Ingrid Egerod

Rigshospitalet | rigshospitalet · Intensive Care Department

Aim To understand the content and context of a realized peer mentor intervention, and to explore how mentors and mentees experienced the intervention. Design The study was designed as a qualitative process evaluation of a 24‐week peer mentor intervention. Methods Semi‐structured individual interviews were conducted from November 2021 to May 2022...

Background Over the past decades, there has been a growing international interest in user involvement in healthcare research. However, evidence on the management and impact of patient and public involvement in Nordic healthcare research remains limited. Objective The aim was to explore and delineate the current state, practice, and impact of patie...

Background: Patient and family engagement in the intensive care unit increases the quality of care and patient safety. Aim: The aim of our study was to describe current practice and experiences of contemporary patient and family engagement in the intensive care unit at the individual level, the organizational level, and in the research process a...

PurposeTo assess long-term outcomes of restrictive versus standard intravenous (IV) fluid therapy in adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients with septic shock included in the European Conservative versus Liberal Approach to Fluid Therapy in Septic Shock in Intensive Care (CLASSIC) trial.Methods We conducted the pre-planned analyses of mortality, h...

Aim: Intensified healthcare specialization has increased the need for patient transfers. We aimed to describe in-hospital and interhospital patient transfer decisions during the traumatic brain injury (TBI) trajectory from a nursing perspective. Design: Ethnographic fieldwork. Methods: We used participant observation and interviews at three si...

Background: Proper analgosedation is a cornerstone in the treatment of critically ill patients in Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs). Medications, such as fentanyl, morphine, and midazolam, are essential to safe and respectful care. The use of these medications over time may lead to side effects such as iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome (IWS) in...

Background: Paediatric delirium (PD) is increasingly recognised as a common disorder in critically ill children with a reported prevalence ranging from 9% to 66%. We validated the PD component of the Sophia Observation withdrawal Symptoms-Paediatric Delirium (SOS-PD) scale in a Danish setting to provide increased awareness and reliable identificat...

Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is frequently assessed in randomised clinical trials (RCTs) in the intensive care unit (ICU), but data are limited regarding the proportions of patients without responses or not surviving to HRQoL follow-up and the handling of this. We aimed to describe the extent and pattern of missing HRQoL data...

Purpose To assess long-term outcomes of restrictive versus standard intravenous (IV) fluid therapy in adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients with septic shock included in the European Conservative versus Liberal Approach to Fluid Therapy in Septic Shock in Intensive Care (CLASSIC trial). Methods We conducted the pre-planned analyses of mortality...

Background: The overall purpose of diaries written during an intensive care stay is to help patients fill in memory gaps from the illness trajectory, which might promote long-term psychological recovery. Diaries have also been shown to benefit nurses in maintaining a view of the patient as a person in the highly technical environment and to promot...

Background: Long-term cognitive impairment occurs in up to 60% of intensive care unit (ICU) survivors. Early use of functional and cognitive rehabilitation interventions while patients are still in ICU may reduce cognitive decline. We aim to describe the functional and cognitive interventions used during the ICU stay, the healthcare professionals...

Aims The study aims were to provide a comprehensive description of the short- and long-term experience of necrotizing soft-tissue infections from the patient and family perspective. Further, to describe how unmet needs related to diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation are experienced. And finally, to present patient and family recommendations for...

In Denmark, religious behavior is usually very private. Little is known of religious and spiritual needs of patients and family during critical illness and hospitalization. We aimed to explore contemporary thoughts and prayers related to critical illness and hospitalization expressed in hospital chapel Guest Books. Qualitative content analysis of w...

Background: Non-pharmacologic interventions might be effective to reduce the incidence of delirium in pediatric intensive care units (PICU). Aim: To explore expert opinions and generate informed consensus decisions regarding the content of a non-pharmacologic delirium bundle to manage delirium in PICU patients. Study design: A two-round online...

Background Intensive care unit (ICU)–acquired dysphagia has severe consequences for patients including increased morbidity and mortality. Standard operating procedures, however, including systematic evaluation of swallowing function and access to specialised assessment and training may be limited. Dysphagia management relies on multiprofessional co...

Background There is a large unused potential for risk reduction in the preoperative period via effective lifestyle intervention targeting co-existing risky lifestyles: Smoking, malNutrition, obesity, risky Alcohol intake and insufficient Physical activity (SNAP). This trial compares the efficacy of the integrated STRONG programme with standard care...

Background Telephone triage is used globally in out-of-hours primary care, to prioritize who needs urgent assessment. Even though children rarely are severely ill, calls about sick children are among the most prevalent, mainly due to parental worry. Pediatric calls are considered challenging, as the call-handler must rely on parents’ second-hand in...

Background Pediatric out-of-hours calls are common, as parents worry and seek reassurance and shared responsibility. Nevertheless, most children assessed in this context are not seriously ill. Conventional telephone triage lacks visual cues and is further limited by third part communication in calls concerning children. We investigated implementati...

Purpose The aim of this study was to identify and define core competencies for advanced nursing roles in adult intensive care units across Europe. Methods Three round electronic Delphi conducted between September 2018 and November 2019, with an expert panel of 184 nurses from 20 countries, supplemented by consensus meetings with 16 participants fr...

Aims and objectives: The aims of the present study were investigating the feasibility of: (1) using the Danish version of Sophia Observation withdrawal Symptoms-Paediatric Delirium (SOS-PD) screening tool in clinical practice and (2) comparing SOS-PD performance to a child psychiatrist's assessment using the diagnostic criteria as a reference stan...

Background Communication in the intensive care unit is challenged by patients’ inability to speak owing to intubation, treatment, and illness. Research has focused on the use of communication tools or techniques, characteristics of the communication between patients and clinicians, and their experiences of communication challenges. However, few stu...

Dysphagia occurs commonly in the intensive care unit (ICU). Despite the clinical relevance, there is little worldwide research on prevention, assessment, evaluation, and/or treatment of dysphagia for ICU patients. We aimed to gain insight into this international knowledge gap. We conducted a multi-center, international online cross-sectional survey...

Introduction Different outcomes are reported in randomised clinical trials (RCTs) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, and no core outcome set (COS) is available for ICU patients in general. Accordingly, we aim to develop a COS for ICU patients in general. Methods The COS will be developed in accordance with the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiv...

Purpose This article presents some issues for consideration before scaling from a pilot study to a larger investigation in longitudinal observational studies of traumatic brain injury (TBI) rehabilitation. Materials and methods We present a case to discuss protocol improvements in longitudinal TBI-rehabilitation studies. The case was a pilot study...

Purpose To compare the effects of prevention interventions on delirium occurrence in critically ill adults. Methods MEDLINE, Embase, PsychINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Prospero, and WHO international clinical trial registry were searched from inception to April 8, 2021. Randomized controlled trials of pharmacological, sedation,...

Critically ill patients often require spiritual counseling. In Denmark, most hospital chaplains are provided by the State Church. More knowledge is needed regarding health care chaplaincy in this semi-agnostic non-secular welfare society. Our study aimed to explore how hospital chaplains describe their role and elements of chaplaincy in relation to...

Objectives Management of critically ill patients is changing due a rise in population age, comorbidity and complexity. To accommodate these changes, the demand is increasing for advanced practice nurses. More knowledge is needed regarding the role of advanced practice critical care nurses in European countries. The aim of the study was to review th...

Objectives: Clinical trials evaluating the safety and effectiveness of sedative medication use in critically ill adults undergoing mechanical ventilation differ considerably in their methodological approach. This heterogeneity impedes the ability to compare results across studies. The Sedation Consortium on Endpoints and Procedures for Treatment,...

Survivors of critical illness and treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU) often experience physical or psychological symptoms as part of the post-intensive care syndrome (PICS). Both patients and their families risk symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, or depression. ICU diaries are used to support the process of psychological rec...

Aims The Danish public healthcare system provides a comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programme, but attendance rates are low among older vulnerable women. Effective interventions enabling increased CR attendance are warranted. Knowledge about everyday life and social support needs is crucial to the development of effective CR interventions...

Background Analgesics and sedatives are key elements to reduce physiological and psychological stress associated with treatment in paediatric intensive care. Prolonged drug use may induce tolerance and development of iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome (IWS) during the tapering phase. Our primary aim was to describe the prevalence of IWS among criticall...

Background Rocking chair therapy has been explored in patients with dementia to promote the feeling of relaxation, but not in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients with delirium. Aim The aim is to investigate the effect of a chair with or without rocking motion on the duration of delirium and intensity of agitation in critically ill patients admitted...

We investigated socioeconomic inequality (measured by the indicators highest attained education level and household income) in telephone triage on triage response (face-to-face contact), hospitalization and 30-day mortality among Danish citizens calling the medical helpline 1813 between 23 January and 9 February 2017. The analysis included 6869 adu...

Background In Denmark, general practitioners (GPs) have the main responsibility for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management. Internationally, COPD appears to be significantly under-treated, which could be explained by ‘therapeutic nihilism’ or lack of knowledge. Aim To investigate: (1) To what extent COPD management provided by GPs...

Aim To explore the relationship between psychological distress and diary sharing in patients and relatives, by investigating: 1) diary usage, 2) diary perception and 3) symptoms of psychological stress. Design Convergent mixed methods study. Setting Two intensive care units using patient diaries written by relatives with nurse guidance and shared...

Topic: Many patients in intensive care units have frightening experiences and memories and subsequent post-intensive care syndrome, with psychiatric morbidity including depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Intensive care unit diaries, written by staff members and families, support patients' understanding of what occurred and may...

Purpose: To describe the incidence of and risk factors for impaired cognitive function in ICU survivors. We hypothesized that age, severity of illness and days in coma, delirium, mechanical ventilation in the ICU would be associated with impaired cognitive function. Methods: We included all adults, alive 6-months after acute admission to one of...

Background Life-threatening illness can be devastating for patients as they experience shifting levels of consciousness, recurrent delirium, and repeated setbacks. Narrative Medicine and its sub-discipline Narrative Critical Care increase healthcare professionals' understanding of the patient perspective, and interpretation of their stories is a me...

Background Sleep disturbance and agitation are frequent conditions during the subacute period of recovery in moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Clarity is needed regarding the association between the two conditions to improve fundamental nursing care. Aim The aim of our scoping review was to identify the evidence for potential associ...

Background Cognitive impairment and reduced health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) are well established sequelae of critical illness. Studies on survivors of critical illness have found delirium to be a predictor of these conditions, but evidence regarding survivors of acute brain injury is sparse. We aimed to explore if delirium duration was assoc...

Background ICU‐acquired delirium is frequent and associated with poor short‐ and long‐term outcomes for patients in ICUs. It therefore constitutes a major healthcare problem. Despite limited evidence, haloperidol is the most frequently used pharmacological intervention against ICU‐acquired delirium. Agents Intervening against Delirium in the Intens...

Purpose: To (1) identify interventional research topics in traumatic brain injury (TBI) rehabilitation, (2) describe potential knowledge gaps, and (3) uncover further needs for interventional TBI rehabilitation research for patients and families. Method: We searched three databases (2006–2019) and screened 1552 non-duplicate articles. Titles and ab...

Objective Telephone triage manages patient flow in acute care, but a lack of visual cues and vague descriptions of symptoms challenges clinical decision making. We aim to investigate the association between the caller’s subjective perception of illness severity expressed as “degree-of-worry” (DOW) and hospital admissions within 48 h. Design and se...

Background Treatment of patients with moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is challenged by the low priority of the disease by patients and general practitioners (GPs) affecting the extent of self-management. The aim of this study was to explore (i) attitudes to COPD self-management in patients with moderate COPD, (ii) perceptions...

Background: Guidelines advocate intensive care unit (ICU) patients be regularly assessed for delirium using either the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU) or the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC). Single-centre studies, primarily with the CAM-ICU, suggest level of sedation may influence delirium screening results....

Objectives: Knowledge regarding delirium prevention in patients with acute brain injury remains limited. We tested the hypothesis that an intervention bundle which targeted sedation, sleep, pain, and mobilisation would reduce delirium in patients with acute brain injury. Design: A prospective before-after intervention study: a five-month phase o...

Aims and objectives: We aimed to explore critical care nurses' experiences of research participation during a one year recovery program for intensive care survivors. Background: Nurse led post-intensive care follow-up consultations have emerged to help patients to recover and overcome problems related to critical illness and admission at the int...

Background Telephone triage entails assessment of urgency and direction of flow in out-of-hours (OOH) services, while visual cues are inherently lacking. Triage tools are recommended but current tools fail to provide systematic assessment of the caller’s perspective. Research demonstrated that callers can scale their degree-of-worry (DOW) in a tele...

Background: In patients with septic shock mortality is high, and survivors experience long-term physical, mental and social impairments. The ongoing Conservative vs Liberal Approach to fluid therapy of Septic Shock in Intensive Care (CLASSIC) trial assesses the benefits and harms of a restrictive versus (vs) standard-care intravenous (IV) fluid th...

People with type 2 diabetes and low educational level are disproportionately affected by comorbidity, a vulnerable social network, and poor glycemic control. Likewise, this population is more often affected by a higher incidence of depression and more severe diabetes distress. These risk factors aggravate diabetes outcomes and increase mortality fr...

Aim: To describe the patient's experience of family function and its importance in diabetes-related self-management. Background: Many patients fail to reach the targeted glycemic level due to low self-management adherence. Knowledge is needed regarding the impact of family function on diabetes self-management. Design: A qualitative descriptive...

Abstract Background Priorities for critical care nursing research have evolved with societal trends and values. In the 1980s priorities were the nursing workforce, in 1990s technical nursing, in 2000s evidence-based nursing and in 2010s symptom management and family-centred care. Objectives To identify current trends and future recommendations fo...

Background Attending and maintaining a cardiac rehabilitation programme is a challenge. Aims The purpose of this study was to explore associations between non-adherence to early coronary artery bypass graft rehabilitation and sociodemographic and clinical baseline data. Methods Coronary artery bypass graft patients were randomised 1:1 to either f...

Background: Although delirium is typically an acute reversible cognitive impairment, its presence is associated with devastating impact on both short-term and long-term outcomes for critically ill patients. Advances in our understanding of the negative impact of delirium on patient outcomes have prompted trials evaluating multiple pharmacological...

Introduction The management of critically ill patients is challenged by increasing population age and prevalence of comorbid diseases. High-quality intensive care nursing practice is imperative to accommodate these issues. The roles of the nurse practitioner (NP) and the acute care NP have existed for decades in the USA, Canada and Australia but ar...

Objective: To explore patients' perceptions of an intensive care unit diary written by relatives including pictures added by staff. Design: Ten patients were interviewed 3-6 and 8-16 months after discharge from the intensive care unit. Most patients were interviewed with a relative present. Interviews were analysed using Ricoeur's theory of inte...

This chapter explores the role of healthcare organizations and their professionals in producing and reproducing inequality in health. Ethnographic fieldwork and interviews were conducted with key professionals involved in transferring patients with acquired brain injury from acute to subacute, and from subacute to stable rehabilitation. Our analyti...

Objectives: To externally validate two delirium prediction models (early prediction model for ICU delirium and recalibrated prediction model for ICU delirium) using either the Confusion Assessment Method-ICU or the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist for delirium assessment. Design: Prospective, multinational cohort study. Setting: Ele...

Introduction: Advanced pediatric nurse practitioners (APNPs) working in acute settings are represented in pediatric hospitals, clinics, and wards around the world. They work independently and autonomously. The aim of this study was to compare the role of APNPs in four different countries to gain knowledge on the qualifications and experience of th...

Objective: To examine long-term trends in marital stability, academic achievement, income, and socioeconomic status in patients with concussion. Design and setting: Danish national register-based cohort study with 5 years of follow-up. Participants: A total of 23 549 hospital-admitted or emergency-treated patients between 18 and 60 years of ag...

Background: Despite technological innovations and continuous improvement in evidence-based treatments, mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU) remains high. Consequently, a large group of family members may be in need of, and could benefit from, bereavement follow-up support. Aims and objectives: To explore the elements, organization, and eva...

Background: After discharge from the intensive care unit, patients and relatives struggle to rebuild their lives while suffering from fatigue and distress. Intensive care unit diaries written by relatives are a novel approach that may help relatives and patients process the critical illness experience together. Objectives: To explore patients’ and...

Objectives Sickness absence after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is frequent due to postconcussive symptoms. We examined labour market attachment following mTBI up to 5 years postinjury. Design and setting Nationwide cohort study with register follow-up. Participants Patients between 18 and 60 years with mTBI (International Classification of...

Objectives: Some patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) experience persistent postconcussive symptoms, influencing the ability to work. This study assessed associations between mTBI and labour market attachment (up to 5 years postinjury) in patients with different premorbid characteristics. Design and setting: Danish national cohort st...

Introduction: Necrotizing soft tissue infection (NSTI) is a severe, life-threatening condition requiring immediate diagnosis and treatment to avoid widespread tissue destruction and death. Current research seeks to explain the complex interaction between patient and disease agent, whereas only few studies have addressed the patient perspective. O...

Aims and Objectives We aimed to explore nurse‐patient interactions in relation to the mobilization of non‐sedated and awake mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit. Background Lighter sedation has enabled the early mobilization of mechanically ventilated patients, but little is known about the nurses’ role and interaction with...

Aim To investigate structure and content of a nurse prompted diary written by relatives for ICU (Intensive Care Unit) patients. Design A narrative analysis of ICU diaries. Methods From September 2015 ‐ August 2016, 12 diaries authored by 12 relatives for 12 ICU patients were sampled at 3‐4 months post‐ICU discharge. We used Ricoeur's hermeneutica...

Aim The aim of the study was to evaluate intervention fidelity of nurses’ delivery of the RAPIT recovery program for post intensive care patients. Background Interventions addressing patient problems after intensive care lack description of the process of delivery and the evidence of their effectiveness. This is needed to understand how these inte...

Background: Sedation practice has evolved from deep to lighter or no sedation in mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). The care of conscious intubated patients constitutes a change in the nurse-patient interaction. Objective: We aimed to compare the perspectives of expert and competent nurses regarding their interact...

Background: Critical illness and mechanical ventilation may cause patients and their relatives to experience symptoms of posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and depression due to fragmentation of memories of their intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Intensive care diaries authored by nurses may help patients and relatives process the experience and reduce...

Abstract Background Accurate prediction of delirium in the intensive care unit (ICU) may facilitate efficient use of early preventive strategies and stratification of ICU patients by delirium risk in clinical research, but the optimal delirium prediction model to use is unclear. We compared the predictive performance and user convenience of the pre...