Irina Karadjova

• PhD
• Professor at Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski"

In this Special Issue, we invite researchers who have developed and/or applied various chemical, electrochemical, spectroscopic, and nuclear analytical methods, as well as sample preparation protocols, to present their results on the chemical profile of plants with potential applications in medicine, pharmacy or used as ingredients in functional fo...

A sol-gel approach was used to prepare a thin hydrogel membrane based on an organic-inorganic polymer matrix embedded with pre-synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The organic polymers utilized were poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(ethylene oxide) 400 (PEO) while tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) served as a precursor for the inorganic silica polymer....

A sol-gel approach was used to prepare a thin hydrogel membrane based on an organic-inorganic polymer matrix embedded with pre-synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The organic polymers utilized were poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(ethylene oxide) 400 (PEO), while tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) served as a precursor for the inorganic silica polymer....

Bulgarian wines are renowned worldwide and serve as a symbol of the country. However, ensuring wine authenticity and establishing reliable methods for its assessment are critical challenges in wine quality control. This study investigates the migration of chemical elements within the soil/grape/wine system and utilizes the findings to develop a met...

The solid phase extraction of Au, Ir, Pd, Pt, and Rh on a polymer gel modified with ionic liquid containing methylimidazolium groups (MIA-PG) has been investigated. The positively charged surface of the sorbent is highly suitable for the sorption of stable chlorido complexes of the studied analytes, while the retention of base metals Cu, Fe, Ni, Zn...

The high silicon content in rice plant waste, specifically rice husks, makes this waste by-product attractive for the extraction and valorization of silicon oxide, which is widely used as an inert support in catalysis, drug delivery and molecular sieving. The procedures currently used for the treatment of plant biomass make extensive use of mineral...

Some chemical characteristics of Spirulina from different countries (the USA, China, Belgium, and Bulgaria) were investigated. The study includes a comparative analysis of the content of some elements, tocopherols, and fatty acids in spirulina. The total lipids of the examined sample varied from 1.9 % (China) to 6.1 % (Belgium). Gas chromatography...

A new ionic liquid modified polymer gel containing methylimidazolium groups (poly(MIA)) is proposed as a sorbent for the separation and enrichment of trace inorganic and organic arsenic species in surface waters. The poly(MIA) was synthesized by chemical modification of polymeric precursor using post-polymerization modification of poly(glycidyl met...

The holoparasitic species Cuscuta planiflora Ten. (Convolvulaceae) parasitizes the Ni hyperaccumulator Odontarrhena muralis (Waldst. & Kit.) Endl. and a non-hyperaccumulator, Sanguisorba minor Scop., in Bulgarian serpentine areas. This study investigated the host/parasite relationship to evaluate: (1) metal accumulation in different parts of the pa...

Speciation analysis is a relevant topic since the (eco)toxicity, bioavailability, bio (geo)chemical cycles, and mobility of a given element depend on its chemical forms (oxidation state, organic ligands, etc.). The reliability of analytical results for chemical species of elements depends mostly on the maintaining of their stability during the samp...

Speciation analysis is a relevant topic since the (eco)toxicity, bioavailability, bio (geo)chemical cycles, and mobility of a given element depend on its chemical forms (oxidation state, organic ligands, etc.). Reliability of analytical results for chemical species of elements depends mostly on the maintaining of their stability during sample pretr...

Granular and powdery clinoptilolite tuff samples from Beli Plast, Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria, were coated with metal hydroxides (Fe, Al, Fe-Mg) by two-step alkalization. The prepared sorbents were tested for As(III) and As(V) uptake from a modeled water solution with an arsenic concentration of 44 μg/L. The granular sorbent was used in the sorption...

The powdered sorbents were applied in a batch system under "static" conditions and showed a much higher adsorption capacity than the granular one. These type of sorbents are more suitable for small quantities of water with a high concentration of arsenic. The possibilities of using all the tested methods for arsenic removal have been evaluated, and...

A method for the determination of uranium in surface and ground water samples is developed and validated. The method is based on ICP-MS measurement under optimized instrumental parameters using Re as an internal standard. Model solutions containing major cations in natural waters such as Na, K, Ca, Mg are prepared and used to study the observed mat...

A novel SbIII-imprinted polymer was synthesized via radical copolymerization of methacrylic acid and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate in the presence of 2-mercapto-N-(2-naphthyl)acetamide as a chelating ligand forming the functionality of specific binding sites. The extent of ligand incorporation in the active centres was evaluated by elemental a...

The possibilities of cold vapor-atomic absorption spectrometry (CV-AAS) for the determination and speciation of mercury in wine samples are critically discussed in the present study. In a first step, the direct determination of Hg using SnCl2 and NaBH4 as reducing agents is attempted. The influence of the type of reducing agent and its concentratio...

Novel Cr(III)-imprinted poly(vinyl alcohol)/sodium alginate/AuNPs hydrogel membranes (Cr(III)-IIMs) were obtained and characterized and further applied as a sorbent for chromium speciation in waters. Cr(III)-IIMs were prepared via solution blending method using blends of poly(vinyl alcohol) and sodium alginate as film-forming materials, poly(ethyle...

An analytical method for uranium determination in waters, wine and honey was developed based on solid phase extraction (SPE) with new ion imprinted polymer. The sorbent was synthesized using 4-(2-Pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR) as a ligand via dispersion polymerization and characterized by SEM for morphology and shape of polymer particles and nitrogen...

Beebread from serpentine localities in Albania and Bulgaria were characterized based on their pollen and chemical element content (macroelements K, Ca, Mg, P and microelements Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Zn) aiming to (1) evaluate the effect of serpentine soil on the quality of beebread; (2) compare elemental concentrations in samples from...

The effect of template species – Fe(II) complexes with 4‐(2‐pyridylazo)resorcinol or 2,2′‐bipyridine as well as the functional monomers: acidic (methacrylic acid) and neutral (hydroxyethyl methacrylate) on the extraction efficiency and applicability of Fe(II) ion‐imprinted polymers for iron speciation in surface waters is presented in this study. T...

Sempervivum tectorum L. is an evergreen plant belonging to a large family of the Crassulaceae. The fresh juice of the plant is used as a folk remedy almost exclusively for external purposes. The combination of several instrumental methods—transmission and fluorescence spectroscopy, ICP-MS spectrometry, and assays for the assessment of antioxidant a...

Sempervivumtectorum L. is an evergreen plant with fleshy blue-green leaves forming a rosette. The plant is well-known in alternative medicine and has been used for thousands of years. Traditionally for medicinal purposes, the plant is used as a juice obtained by simple squeezing of fresh plants leaves. The total content of Ca, K, Na, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn...

In this study, a new method for selective determination of Cr(VI) in water samples at pH 4 is presented using raffinose capped silver nanoparticles (Ag/Raff NPs) as an optical sensor. The method is based on the variation of LSPR absorption band intensity as a result of electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged Ag/Raff NPs and positiv...

The aim of the current study is to evaluate Cu accumulation levels in Lepidium sativum L. growing in different media, as -1 distilled water (DW)with +125 and +250 mg.l added copper ions, and purified industrial wastewater (PIWW), with the same 2+ concentrations of copper ions in addition. It was registered that the accumulation of Cu in Lepidium sa...

The chapter reviews the available data about the effect of habitat related metal content on Teucrium chamaedrys and T. montanum (Lamiaceae). The study was focused on element concentrations in plant and soil samples, both on metalliferous and non-metalliferous soils. Metal concentrations varied depending on species and habitat type. The levels of el...

A novel non-chromatographic approach for speciation analysis of mercury was developed based on sequential application of silver and gold nanocomposites as sorbents for solid phase extraction. The nanocomposite materials consisted by AgNPs or AuNPs grafted on submicronsized silica spheres (SiO2-NH2@AgNPs and SiO2-NH2@AuNPs) were prepared by multiste...

An optical sensor for sensitive and selective detection of iron(III) has been developed based on redox interaction of Fe(III) ions with starch-coated silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) in the presence of 0.001 mol/L HCl. Starch-coated Ag-NPs with an average diameter of 15.43.9 nm were successfully synthesized through a simple green method using D-gluco...

Supplementary Information Penka Vasileva, Ivanka Dakova, Tanya Yordanova*, Irina Karadjova Supplement: New composite sorbent for speciation analysis of soluble chromium in textiles

Micrometer-sized silica spheres coated with a layer of Cr(VI) imprinted methylimidazolium ionic liquid were synthesized and applied for fast and selective determination of leachable Cr(VI) in fabrics. The silica cores were synthesized via original seeded growth procedure. Formation of ionic liquid layer onto their surface was simultaneously combine...

In this study, raffinose-coated silver nanoparticles (Ag@Raff NPs) with narrow size distribution were synthesized by green ultrasound-assisted reduction method employing raffinose as both reducing and protecting reagent in alkaline reaction medium. UV-visible absorption spectrum of the light yellow aqueous nanoparticle dispersion showed surface pla...

The chapter presents the application of smart nanomaterials and smart composite systems based on nanomaterials for speciation analysis. High chemical activity, specific functionality, versatility, and selectivity are only a few of the beneficial features of smart nanomaterials providing high efficiency of analytical procedures for the separation an...

The quality of bee bread samples collected from south eastern serpentine areas in Albania and Bulgaria was evaluated and compared on the basis of their pollen content by qualitative melissopalynological analysis, chemical composition and morphological characteristic of bee bread. The pollen morphological data after standard acetolysis method were u...

Water quality is influenced by natural local climate, geology and anthropogenic effects. In the present study, surface waters in hydrographic area, situated in mining region, in the vicinity of abandon copper mine, are characterized and their quality assessed from the view point of the requirements of European Water Frame Directive and Drinking Wat...

The objective of the present study was to investigate selected trace and mineral elements in Royal Jelly (RJ) from Bulgaria. A total of 30 RJ samples were included in the study. The analytical procedure consisted of the microwave digestion of the RJ samples with nitric acid followed by instrumental measurement. Concentrations of Al, Ba, Ca, Cr, Cu,...

Stabilized polymeric aggregates (SPAs) comprising poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) chains were studied as a delivery platform for cisplatin. SPAs were prepared by blending a poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer with a poly(acrylic acid)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(acrylic acid) triblock c...

A sensitive and selective Hg 2+ optical sensor has been developed based on the redox interaction of Hg 2+ with starch-coated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the presence of 0.005 mol L −1 HNO 3. The relative intensity of the localized surface plasmon absorption band of AgNPs at 406 nm is linearly dependent on the concentration of Hg 2+ with positiv...

In this paper, we proposed a procedure for the determination of Fe(III) and total Fe(II) + Fe(III) in wine samples employing newly synthesized Fe(II) ion imprinted polymer (Fe(II)-IIP) as a sorbent incorporated in dispersive solid phase extraction. Cross-linked precipitation copolymerization using 4-vinylpyridine (functional monomer), trimethylolpr...

This study is focused on the synthesis of chromate anion imprinted sorbent supported on silica gel for nonchromatographic Cr speciation in surface waters. The preparation procedure is based on grafting of 3-methyl-1-trimethoxysilylpropylimidazolium, preliminarily coordinated to CrO2-4 as a template ion, onto the surface of silica gel. Sorption and...

The contents and spatial distributions of various chemical elements in soil in the Veles region, Republic of Macedonia, are presented. For this purpose, soil samples from two layers (0–5 cm and 20–30 cm) from 53 locations with a network of 5 × 5 km were collected. The samples were analyzed by the application of atomic emission spectrometry with ind...

Various types of nanomaterials such as magnetic nanoparticles, carbon nanostructures, metal oxides, noble metal nanoparticles, and ion imprinted polymers have been incorporated in new innovative approaches for speciation analysis. Small size, high surface to volume ratio, and high chemical reactivity are the properties which make them ideal sorbent...

The objective of the present study was to investigate selected trace and mineral elements in Royal Jelly (RJ) from Bulgaria. A total of 30 RJ samples were included in the study. The analytical procedure consisted of the microwave digestion of the RJ samples with nitric acid followed by instrumental measurement. Concentrations of Al, Ba, Ca, Cr, Cu,...

Molecularly imprinted polymers are materials with remarkable properties the main of which is the extremely high selectivity toward the imprinted molecule. Due to the memory effect introduced into the polymer matrix during the preparation process, these materials have a strong affinity toward the target analyte and could be successfully used for sel...

The purpose of this study was to establish total and bioavailable contents of chemical elements in attic dust and their distribution in the area of the town Kavadarci, Republic of Macedonia, and in this way to evaluate the exposure of population to toxic metals in areas with high industrial influences from the ferro-nickel smelter plant. The attic...

The purpose of this study was to establish total and bioavailable contents of chemical elements in attic dust and their distribution in the area of the town of Kavadarci, Republic of Macedonia, and in this way to evaluate the exposure of population to toxic metals in areas with high industrial influences from the ferro-nickel smelter plant. The att...

This study presented the results of HPLC-DAD microcystin and nodularin analyses from five Bul-garian water bodies (reservoirs Stoudena, Pchelina and Bistritsa, and lakes Dourankoulak and Vaya) carried out in 2012-2014, as a continuation of our work from 2004 to 2005 and in 2011, and first data on microcystins in the lake Momin Brod were detected in...

The herb Hypericum perforatum L. – otherwise known as St John’s Wort – that grows on serpentine and non-serpentine sites is widely used in traditional medicine in Bulgaria. Plant aerial parts (Hiperici herba) as well as methanol/water (1 : 1) and water extracts prepared from eight populations growing on and off serpentine were analysed for essentia...

The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of toxic elements Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cd, Zn, Hg, As and Cr(VI) employing spectroscopic techniques ICP–AES, ETAAS and CVAAS, and to assess the possibility of using the sludge for application on agricultural land. Sewage sludge (n=21 samples) was collected in different seasons in the period 2007–...

The nanocomposite films of chitosan (CS) or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) loaded down with pre-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared by green chemical approach and studied as an efficient sorbents for solid phase extraction of various chemical elements. Film synthesis is simple and consists of two steps: preparation of AgNPs dispersion a...

The degree of extraction of Au (III) from hydrochloric acid solutions on 4-aminoantipyrine Schiff bases modified silica gel was studied. Quantitative sorption of Au (III) on the surface of the sorbent containing azomethine group was achieved in the presence of 0.1-1 mol/L HCl. Metal retained on the sorbent surface can be recovered with 0.7 M thiour...

New Cu(II)-imprinted poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-trimethylolpropane tri-methacrylate) copolymer gels (Cu-IIPs) were prepared by precipitation copolymerization for the selective solid phase extraction of Cu(II). The Cu- IIPs were characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and nitr...

This study reports on accumulation of Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Pb in insect species (grasshoppers) from different sites in the vicinity of a copper smelter and copper-flotation factory in mining region Pirdop, Bulgaria. Higher concentrations of Pb and Cd were found in the summer and autumn captured insects from the sample sites closer to the flot...

An analytical method using silica supported silver nanoparticles as a novel sorbent for the enrichment and determination of inorganic mercury (iHg) in surface water samples has been developed. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized by a completely green procedure and were deposited onto the amine functionalized surface of silica submicrosphe...

The objective of this study was to investigate the level of 17 trace ele- ments in wild-harvested fruits (Crataegus monogyna, Cornus mas, Vaccinium vitis-idaea and Vaccinium myrtillus) grown in Plovdiv region in order to define their significance for healthy nutrition. The essential (Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Co and Se), toxic elements (Pb, Cd, Hg, As an...

Microcystins cause acute hepatotoxicity and chronic liver tumor promotion. This study presents the results of HPLC DAD analyses and their LC-MS confirmation of samples from five Bulgarian water bodies (reservoirs Stoudena, Pchelina, Bistritsa and lakes Dourankoulak, Vaya). The total concentration of microcystins in water samples ranged from 0.1 to...

The objective of this study was to investigate the level of 17 trace elements in wild-harvested fruits (Crataegus monogyna, Cornus mas, Vaccinium vitis-idaea and Vaccinium myrtillus) grown in Plovdiv region in order to define their significance for healthy nutrition. The essential (Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Co and Se), toxic elements (Pb, Cd, Hg, As and...

In this study mineral content (Tl) of different einkorn samples Triticum monococcum, limez (in Bulgarian) grown in Eastern Rhodope mountains and local varieties of cultivated crops: wheat and barley was determined and discussed from the view point of healthy eating. Additionally ash content of the hulls, and phase composition of the ashes were defi...

Royal jelly (RJ) is commonly consumed for its nutritional properties and it has been widely used in commercial medical products, health foods and cosmetics in many countries. Because of the high price of this product, sometimes RJ can be adulterated by adding other less expensive products, like drone brood (DB). Proper identification of both import...

Populations of medicinal plants growing on serpentines and their respective soils were analyzed for Fe, Ni, Mn, Cr, Co, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Pb using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Aqua regia extraction and 0.43 M acetic acid extraction were used for the quantification of pseudototal and bioavailable fractions, respectively, of...

Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin) was immobilized in a star-shaped polymer carrier. In order to define whether this polymer could be used as a drug delivery system for cisplatin, its characteristics, e.g. loading efficiency and release profile of cisplatin from the polymer in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), have to be assessed, and henc...

The purpose of this article is to evaluate the toxicological effect of wastewater emitted from " Radomir Metal Industries". It has been registered that the range of 50% mortality (LC50) of great water flea (Daphnia magna St.) is limited between 75% and 80% effluent. The data mortality rate-effluent dilution for Pseudorasbora parva well correlated w...

Trace elemental concentrations (Fe, Ni, Mn, Cr, Co, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, and As) in aerial biomass (stems, leaves, and flowers) of the medicinal plants Teucrium chamaedrys, T. montanum, and T. polium growing on serpentine soils in Bulgaria were examined in relation to the total element contents in their respective rhizospheric soils. The objectives of t...

This work examines the system of surface waters on the territory of Bulgaria, represented by their elemental composition. The isotopes in the range 7-238 amu were measured by Agilent 7700x ICP-MS instrument in 120 samples (collected from regulated monitoring points). For data evaluation and resolution of classification tasks, several chemometric te...

The influence of polymer matrix on the extraction efficiency for Cu(II) and selectivity against metal ions such as Ni(II), Cd(II), Pb(II) of Cu(II) imprinted copolymer gels was described. The functional monomers investigated include the weakly basic 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP) and its mixure with the acidic and hydrogen binding methacrylic acid. Copolym...

In this study new Hg(II) core-shell imprinted sorbents (Hg(II)-IIPs) were prepared and tested for speciation and determination of Hg in wine. The silica gel, chemically modified with 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TSPM) was used as supporting material. The Hg(II)-imprinted polymer layer was grafted by copolymerization of methacrylic acid a...

A simple classification of various sorbents and solid-phase extraction procedures used for preconcentration of trace levels of Au, Pd, and Pt from different sample types is proposed in this review article. The large variety of available sorbents/procedures has been organized according to expected mechanisms of sorption process (complex formation; i...

A sorbent L-cysteine grafted silica gel has been evaluated for separation and enrichment of dissolved inorganic i-Hg(II) and methylmercury CH3Hg(I) from surface waters at sub-µg L−1 concentrations. Chemical parameters for mercury species enrichment and separation have been optimized. Analytical schemes for the determination of Hg species, using sel...

The industrial environmental "hot spots" create significant ecological hazards for terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Guidelines and legislation often refer to the total amount of contamination without estimating the complex relationship between the environmental factors and the toxicant. In cases of suspicion for adverse effect on the environment...

Stable and uniform starch-stabilized silver nanoparticles with average diameter 14.4±3.3nm are synthesized via green synthetic procedure, using ultrasound mediated reduction of silver nitrate by d-glucose. UV–vis spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis and di...

Chitosan membranes (non-crosslinked, crosslinked, and modified with L-cysteine) were evaluated as sorbents prior to electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) determination of total dissolved metal content in surface water samples. Different types of chitosan membranes were prepared in the presence or absence of L-cysteine. Chemical para...

Total dissolved and labile concentrations of Cd(II), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Pb(II) were determined at six locations of the Bourgas Gulf of the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. Solid phase extraction procedure based on monodisperse, submicrometer silica spheres modified with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane followed by the electrothermal atomic absorption spectr...

A new sorbent based on cysteine modified silica gel (SiG-cys) was prepared and studied for preconcentration and separation of noble metals Au(III), Pd(II), Pt(II), Pt(IV). Its extraction efficiency was examined by batch and column solid phase extraction procedures. Laboratory experiments performed showed that sorbent is characterized with high sele...

In this research, submicronsized silica (SiO 2) spheres with uniform spherical morphology are grown using the Stöber sol-gel process and subsequently, functionalized with (3-aminopropyl)-trimethoxysilane (APS). These spheres are further modified by chemical binding with L-cysteine (SiO 2-CYS). The composition, structure, morphology and surface prop...

This article reviews methods for the determination and identification of trace elements in wine by using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Wine is one of the most widely consumed beverages and strict analytical control of trace elements content is required during the whole process of wine production from grape to the final product. Levels of tr...

Metal ion-imprinted polymer particles have been prepared by copolymerization of methacrylic acid as monomer, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate as cross-linking agent and 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator, in the presence of Hg(II)-1-(2-thiazolylazo)-2-naphthol complex. The separation and preconcentration characteristics of the Hg-ion-imprin...

Trace metal speciation in seawater from the Bulgarian Black Sea coast was studied in situ by hollow fiber permeation liquid membrane (HF-PLM) and by diffusion gradients in thin-film gels (DGT). The concentrations of Cd, Cu, Ni, and Pb determined by HF-PLM were lower than those measured by DGT, in agreement with their analytical windows, e.g., free...

A simple and sensitive method has been developed for the determination of trace elements (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Fe and Pb) in sea water and natural waters by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The method is based on column solid phase extraction of trace elements on a newly synthesized polycarboxylic gel. The sorbent was prepared by dispersio...

Trace metal speciation in seawater from the Bulgarian Black Sea coast was studied in situ by hollow fiber permeation liquid membrane (HF-PLM) and by diffusion gradients in thin- film gels (DGT). The concentrations of Cd, Cu, Ni, and Pb determined by HF-PLM were lower than those measured by DGT, in agreement with their analytical windows, e.g., free...

An accurate, reliable and fast procedure for the direct Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (ETAAS) determination of a number of trace metals (Bi, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Sb) in lavender oil has been developed. Sample preparation consists of simple diluting of lavender oil 1+1 or 1+2 m/m with isopropanol or 1,4-dioxane. Pyrolytic g...

The present study focuses on the biouptake, biotransformations, and toxicity of arsenic species on the marine green alga Chlorella salina in seawater from the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. Exposure to equal concentrations of As(III) or As(V) led to equivalent levels of toxicity and total intracellular arsenic content. Biouptake and toxicity of methyla...

Simple and rapid analytical procedures for the determination of Hg2+ and methylmercury in fish were proposed after careful optimization of chemical and instrumental parameters for Hg measurement by cold vapor (CV)/hydride generation (HG) atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and CV/HG inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES)...

The analytical procedure for trace elements (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn) determination in various manganese salts (manganese sulfate, manganese chloride) is described. Preliminary separation of matrix element is based on the different kinetics of reextraction of dithiocarbamate complexes of the trace elements and manganese. Analytical procedure cons...

This study summarizes briefly the sources of Malachite green contamination and the wide range of its toxic effects. The photodegradation of this cationic triphenylmethane dye by TiO 2 and TiO 2 /WO 3 composite is examined under different experimental conditions. Two types of salts-oxalate and hydrochloride were studied and unexpectedly different ki...

A rapid, accurate, and precise method is described for the determination of Pb in wine using continuous-flow hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (CF-HGAFS). Sample pretreatment consists of ten-fold dilution of wine followed by direct plumbane generation in the presence of 0.1 mol L(-1) HCl and 1% m/v K(3)[Fe(CN)(6)] with 1% m/v NaBH...

The parameters of analytical procedures developed for direct ETAAS determination of Pb in wine are discussed. Atomic absorption spectrometers based on transversal and longitudinal Zeeman effect, wall and integrated platform atomization with two main approaches: (i) measurements in the presence of modifier and (ii) measurements without using any mo...

Bulgaria is a famous world producer of essential oils. Quality control of the lavender oils produced is an important analytical task in view of their wide use in perfumery and cosmetics, the food industry and aromatherapy. The present paper studies the relationship between the trace elements content in lavender inflorescence (Lavandula angustifolia...

Analytical problems in determination of arsenic in marine tissues are addressed. Procedures for the determination of total As in solubilized or extracted tissues with tetramethylammonium hydroxide and methanol have been elaborated. Several typical lyophilized tissues were used: NIST SRM 1566a ‘Oyster Tissue’, BCR-60 CRM ‘Trace Elements in an Aquati...