Ingrid Charvet

University College London | UCL · Department of Statistical Science

Modern tsunami events have highlighted the vulnerability of port structures to these high-impact but infrequent occurrences. However, port planning rarely includes adaptation measures to address tsunami hazards. The 2011 Tohoku tsunami presented us with an opportunity to characterise the vulnerability of port industries to tsunami impacts. Here, we...

When considering a tsunami disaster, many researchers have considered the tsunami’s flow depth and velocity as the primary contributors to the building damage. Additionally, the majority of these studies have used the maximum value as the measure of each of these two factors. However, building damage may not occur when the maximum flow depth and th...

Modern tsunami events have highlighted the vulnerability of port structures to these high-impact but infrequent occurrences. However, port planning rarely includes adaptation measures to address tsunami hazards. The 2011 Tohoku tsunami presented us with an opportunity to characterise the vulnerability of port industries to tsunami impacts. Here, we...

Tsunami fragility functions describe the probability of structural damage due to tsunami flow characteristics. Fragility functions developed from past tsunami events (e.g., the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami) are often applied directly, without modification, to other areas at risk of tsunami for the purpose of damage and loss estimations. Consequentiall...

Tsunami fragility functions describe the probability of structural damage to tsunami flow characteristics. Fragility functions developed from past tsunami events (e.g. 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami) are often applied directly, without modifications, to other areas at risk of tsunami for the purpose of damage and loss estimations. Consequentially, estim...

According to the previous researches about the tsunami, most researches focus on the factors that can create the high damage level. However, there is a lack of big sample data for validating the impact of the disaster. First of all, based on a big sample data of building damage from Ishinomaki City in Japan where was severely damaged by the 2011 Gr...

Background: The presence of neuromuscular inhibition following injury may explain the high incidence of biceps femoris injury recurrence in elite (soccer) footballers. This phenomenon may be detectable in elite players during the Nordic hamstring exercise. Thus, the first purpose of this study was to assess biceps femoris muscle activation during...

A synergistic algebra appears to be at play in the body, sustaining an athlete's performance in the face of competing demands, yet these may be associated with risk. Akin to the employment of redundancy within engineering sciences, we suggest this phenomenon can be strategically harnessed through careful consideration of programme scheduling, contr...

This short practical paper gives examples of exercises of synergists that assist the biceps femoris long head, the most commonly injured hamstring muscle in repeated sprint field sports (soccer, rugby) with the aim of reducing risk of or recurrence of injury. It is a companion to the theoretical piece of the same name.

Macro scale assessment of building damage by tsunami can be performed using two classical methods namely, fragility functions and weight factors based on their vulnerability. However, these methods do not consider the actual performance nor strength of the buildings and damage might occur before either of flow depth and flow velocity reach maximum...

Tsunami damage, fragility, and vulnerability functions are statistical models that provide an estimate of expected damage or losses due to tsunami. They allow for quantification of risk, and so are a vital component of catastrophe models used for human and financial loss estimation, and for land-use and emergency planning. This paper collates and r...

The recent losses caused by the unprecedented 2011 Great East Japan Tsunami disaster have stimulated further research efforts, notably in the mechanisms and probabilistic determination of tsunami-induced damage, in order to provide the necessary information for future risk assessment and mitigation. The stochastic approach typically adopts fragilit...

This chapter summarizes perspectives on building damage assessment and their implication for future fragility estimations using damage data from recent tsunamis, including the 2011 event in Japan. Causes of building damage, i.e., a combination of hydrostatic and hydrodynamic forces, debris impact and foundation effects, are explained. Damage scales...

A number of buildings were damaged by the 2011 Great East Japan tsunami in the Tohoku area. The research objective is to determine the significant predictor variables of the level of building damage. This paper used detailed data on damaged buildings in Kesennuma City, Japan, collected by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism...

This paper presents a detailed study of tsunami hazard in ports and its correlation with the damage suffered by marine vessels. The study aims to develop a new loss function to estimate the potential damage of marine vessels due to tsunami attack based on a novel multivariate statistical modeling method, which used several explanatory variables sim...

Based on the classification provided by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT), the damage level of buildings impacted by the 2011 Great East Japan tsunami can be separated into six levels (from minor damage to washed away). The objective of this paper is to identify the significant predictor variables and the direction...

Tsunamis are destructive natural phenomena which cause extensive damage to the built environment, affecting the livelihoods and economy of the impacted nations. This has been demonstrated by the tragic events of the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004, or the Great East Japan tsunami in 2011. Following such events, a few studies have attempted to assess t...

Tsunamis are disastrous events typically causing loss of life, and extreme damage to the built environment, as shown by the recent disaster that struck the East coast of Japan in 2011. In order to quantitatively estimate damage in tsunami prone areas, some studies used a probabilistic approach and derived fragility functions. However, the models ch...

63,605 damaged buildings from the 2011 Great East Japan tsunami in Ishinomaki were used to develop 52 fragility curves using linear regression. The data comprise the damage level and the measured inundation depth for each building. In agreement with previous studies, the present results indicate that reinforced concrete and steel buildings with thr...

Predicting the probability of tsunami damage to buildings with a high degree of reliability is essential in allowing engineers and policy makers to make informed decisions in the design and location of structures. Tsunami fragility functions have developed in the last few years, with the availability of field data from recent events (i.e. Indian Oc...

Tsunami are propagating waves characterized by long wavelengths and large amplitudes close to the shore. They may also have a profile characterised by a large trough preceding the positive wave. These waves are destructive, causing severe damage to structures and human casualties when they reach coastal areas (e.g., Indian Ocean, 2004; Japan, 2011)...

In regions at risk from natural hazards, the ability to pre-determine the vulnerability and exposure of buildings (residential, commercial, industrial and government) from multiple hazard scenarios, allows policy makers and businesses to put forward appropriate policies, planning and intervention methods to mitigate the financial impact. For this p...

A large amount of buildings was damaged or destroyed by the 2011 Great East Japan tsunami. Numerous field surveys were conducted in order to collect the tsunami inundation extents and building damage data in the affected areas. Therefore, this event provides us with one of the most complete data set among tsunami events in history. In this study, f...

Tsunami are long propagating waves caused by the rapid displacement of a body of water. Recent events have shown how devastating tsunami can be to urban infrastructure (e.g. Japan 2011). Tsunami are characterized by their very long period (typically 10 to 40min), large amplitudes close to the shore, and by a large trough often preceding the positiv...

Tsunami waves travel across oceans with quite small vertical displacements, but shoal up dramatically in coastal and nearshore depths, and can cause extensive loss of life and infrastructure. Propagation of tsunami waves in the nearshore, across the shoreline, and then inland is not well modelled by many current techniques. Physical modelling can b...

Tsunami waves travel across oceans with quite small vertical displacements, but shoal up dramatically in coastal and nearshore depths, and can cause extensive loss of life and infrastructure. Propagation of tsunami waves in the nearshore, across the shoreline, and then inland is not well modeled by many current techniques. Physical modeling can be...

Tsunami waves travel across oceans with quite small vertical displacements but shoal up dramatically in coastal and nearshore depths, and can cause extensive loss of life and infrastructure. The generation and transformation of tsunami waves from source to nearshore can be simulated by various numerical models. However, knowledge on the propagation...