Irina Georgescu

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Verified

Irina verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

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• PhD
• Professor (Associate) at Bucharest University of Economic Studies

This study employs the Fourier-augmented ARDL (FARDL) model to explore the determinants of CO2 emissions in Spain over the period 1990–2023. Main variables include GDP per capita, renewable energy consumption (RENC), patent applications (PA), and trade openness (TO). The long-run results indicate that a 1% increase in GDP leads to a 0.35% rise in C...

This study examines the relationship between emissions and agricultural production in India from 1990 to 2023, using an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. Key agricultural indicators analyzed include the Food Production Index (FPI), Cereal Production (CP), Livestock Production Index (LPI), and the value added by Agriculture, Forestry, an...

Purpose This study examines the dynamic and nonlinear effects of economic growth, urbanization, and renewable energy consumption on Finland’s ecological footprint from 1990 to 2022. Using DARDL and KRLS models, it analyzes short- and long-term relationships, testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis and assessing renewable energy’s role in...

This study explores the dynamic relationship between economic growth, technological innovation, and CO2 emissions in BRICS nations, integrating the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) and Innovation Claudia Curve (ICC) frameworks. Using a panel ARDL approach on data from 1991 to 2023, we investigate the long-run and short-run interactions between GDP...

The aim of this study is to empirically examine the relationship between renewable energy consumption and the ecological footprint (EF), using Denmark as a case study, based on data covering the period from 1990 to 2020. In examining this relationship, the roles of agricultural, forestry, and fisheries value-added; economic growth; and financial de...

Finland's energy system relies heavily on nuclear power, achieving one of the highest load capacity factors (LCF) globally. This study examines the long- and short-run dynamics between Finland's LCF and the economic variables—gross domestic product (GDP), nuclear power generation (NUK), and patent applications (PA)—using a nonlinear autoregressive...

Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to analyze the evolution of economic and environmental factors in Finland during the period 1990–2022, exploring the complex interactions between Gross Domestic Product (GDP), nuclear energy production, innovation (measured by patents) and the electric grid load capacity factor (LCF). Design/methodology/a...

This study provides a bibliometric analysis of the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) framework in sustainable development, highlighting its ethical dimensions and corporate responsibility. Using R Studio and VOSviewer, we examine research trends from 2001 to 2023, revealing a 23.23% annual growth in publications, strong global engagement, and increasing int...

The credibility theory was introduced by B. Liu as a new way to describe the fuzzy uncertainty. The credibility measure is the fundamental notion of the credibility theory. Recently, L.Yang and K. Iwamura extended the credibility measure by defining the parametric measure mλ (λ is a real parameter in the interval [0, 1] and for λ = 1/2 we obtain as...

Security market valuations and their fundamentals, such as company earnings, are of the interest of not only investors, but also company finance managers, as well as central banks due to their focus on financial stability. Identification of the key financial ratios, which can predict stock market valuation levels is of crucial importance. In this s...

Purpose The Black Sea countries hold geopolitical, economic and environmental relevance. This paper aims to analyze the relationship between CO2 emissions, economic growth, urbanization (URB), access to electricity (ACEL), foreign direct investment (FDI) and the integration of renewables (RES) in the region, offering insights from both economic and...

This study evaluates the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI), per capita GDP, renewable energy consumption, and urbanization on India’s CO2 emissions over the period 1990–2023. In the context of rapid economic growth and urbanization, India faces major challenges related to environmental sustainability. Using the ARDL (Autoregressive Distribu...

With rising concerns about environmental sustainability, examining the economic-environmental nexus is essential. This study investigates the relationship between economic growth (GDP), renewable energy consumption (RENC), urbanization (URB), and foreign direct investment (FDI) with Norway’s ecological footprint from 1990 to 2023. Guided by the Env...

This study provides a bibliometric analysis of the literature on circular economy in Romania, using data from the Web of Science database. The study covers the period from 1992 to 2023 and examines 741 articles from 253 different sources. The results show an annual growth rate of 15.86% in scientific production, highlighting a growing interest in s...

Our research investigates the determinants of CO₂ emissions in Latin American countries (LAC), focusing on the roles of renewable energy consumption (RENC), economic growth (GDP), foreign direct investment (FDI), urbanization (URB), and access to electricity (ACEL). Employing a panel ARDL model, we account for both short-run and long-run dynamics b...

This study aims to address the persistent regional economic disparities in Romania by evaluating economic performance through Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (pARDL) and panel quantile regression (PQR) models. The analysis focuses on the impact of key economic variables, including research and development expenditures (CTCRD), IT infrastructur...

This study investigates the complex relationship between institutional quality and socio-economic and political factors in Muslim-majority countries using advanced statistical and machine learning techniques. Using the Quality of Government (QoG) dataset and measures of economic, political and civil freedoms, we apply Factor Analysis of Mixed Data...

This study uses the novel Fourier-augmented ARDL (FARDL) to explore the impact of renewable energy (REN), the number of patent applications (PA) and GDP per capita on CO2 emissions in Finland during 1990–2022. The findings reveal that in the long run, GDP rises CO2 emissions, while REN and PA decrease CO2 emissions. The FARDL short-run results indi...

This study investigates the factors influencing CO2 emissions in Romania from 1990 to 2023 using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. Before the ARDL model, we identified a set of six policies that were ranked using Fuzzy Electre, Topsis, DEMATEL, and Vikor. The multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods have highlighted the importan...

The ecological footprint (EF) has a complex relationship with several key factors, including economic growth, nuclear energy, urban population, and renewables. The scope of this paper is to analyze the effect of renewables (REN), GDP per capita, urbanization (URB), and nuclear energy (NUK) on EF by means of the ARDL model for Finland and Japan. The...

The purpose of this study, which adopts a cybernetics systems approach, is to analyze the circular economy landscape in Romania. It investigates the role of circular economy practices in the country’s endeavors to combat climate change and minimize its environmental footprint. Using data spanning from 2000 to 2022, we applied the autoregressive dis...

This research examines the impact of economic policy uncertainty, GDP, population and renewable energy consumption on CO2 emissions in BRIC countries from 1991 to 2023. The objective is to understand the long-term relationships among these variables and provide relevant insights. Using fully modified ordinary least squares and dynamic ordinary leas...

The recent paradigm shift in global politics from the era of free trade and globalization towards securitization of economic interconnections has brought geopolitical risk into the center of business decisions. Business lead-ers are pointing out geopolitics as the greatest business risk causing, e.g. disruptions in global supply chains. However, a...

This study examines Finland’s increasing investment in solar energy as part of its broader strategy to transition to renewable energy sources. Despite its northern location and limited sunlight during winter months, Finland has effectively harnessed solar power, especially during its long summer days. We conducted a PESTLE analysis, highlighting po...

The credibility theory was introduced by B. Liu as a new way to describe the fuzzy uncertainty. The credibility measure is the fundamental notion of the credibility theory. Recently, L.Yang and K. Iwamura extended the credibility measure by defining the parametric measure $m_{\lambda}$ ($\lambda$ is a real parameter in the interval $[0,1]$ and for...

In the proposed paper, we investigate macroeconomic stability using instruments of intuitionistic linguistic fuzzy set. For calculating the level of macroeconomic stability were used the indicators proposed by World Bank and Maastricht Treaty. By using statistical data of Azerbaijan Republic, the level of macroeconomic stability of the country is d...

Discrepancies between several SouthEastern European (SEE) countries and Nordic countries are investigated in this paper using an econometric analysis. Its aim is to examine the relationship between CO 2 emissions, GDP per cap-ita, urban population (URB) and electricity production from Renewable Energy Sources (RES)-EPREN, excluding hydroelectric fo...

This study investigates the application of advanced simulation and modeling technologies to optimize the performance and reliability of renewable energy systems. Given the urgent need to combat climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, integrating renewable energy sources into existing infrastructure is essential. Using bibliometric metho...

This study focuses on deforestation, a key aspect of the current environmental decline linked to worldwide economic development and increasing populations. It examines how renewable energy consumption (RENC), GDP per capita, urbanization (URB) and foreign direct investments (FDI) have influenced the expansion of forest areas (FAG) in Romania from 1...

This paper delves into an econometric analysis to uncover the differences between Nordic European Countries-NEC (Norway, Denmark, Finland, Sweden) and SouthEast European Countries-SEEC (Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary). The focus is on exploring the interplay among electricity generation from Renewable Energy Sources (RES), CO 2 emissions, urban...

In the context of increasing concerns about environmental sustainability and economic growth, this study evaluates the Environmental Phillips Curve hypothesis within Finland’s STIRPAT framework from 1990 to 2022. Finland is renowned for its commitment to environmental policies and renewable energy innovations, yet it faces challenges in balancing e...

Each economy faces the challenge of escalating carbon emissions, a factor which leads to environmental degradation. This study explores the impact of GDP per capita, FDI and energy use on ecological footprint in Finland during 1990-2021 using the ARDL model and checks the existence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve. Three hypotheses were proposed...

Purpose In this paper, we aim to provide an extensive analysis to understand how various factors influence electricity prices in competitive markets, focusing on the day-ahead electricity market in Romania. Design/methodology/approach Our study period began in January 2019, before the COVID-19 pandemic, and continued for several months after the...

Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic and the onset of the conflict in Ukraine led to a sustained downturn in tourist arrivals (TA) in Russia. This paper aims to explore the influence of geopolitical risk (GPR) and other indices on TA over 1995–2023. Design/methodology/approach We employ a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model to analyze t...

In this paper, we mainly investigate three variables from the price volatility point of view: Brent crude oil, S&P500 and Bitcoin (BTCUSD), aiming to underline the impact of price volatility. Brent crude oil accounts for two-thirds of the oil market. Its price volatility has a significant impact on environmental, transportation, mobility, economic...

AI advancements are poised to substantially modify human abilities in the foreseeable future. They include the integration of Brain–Computer Interfaces (BCIs) to augment cognitive functions, the application of gene editing, and the utilization of AI-powered robotic exoskeletons to enhance physical strength. This study employs a comprehensive analyt...

Bitcoin has gradually gained acceptance as a payment method that, unlike electronic payments in dollars or euros, passes through the international trading system with zero or lower fees. Moreover, Bitcoin and e-commerce have become increasingly intertwined in recent years as cryptocurrencies gain mainstream acceptance. In this paper, we analyze Bit...

The concept of the circular economy, when viewed through an economic lens, refers to an approach that strives to reduce the utilization of resources and energy during the production process, while simultaneously maximizing the value extracted from products and materials through multiple cycles of use. In this research, the Circular Economy in Roman...

Deforestation is a central topic in the ongoing environmental degradation stemming from global economic expansion and population growth. This study delved into the effects of electricity production from renewable sources, GDP per capita, and urbanization on forest area growth in Finland during the over-three-decade research period, 1990–2022, using...

Presents corrections to the paper, (Corrections to “Exploring the Dynamics of Brent Crude Oil, S&P500 and Bitcoin Prices Amid Economic Instability”).

The acceleration of digital transformations in the administrations of the EU member states is influenced by the digital skills of citizens and civil servants alike. The Romanian administration is part of this extensive resilience process. The purpose of this research is to discover the basic and relevant correlations between human development and t...

The information society offers governments the opportunity to work closer with citizens and companies, to respond better to their requirements, and to create the conditions for the functioning of a modern, efficient, and democratic public administration. Due to the development of the information society, e-governance and e-participation appeared an...

The integration of digital technologies in public administration is influenced by the digital competences of human resources. The objectives of this research are to identify the main factors and causes that influence human resources' level of digital competences and to find out the correlations between factors, causes, and digital competences. The...

In a globally interconnected economy marked by volatility, this study employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to examine financial contagion’s impact on Romania’s financial stability. It investigates both conventional and unconventional channels through which financial contagion is transmitted, emphasizing its sensitivity to factors...

Renewable energy represents a crucial resource in the efforts to combat climate change and reduce dependence on fossil fuels. In the past few decades, Romania has lessened its environmental footprint and played an important role in actions against climate change. In this research, the energy sector in Romania is analyzed from a holistic perspective...

This study investigates the efects of productivity, energy consumption, foreign direct investments, and urbanization on carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) in Finland during 2000–2020 using an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. The results show that (i) there is evidence of cointegration among variables; (ii) energy consumption has a positive...

Purpose: This study continues the series of previous research carried out by the authors on digital transformation in the EU countries. It aims to identify and analyse the progress made by EU administrations in terms of digitization and effective governance in the period 2019-2021. Design/methodology/approach: Based on selected variables from Eu-ro...

The unexpected pandemic eruption in March 2020, the European efforts to diminish the gas house emissions, prolonged drought, higher inflation and the war in Ukraine clearly have had a strong impact on the electricity price. In this paper, we analyze the electricity prices on the Romanian Day-Ahead Market (DAM) along with other variables (inflation,...

From an economic point of view, shortly digitalization will lead not only to progressive growth, but also to important transformations of jobs and to the reorganization of the way of carrying out the activity of retail, transport, and banking services. Our research aimed to identify and analyze the correlations between digitization and economic gro...

This study aims to examine the dynamic connection among economic growth, CO2 emissions, energy consumption, and foreign direct investments (FDIs). The panel section considers the period of 2000–2020 for 25 EU Member States excluding Malta and Croatia. The annual data are retrieved from the World Bank and Eurostat databases. The empirical analysis u...

Fuzzy real options modeling has developed greatly in the last decade. Fuzzy real options are for real investments what financial options are for investments on financial assets. Main differences from the valuation perspective include, e.g., that real investments are often unique, and their real option value cannot be derived from market data. The v...

The trend of globalization, accompanied by the dynamic development of social systems, places the European states in a completely new position, in which institutions and administrative systems must be adapted. Any intervention in the field of public administration reform implies changes in its major components to have efficient governance in the con...

Purpose: Digitalization has been the driving change in creating jobs and increasing economic growth in recent years. However, the digitalization of countries and sectors is uneven. The paper focuses on various factors that have an impact on the economic development and well-being in EU countries. Its purpose is to show the evolution of EU countries...

In this paper, we apply Data Envelopment Analysis with constant and variable returns to scale to study the technical efficiency of 42 countries for 2019 starting from 12 inputs and 3 outputs. The inputs represent the features of entrepreneurial framework conditions, which can be managed by governments to enhance or hinder new business creation, i.e...

The environment theme has taken on considerable importance in consumer purchasing choices. Through voluntary environmental policy tools (product certifications, ecological labels and company certifications) the producers demonstrate their attention to environmental issues. The paper analyzed the environmental impacts, that is, the consumption of re...

The increasing usage of mobile technology implies high acceptance of emerging digital technologies. The aim of this study is to identify the features and quantify their effects on the acceptance of mobile technology by consolidating the uses and gratifications theory (UGT) and technology acceptance model (TAM) as the theoretical framework. The cont...

Fuzzy real options modeling has developed greatly in the last decade. Fuzzy real options are for real investments what financial options are for investments on financial assets. Main differences from the valuation perspective include , e.g., that real investments are often unique, and their real option value cannot be derived from market data. The...

Public participation is a way for stakeholders of public institutions to participate in the public decision-making process, planning, organizing, and fi nanc-ing activities to achieve common public goals. Th e research underlying this paper examines the ability of EU states to support e-participation in various ways and activities. Th e aim of the...

In this paper is studied a possibilistic multi-item risk neutral inventory problem in which the components of the demand vector are fuzzy numbers. In defining the total profit and in the formulation of the optimization problem, the operations with fuzzy numbers and the possibilistic expected value associated with a fuzzy number are used. One proves...

The paper is based on research that identified and analyzed the effects of the variable context of the period 2011-2019 on the entrepreneur's businesses from 16 states. The database used in this research has been selected from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. The data were obtained based on surveys involving adult entrepreneurs. The aim of the...

Effective digitalization of public administrations and economies requires rethinking of how e-government and digital services with increasing e-participation can support corruption reduction and social development. This paper aims to study the interdependencies and differences between the multidimensional phenomena of administrative corruption and...

Sustainable economic growth is desired to be achieved by governments targeting economic, social, and environmental benefits. The idea of circular economy model is to consider feedback effects from proper waste management instead of one-way effects typical with the classical linear model. Several sectors of society contribute to circular economy and...

In this paper, optimal saving models with two risk components are studied: the labor income risk and the interest rate risk. These risks can be modeled probabilistically by random variables or possibilistically by fuzzy numbers. In mixed models, one of the components is probabilistic and the other one is possibilistic. After the construction of two...

The increasing usage of mobile technology implies high acceptance of emerging digital technologies. The aim of this study is to identify the features and quantify their effects on the acceptance of mobile technology by consolidating the Use and Gratification Theory (UGT) and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as the theoretical framework. The contex...

The involvement of the state in the market economy through the redistribution of welfare is necessary for moral and economic reasons. The need for a system of social protection is developed in all advanced states to reduce the 'social risks' of the living standards of citizens. Our research aimed to identify the particularities of the governmental...

Developments in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) have led to major changes in public administration in all democratic states. The fact that information can be made public and accessible from anywhere, at any time, requires a new approach to the process of computerization of public administration. The objective of the research was to k...

It is known that the evolution of digital technologies, together with a combination of other essential generic technologies, leads to a change in the way we design, produce and market related products and services, as well as in the way how value is generated from them. Digitalization and transformation of the business process to create remarkable...

Fuzzy real options analysis has advanced greatly during the last decade, specifically, through the development of so-called fuzzy pay off techniques. The practicality and intuitiveness of these methods allow their straightforward integration into any spreadsheet or other evaluation systems for easy applications of real options thinking to real inve...

Digitalization and artificial intelligence are growing in importance as parts of decision-support tools in various application domains. One of the important developments in this vein has been the creation of interactive tools for coaching users of complex decision-support systems to help them successfully and correctly use the said systems. This pa...

This paper explores the effects of attitudes on total early-stage entrepreneurial activity (TEA). The data is obtained from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor's Adult Population Surveys (APS) on the characteristics and motivations of individuals to start new businesses. The dataset consists, e.g., of individuals' entrepreneurial intentions, their...

Fuzzy real options analysis has gained increasing attention among investment practitioners as well as investment theory-focused academics. The strength of the real option valuation (ROV) models, when compared to the more traditional net-present-value methods, is that they can account for flexibility, which is often available in long-term real inves...

The digitalization of public administration is a necessary condition for the economic and social development of each country. In this context, e-government is developing and diversifying its forms of implementation, contributing significantly to the efficiency of public administration, to increasing the degree of transparency and reducing corruptio...

The implications of entrepreneurial conditions, opportunities, and attitudes for total entrepreneurial activity (TEA) are under study. The data is obtained from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor and Heritage Foundation for ten European Union countries, which had long enough time-series data available. The set of indicators include variables to de...

Real options valuation models can capture the value effects of flexibility, which net-present-value models cannot do properly. This type of optionalities are typical in long-term strategic investments as well as in evaluations of public policies. The original credibilistic fuzzy pay-off method for real options valuation is extended with trapezoidal...

Digitalization and artificial intelligence are growing in importance as parts of decision-support tools in various application domains. One of the important developments in this vein has been the creation of interactive tools for coaching users of complex decision-support systems to help them successfully and correctly use the said systems. This pa...

Objective: The objective of the article is to identify the reference group of countries with similar Covid strategies and other groups with their performance success, and to construct a composite Covid Mitigation Index for comparative purposes, thus, implying how to redesign the strategic policies. Research Design & Methods: Gaussian Mixture Modell...

Fuzzy real options analysis has advanced greatly during the last decade, specifically, through the development of so-called fuzzy pay-off techniques. The practicality and intuitiveness of these methods allow their straightforward integration into any spreadsheet or other evaluation systems for easy applications of real options thinking to real inve...

Promotion and implementation of sustainable production and consumption practices have become a priority to obtain social, economic, and environmental benefits. Circular economy is based on an integrative approach which requires the analysis of all the relevant factors that may determine changes in the classical linear model of economic growth. From...

It is known that the evolution of digital technologies, together with a combination of other essential generic technologies, leads to a change in the way we design, produce and market related products and services, as well as in the way how value is generated from them. Digitalization and transformation of the business process to create remarkable...

This paper addresses the digitalization of valuation techniques and learning them within the domain of strategic investments. Real options analysis has been proven more suitable to evaluate dynamic and flexible strategic opportunities than traditional NPV methods. The complexity and high uncertainty inherent in long-term strategic investment decisi...

This paper addresses the progress of digital skills and technologies and their impact on well-being, income inequality and competitiveness of world countries. In future, the digital progress will contribute to an increase in technology, capital, and finally, production. The digital progress is unequally distributed among world countries. Even if ec...

Achieving a competitive economy and a competitive market, in general, comes from the desire to meet economic and social objectives and ensures a growing level of social welfare. The objectives of our research are to find out and highlight the bidirectional linear correlations between competitiveness, well-being and innovation and to analyze the mai...

New technologies and new market realities determine the global energy industry to redesign their business models in all significant areas. We based our research on the components of renewable energy within the OECD countries and used thirteen indicators in order to find out both the relations and the impact of main sectorial indicators and the glob...

In this paper, we study the connections of categorical levels of Human Development Index (HDI), GDP per capita, World Happiness Index, the Gini indexes of Income and Wealth inequalities together with poverty rate for 98 world countries. By clustering analysis we identify four groups of countries with similar features. K-means clustering algorithm i...

The expected utility operators introduced in a previous paper offer a framework for a general risk aversion theory, in which risk is modeled by a fuzzy number A. In this paper, we formulate a coinsurance problem in the possibilistic setting defined by an expected utility operator T. Some properties of the optimal saving T-coinsurance rate are prove...

Economic growth, productivity and national well-being over time have been promoted through various innovation strategies. Education aims to shape the human personality according to its particularities but also according to the social dynamics, the mobility of teachers through the dynamic integration of man in society. Education differs from one his...

The use of advanced ICT technologies and the support of new ways of thinking, acting and working in public administration, together with the increased provision of information and interactive services accessible through various channels, is the foundation of eGovernment. In recent years, there has been visible progress in all EU countries in terms...

The current Covid-19 pandemic is a disruptive event accompanied by a range of governmental responses and unforeseen impacts on society and businesses. We analyse and rank-order the effects of the national mitigation measures on the tourism sector of fifteen European countries and we build a composite Covid-Mitigatin Index, CMI, for country comparis...

This paper is concerned with a quantitative approach to the determinants of human development index, namely GDP per capita, Net Income GINI index, Wealth GINI index and poverty rate. For year 2018 and 98 world countries, we apply multiple discriminant analysis to predict four classes of human development index. The discriminant analysis achieved 83...

New technologies and new market realities determine the global energy industry to redesign their business models in all significant areas. We based our research on the components of renewable energy within the OECD countries and used thirteen indicators in order to find out both the relations and the impact of main sectorial indicators and the glob...

The use of energy from renewable sources has many potential benefits, including a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, diversification of energy supply and reduction of dependence on fossil fuel markets (in particular, on the oil and gas market). The development of renewable energy sources can also influence employment by creating jobs in the new...