
Ioannis KapariasCity, University of London
Ioannis Kaparias
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Publications (41)
In recent research the CONDUITS performance evaluation framework for traffic management and Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) was developed, consisting of a set of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for the strategic themes of traffic efficiency, safety, pollution reduction and social inclusion. Follow-up work has concentrated on integrating the d...
Recent developments in the field of urban street design have seen the emergence of the concept of “shared space,” a term that refers to a range of streetscape treatments aiming at creating a better public realm by asserting the function of streets as places and designing more to a scale aimed at easier pedestrian movement and lower vehicle speeds....
The paper presents a route choice model for dynamic assignment in congested, i.e. overcrowded, transit networks where it is assumed that passengers are supported with real-time information on carrier arrivals at stops. If the stop layout is such that passenger congestion results in First-In-First-Out (FIFO) queues, a new formulation is devised for...
The present study investigates the rather under-explored topic of passenger waiting times at public transport facilities. Using data collected from part of London’s bus network by means of physical counts, measurements and observations, and complemented by on-site passenger interviews, the waiting behaviour is analysed for a number of bus stops ser...
This paper describes the development and implementation of qualitative behavioural criteria in order to analyse the conduct of pedestrians and vehicles when they are required to interact with each other, with particular interest to street designs with elements of shared space. The new behavioural analysis technique is developed by identifying the f...
Changes in pedestrian-vehicle traffic conflicts in urban streets redesigned according to the principles of shared space were investigated with a recently developed pedestrian vehicle conflict analysis (PVCA) method. In a first step, the PVCA method was revised to reflect more accurately the features of shared space; this revision included the defin...
This paper presents a Dynamic User Equilibrium for bus networks where recurrent overcrowding results in First-In First-Out queues at stops and real-time information is provided, for example through countdown displays, on bus arrivals. The route choice model embedded in the dynamic assignment explicitly considers the common-line problem. As such the...
The concepts of optimal strategy and hyperpath were born within the framework of static frequency-based public transport assignment, where it is assumed that travel times and frequencies do not change over time and no overcrowding occurs. However, the formation of queues at public transport stops can prevent passengers from boarding the first vehic...
This paper investigates the impact of the new urban street design concept of shared space on cyclists. Using the recently redeveloped Exhibition Road site in London as an example, which has recently been redeveloped to a modern design with some elements of shared space, the study consists of two parts. The first one conducts a video observation ana...
The London Congestion Charging (LCC) scheme was initially introduced on 17 February 2003. Being the largest of its kind and employing advanced technology, it marked a major innovation in the field of urban road user charging and provided inspiration to several other cities worldwide. Nine years on, and following a number of operational changes that...
Metropolitan areas today have become more than ever saturated with various types and sources of real-time data. Yet, the unsolved practical challenge how to most effectively combine data sources currently prevents the wide use of this data as a powerful tool to both improve the quality of the transport supply and to influence travel demand. Focusin...
The aim of this paper is to present and apply a new evaluation framework for traffic management and Intelligent Transport Systems, to assist urban transport authorities in assessing relevant policies and technologies as to their performance. The principles behind performance measures and indices are outlined, along with a description of theframewor...
Shared space is an approach to improving streets and places where both pedestrians and vehicles are present, with layouts related more to the pedestrian scale and with features encouraging drivers to assume priority having been reduced or removed. It creates a more pedestrian-friendly environment than conventional street layouts, which are based on...
This paper presents a Dynamic User Equilibrium for bus networks where recurrent overcrowding results in First-In First-Out queues of passengers at the stops. Assuming that: a) the network is densely connected with partially overlapping lines b) services are highly frequent and / or irregular and passengers do not perceive any convenience in timing...
While traditional street design relied upon segregating vehicles and pedestrians in urban areas to ensure smooth traffic flow, urban planners and traffic engineers are gradually moving away from it. Instead, under the more modern concept of integrated street design, more space and freedom of action is provided to pedestrians, the needs of whom were...
The objective of this paper is to establish the state-of-the-art of urban traffic management in Europe, with a particular focus on Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), using data collected from 34 cities directly with the help of a purpose-developed questionnaire. Several areas of traffic management are covered, such as: general statistics of the t...
This paper examines the development, use, and evaluation of a new traffic conflict analysis technique that specifically addresses pedestrian-vehicle conflicts with the intention of being applicable to shared-space environments. The method is based on an existing, well-established, and widely used vehicle-vehicle conflict analysis technique, but is...
This paper presents a new algorithm for a car navigation system, whose purpose is to offer a reliable re-route to the driver in case he/she deviates from the route he/she has been following, or if a traffic incident is reported en route. A reliable route is defined as one that has a low probability of being congested. The new method makes use of th...
The results of a field experiment carried out to assess the accuracy and efficiency of a new in-vehicle navigation algorithm, whose aim is to incorporate and consider travel time reliability and route the guided vehicle along uncongested roads, in the absence of real-time traffic information are presented. Using historical travel time profiles dedu...
The congestion dependence relationship among links using microsimulation is explored, based on data from a real road network. The work is motivated by recent innovations to improve the reliability of dynamic route guidance (DRG) systems. The reliability of DRG systems can be significantly enhanced by adding a function to predict the congestion in t...
Es wurde ein neues Zielführungsverfahren entwickelt, dass bei der Alternativroutenermittlung nicht wie die bisher hauptsächlich eingesetzten Verfahren den kürzesten (zeitlich oder räumlich) Weg berechnet, sondern auch die Reisezeitzuverlässigkeit der Route bzw. der gewählten Straßenabschnitte berücksichtigt. Das Verfahren basiert auf einem zeitabhä...
This article introduces a new measure of travel time reliability for implementation in the dynamic routing algorithm of an intelligent car navigation system. The measure is based on the log-normal distribution of travel time on a link and consists of two indices corresponding to the extreme values of the distribution, such that they reflect the sho...
The aim of the study is to devise a new reliable dynamic route guidance approach by integrating the A* algorithm, the concept of reliability and an existing route guidance method into a single package. A new purpose-developed software tool, the Imperial College Navigation Software (ICNavS), is presented, so as to implement and demonstrate the new a...
This paper presents a methodology for increasing the reliability of route suggestions in route guidance systems. The procedure, based on the A* path-finding algorithm and Chen's link penalty method, involves penalizing links with a high risk of being congested and obtaining a set of reliable route suggestions. Time dependence of travel times is con...
As the use of navigation systems becomes more widespread, the demand for advanced functions of navigation systems also increases. In the light of user satisfaction, personalisation of route guidance by incorporating user preferences is one of the most desired features. A user model applied to personalised route guidance is presented. The user model...
Emergency vehicles require good access to residences after a large scale disaster. In the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake of
January 17, 1995, in the Kobe area of Japan, the access of emergency vehicles to the sites where they were needed was severely
hindered by the traffic chaos in the aftermath of the earthquake, obstructing lifesaving activities...
This study explores the congestion dependence relationship among links using microsimulation, based on data from a real road network. The work is motivated by recent innovations to improve the reliability of Dynamic Route Guidance (DRG) systems. By adding a function to predict the congestion in the road network, the reliability of DRG systems can b...
A route choice model was devised for personalized route guidance; it can adaptively change its routing function according to the demands of the user. A strategy for personalized route guidance is to incorporate an adaptation process into the route selection rules. In a study, regularities in route selection were discovered by using a rule-based app...
While traditional street design relied upon segregating vehicles and pedestrians in urban areas to ensure smooth traffic flow, urban planners and traffic engineers are gradually moving away from it. Instead, under the more modern concept of integrated street design, more space and freedom of action is provided to pedestrians, the needs of whom were...