach to varnish and overpaint removal involved microscopic techniques (optical and scanning electron micr...
This is the second paper belonging to a study concerning the authentication of ancient easel-paintings, on canvas and wood support, from private and public collections, by using the FT-IR spectrophotometry technique for the analysis of the painting materials. Different pigments, egg binders, caseins and animal glue, often found in ancient easel-pai...
The paper deals with an original study on the identification of chemical nature of some binders from ancient easel-painting on wooden or textile support from private and public collections. The research establishes the conservation state of binders from the polychrome layers, using the gas-chromatographic techniques assisted by pyrolisis, with or w...
