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Introduction
Skills and Expertise
Publications
Publications (43)
Background
There is limited evidence between contraceptive use, availability of commodities and distance to the facility in developing countries. Distance to the facility is an essential determinant of contraceptive use. Still, women may not seek family planning services from the nearest facility and may be prepared to travel the farthest distance...
Background
Adolescent pregnancy in Uganda declined from 31% in 2000–01 to 25% in 2006 but thereafter stalled at 25% from 2006 to 2016. This paper investigates the factors associated with the recent stall in the rate of decline of adolescent pregnancy in Uganda.
Methods
We used logistic regression models for 4 years (2000–01, 2006, 2011 and 2016) o...
Community-based demand-generation family planning programmes have been associated with increased contraceptive use in rural areas of Ghana. However, rigorous evaluations of such programmes in urban contexts are lacking. We used a retrospective, cross-sectional with comparison group design to estimate the immediate and sustained impact of the Willow...
CONTEXT: Many community-based reproductive health programs use their program data to monitor progress toward goals. However, using such data to assess programmatic impact on outcomes such as contraceptive use poses methodological challenges. Inverse probability weighting (IPW) may help overcome these issues.
METHODS: Data on 33,162 women collected...
Objectives
To quantify sex ratios at births (SRBs) in hospital deliveries in Nepal, and understand the socio-demographic correlates of skewed SRB. Skewed SRBs in hospitals could be explained by sex selective abortion, and/or by decision to have a son delivered in a hospital—increased in -utero investments for male fetus. We use data on ultrasound u...
Background
The International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO), in collaboration with the Sri Lankan College of Obstetrics and Gynaecologists (SLCOG), launched an initiative in 2014 to institutionalize immediate postpartum IUD (PPIUD) services as a routine part of antenatal counselling and delivery room services in Sri Lanka. In this...
Background
Health service providers play a key role in addressing women’s need for pregnancy prevention, especially during the postpartum period. Yet, in Nepal, little is known about their views on providing postpartum family planning (PPFP) services and postpartum contraceptive methods such as immediate postpartum intra-uterine devices (PPIUD). Th...
Context:
Ethnic and linguistic concordance are important dimensions of the patient-physician relationship, and are linked to health care disparities. However, evidence on the associations between health behavior and outcomes and patient-provider concordance is limited, especially in low- and middle-income settings.
Methods:
To examine how concor...
Background
The immediate postpartum IUD (PPIUD) is a long-acting, reversible method of contraception that can be used safely and effectively following a birth. To appropriately facilitate the immediate postpartum insertion of IUDs, women must be informed of the method’s availability and must be counselled on its benefits and risks prior to entering...
Background
During the year following the birth of a child, 40% of women are estimated to have an unmet need for contraception. The copper IUD provides safe, effective, convenient, and long-term contraceptive protection that does not interfere with breastfeeding during the postpartum period. Postpartum IUD (PPIUD) insertion should be performed by a...
HIV testing and counseling (HTC) are increasingly used in China during routine medical care visits to health facilities. However, limited data are available regarding the association between the utilization of HTC services and condom use among low-paid female sex workers (FSWs) who are at high risk of HIV infection but are hard to reach. A cross-se...
To examine HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination in a high-HIV-prevalence district in India, we used data from a cross-sectional survey conducted recently among randomly selected married HIV-positive women, 15–29 years of age. Overall, 88% of respondents experienced stigma and discrimination from family and community. Factors associated with s...
Factors contributing to Pakistan's poor progress in reducing reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) include its low level of female literacy, gender inequity, political challenges, and extremism along with its associated relentless violence; further, less than 1% of Pakistan's GDP is allocated to the health sector. However, despi...
Background:
The assessment of treatment success in clinical trials when multiple (repeated) doses (courses) are involved is quite common, for example, in the case of infertility treatment with assisted reproductive technology (ART), and medical abortion using misoprostol alone or in combination with mifepristone. Under these or similar circumstanc...
Unsafe abortion continues to be a major cause of maternal death; it accounts for 14.5% of all maternal deaths globally and almost all of these deaths occur in countries with restrictive abortion laws. A strong body of accumulated evidence shows that the simple means to drastically reduce unsafe abortion-related maternal deaths and morbidity is to m...
One central rationale for the promotion of family planning is the potential benefit to the health of mothers and children. The achievement of adequate spacing between pregnancies is a major pathway through which contraceptive practice can render benefits. Pregnancies conceived less than 20 months following a prior birth are at considerably higher r...
In the last couple of decades, a number of countries in Asia have been posting remarkable economic growth performance. No less phenomenal have been their rapid demographic transformations.
Despite the vigorous global efforts to reduce stigma, HIV-related stigma continues to undermine the health status of people living with HIV (PLHIV). Internalized HIV stigma may cause stress adversely affecting the health of PLHIV. Resilience is the process of an effective coping and positive adaption in the face of adversities. To date, limited dat...
Background:
Bagalkot district in Karnataka state is one of the highest HIV prevalence districts in India. A large proportion of the girls also marry at early age in the district and negative pregnancy outcomes among the HIV positive women likely to have large pregnancy wastages. Therefore, this study examined the pregnancy wastages and the associa...
This book provides a unique blend of social and biomedical sciences in the field of low fertility and reproductive health. It offers a significant contribution to understanding the determinants of low fertility mostly in East Asia, including an assessment of the effectiveness of policies that aim to raise fertility. It introduces new analytical too...
Introduction: The month of Ramadan holds great religious and social significance for Muslims all over the world. The aim of the present study was to provide a modified dialysis schedule for peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients that allows for fasting and that minimizes the effect on the patient's general health and volume status. ♢
We observed 31 pati...
Fibrillary glomerulonephritis (FGN) is a rare glomerular deposition disease and a rare cause of nephrotic syndrome. The patients usually present with renal insufficiency, nephrotic range proteinuria and microscopic hematuria. The electron microscopy study is the only means of diagnosis. The clinical course of the disease is generally unpredictive a...
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is one of the modes of renal replacement therapy being utilized for the management of end-stage renal failure in King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, for more than two decades. The aim of this study was to evaluate the complications related to PD as well as its outcome in patients on this mode of t...
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a well-established modality for treatment of patients with end-stage renal disease, giving excellent patient and technique survival rates. In Saudi Arabia, data collected by the Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation showed that in 2008, patients on PD accounted for a mere 4.8% of total patients on renal replacement ther...
To evaluate whether cystatin C levels can be a surrogate marker of creatinine clearance and reflect the characteristics of peritoneal membrane in dialysis patients, we performed peritoneal equilibration tests (PET) in 18 anuric adult chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients with a mean age of 39.7 ± 20 years. All the samples were analyzed for urea...
Background In 1999 UNICEF, in cooperation government of Iraq and the local authorities In "autonomous" (northern Kurdish) region, conducted similar surveys to provide regionally representative and reliable estimates of child mortality (the subject of this paper) and maternal mortality. Methods In a cross-sectional household survey in the south/cent...
People's knowledge and perceptions about AIDS are critical in efforts to combat the further spread of this disease. Using data from a study on "Determinants and Consequences of Contraceptive Use Patterns in Thailand", this paper investigates the knowledge and perceptions about AIDS among ever-married women in Bangkok Metropolis. Differentials in kn...
This article considers the role of breastfeeding (BF) in infant health and child survival, with a special reference to the available information from countries in the Asian and Pacific Region. A simplified framework is proposed for the systematic investigation of the direct influence of BF on infant and child health through its protective effects a...
It is generally believed that extended families encourage high fertility, but a review of the theoretical discussions and empirical research examining the relationship between family type and fertility fails to show any support for the customary belief. Nuclear families consist of husband, wife, and their immediate children. The extended family is...