Iñigo Antepara

University of the Basque Country | UPV/EHU · Dpt. of Applied Economics

Energy poverty, along with climate change, is becoming one of the most worrying issues in Europe. Many people live without a minimum thermal comfort in their homes because they are not able to afford high energy bills. In other words, the indoor temperature of many dwellings remains below the recommended temperature during long periods, particularl...

En muchas ocasiones, quienes trabajan en pobreza sin adjetivos suelen preguntar si la pobreza energética es realmente algo diferente de la pobreza. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar diferentes aspectos de la pobreza energética y arrojar algo de luz sobre la discusión. A la hora de su definición, para países empobrecidos se suele usar el enfoq...

EU funding agency for research and innovation networks (www.cost.eu). COST Actions help connect research initiatives across Europe and enable scientists to grow their ideas by sharing them with their peers. ENGAGER brings together a diverse and extensive body of stakeholders to help understand and address the energy poverty challenge. ENGAGER consi...

This proposal focuses on the analysis of three case studies of a Spanish social landlord—Basque Alokabide, submitted to the Carbon Fund for a Sustainable Economy. The calculation of CO 2 emissions follows the methodology recommended by the Spanish government. The economic viability of the cases analyzed is calculated, first without taking into acco...

Hacia una transición ecológica justa: La cuestión del trabajo Link: https://www.ecologistasenaccion.org/174091/informe-empleo-y-transicion-ecosocial/

Contribution for the EP-pedia (ENGAGER COST Action) Available at https://www.eppedia.eu/article/screening-best-practices-spain

Contribution for the EP-pedia (ENGAGER COST Action) Available at https://www.eppedia.eu/article/energy-poverty-and-low-income-spain

Although homes occupied by social renters tend to be more energy efficient than the general housing stock, low income is frequently overrepresented in social housing, resulting in lower energy consumptions and colder dwellings. If retrofitting is planned for those buildings, CO2 emissions reductions will be achieved if primary energy coming from fo...

The aim of this article is to describe the efforts against energy poverty of GoiEner, an energy cooperative in Spain, giving energy advice to the social services of two municipalities, Zarautz and Usurbil. Electricity contracts of low-income households were revised and improvements were proposed, according to the specificities of the Spanish electr...

This policy brief is part of the ENGAGER 2017-2021 Action, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). COST is a funding agency for research and innovation networks. COST Actions help connect research initiatives across Europe and enable scientists to grow their ideas by sharing them with their peers. ENGAGER brings together...

In many European countries, energy poverty is measured on the basis of real energy bills, as theoretical energy costs are hard to calculate. The UK is an exception-the data inputs for the Low Income-High Cost (LIHC) indicator are based on reasonable energy costs, these data are collected through specially designed surveys, often an intensive and co...

Resultados del proyecto ZERO PLANA. Incluye la redacción del Plan de Rehabilitación Energética y Accesibilidad del parque público de alquiler. Se compone de 3 tomos: - Tomo 1: Diagnóstico - Tomo 2: Catálogo de soluciones - Tomo 3: Despliegue operativo

Desde la Dirección de Vivienda y Arquitectura del Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Planificación Territorial y Vivienda del Gobierno Vasco se ha lanzado el Plan Zero plana, una iniciativa pionera que analiza el futuro del parque existente y el nuevo modelo de gestión de la vivienda pública de alquiler ante el reto del cambio climático. Está siendo l...

Demand for energy is derived from wishes to use energy to obtain desired services, not from preferences for the energy commodity itself. A difficulty of access to those energy services is conceptualized as Energy Deprivation through Capability Approach. Energy Efficiency can help individuals in reaching more valuable capabilities, as energy service...

The aim of this paper is to describe the new possibilities social innovation against fuel poverty. One of those energy co-ops, GoiEner (Basque Country, Spain), carried out a collaboration with the social services of two Basque municipalities, Zarautz and Usurbil, to help them with the electricity contracts of designated families in difficulties. Th...

Energy poverty and fuel poverty both express a difficulty of access to energy services. These services can be provided with lower energy consumption thanks to Energy Efficiency. But the Energy Efficiency market seems not to be working properly for every type of customer, leading to the so-called “Energy Efficiency Gap”. The EU recommends to impleme...

Hydrophilic mineral wool (HMW) is considered as a possible alternative to the commonly used cellulose in desalination of historical masonry. HMW also allows water and salt solutions transport along the hydrophilic fibres, which is the necessary condition for its possible application for desalination measures, but contrary to cellulose it is inorgan...

Salt damage can affect the service life of numerous building structures, both historical and contemporary, in a significant way. In this review, various damage mechanisms to porous building materials induced by salt action are analyzed. The importance of pretreatment investigations is discussed as well; in combination with the knowledge of salt and...

Thermal properties of mineral wool based materials appear to be of high importance because the most widespread practice is using them as thermal insulation boards. Their thermal conductivity is easily found, i.e. data sheets from producers, often including specific heat capacity, but usually only characteristic values for dry state. Exposure to out...

Salts and water may cause serious damage to historical masonries. Therefore, numerous conservation treatments have been developed by research teams for the consolidation and protection of porous building materials affected by salt attack. Here the focus is on methods for obtaining an effective desalination of historical masonry, indicating their ad...

Salts and water are assumed to damage historical masonries. Therefore, many conservation treatments have been developed by research teams for the consolidation and protection of porous building materials affected by salt attack. Among them, different methods for obtaining effective desalination of historical masonry were proposed, having smaller or...

The aim of this project was to study whether the oxidation resistance of cells is affected while working under high fuel utilization. A previous study measured the weak oxidation resistance for very porous samples (measured porosity similar to 70%) in H-2 with high H2O content (over 50%) in the interval from 600 to 800 degrees C. Thus, additional t...

Crofer can be considered as the reference interconnect material in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) working under 800°C. Thanks to its thermal expansion coefficient, it is suitable to replace ceramic components, such as the interconnect and the metal support, and it can be cost effective. Several research groups, including Ikerlan, have used porous s...

The stability of tubular metal supported SOFC has been studied as a function of current load, thermal cycles and interconnect-sealing concepts. Long term testing under applied current at 800ºC have been performed over 1000 hours on standard cells. Thermal cycles have been proven intensely (250 cycles) during over 700 hours. Major cause for degradat...

Tubular metal supported SOFC technology has successfully been developed over the past years with the aim at domestic CHP systems below 3 kWe. The basic cell structure consists of a metal porous support, a protective barrier layer, an anode and an electrolyte cofired at 1350ºC. Cathode and contacting layers are subsequently sintered at lower tempera...

As a way of reducing the production costs of stacks by replacing ceramic components with metal components with a similar thermal expansion coefficient (TEC), today, much of the research work has focused on SOFCs operating at temperatures of under 800 °C. Some semi-commercial ferritic stainless steels (FSS) satisfy this TEC. Ikerlan has evaluated sa...

The continuous expansion of the natural gas network, together with the tendency towards the use of individual boilers for space heating and domestic hot water production in apartments, are recovering the market of gas appliances for cooking. To ensure clean combustion, those ovens are equipped with wide fume exhausting openings. As a consequence, d...