Indranil Banerjee

• Ph.D
• Professor (Assistant) at National Institute of Technology Rourkela

Biomaterial induced activation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway for angiogenesis has now gaining recognition as an effective option for tissue engineering. In this context, bivalent nickel (Ni+2) ion doped nano-hydroxyapatites (nHAp) were synthesized by wet chemical method, characterized and evaluated for their osteoconductive a...

The present study delineates improvement in the osteogenic and angiogenic properties of synthetic hydroxyapatite by dual doping of bivalent magnesium (Mg+2) and cobalt (Co+2) ions. The doped samples were prepared by ammoniacal precipitation method and characterized by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES), X- Ray diffra...

The present study delineates the preparation, characterization and application of gelatin-carboxymethyl chitosan scaffolds for dermal tissue engineering. The effect of carboxymethyl chitosan and gelatin ratio was evaluated for variations in their physico-chemical-biological characteristics and drug release kinetics. The scaffolds were prepared by f...

Recent reports on the paradoxical behaviour of epithelial cells in response to the varying stiffness of a polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) substrate has made ‘matrix stiffness dependent cellular mechanotransduction’ an open issue for further investigation. In this context, we have tried to address the fundamental question, “Are human keratinocytes sens...

The efficiency of oleogel as an oral delivery vehicle of probiotics depends on the chemical composition and gelator used. However, the gelators, which are surfactant in nature often interact with the probiotics and alter the therapeutic outcome. Keeping this perspective in mind, here we have developed oleogel of sunflower oil containing 5% (w/w) of...

In this study, we have investigated the effect of variants of BSA on the NIR-induced phototherapeutic performance of the BSA–ICG complex to identify the best BSA variant for complexing with ICG. Three variants of BSA, namely BSA-A7030 (protease, fatty acid, and globulin free), BSA-A3059 (protease & globulin free), and BSA-A3294 (only protease free)...

The performance of polyether‐ether‐ketone (PEEK) as an orthopedic biomaterial can be improved by bulk modification of PEEK through hydroxyapatite (HA) incorporation. In this context, we have studied the size effect of HA particles (from micro to nano) on the high‐temperature extrusion, physicochemical and biological properties of the extruded PEEK‐...

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is a potential biomaterial for tissue engineering, photothermal therapy, and drug delivery. However, the hydrophobic nature of rGO results in poor dispersibility in a physiologically relevant aqueous environment, limiting its biomedical applications. To surmount this problem, here, we have developed a silanized derivati...

Sunflower oil (SO) oleogel was initially prepared using 5 % (w/w) sunflower wax, hydrophobic (Span 80), or hydrophilic (Tween 80) emulsifiers. This study involved the physicochemical characterization of the batter and cake prepared through partial and complete replacement of butter with the oleogels. Batter and cake properties were improvised in T8...

Functional Bio-based Materials for Regenerative Medicine: From Bench to Bedside explores the use of bio-based materials for the regeneration of tissues and organs. The book presents an edited collection of 28 topics in 2 parts focused on the translation of these materials from laboratory research (the bench) to practical applications in clinical se...

In this study, nanocomposite flm was fabricated using cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as nanofller in a polymer matrix of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and gum tragacanth (GT) via solution casting. CNCs were extracted from sugarcane bagasse using a steam explosion technique followed by acid hydrolysis. Initial analysis of CNCs by transmission electron micr...

Scientists are concerned about the health risks associated with consuming a diet high in saturated fats. In this regard, oleogels have been used as a shortening substitute by researchers. This present study evaluated the role of stearyl alcohol (SA)-, and Span-60 (SP)-tailored sunflower wax/sunflower oil oleogels upon butter replacement in whole wh...

A rising health concern with saturated fatty acids allowed researchers to look into the science of replacing these fats with unsaturated fatty acids. Oleogelation is a technique to structure edible oil using gelators. The present study looked for the effect of solid emulsifiers; namely, sorbitan monostearate (SP) and stearyl alcohol (SA), on the ph...

The new μ3‐methoxido bridged trinuclear vanadium(IV) complexes [VIV3O3(μ3‐OMe)(μ2‐OMe)3(L1,2)2] (1 and 2) have been synthesized using the azo ligands 1‐(2‐(thiazol‐2‐yl)diazenyl)naphthalene‐2‐ol (HL¹) and 2‐(2‐(thiazol‐2‐yl)diazenyl)‐4‐methylphenol (HL²). X‐ray crystallography revealed a trinuclear structure with a lacunary heterocubane {(VO)3(μ3‐O...

Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is an evolving domain and provides encouraging solution to address the current demands in the orthopaedic healthcare system. However, even a well-exploited biomaterial such as synthetic hydroxyapatite (nHAp) fails to induce ideal bone regeneration in the complex in vivo conditions owing to its poor angiogenic potential...

The use of an appropriate oleogelator in the structuring of vegetable oil is a crucial point of consideration. Sunflower wax (SFW) is used as an oleogelator and displays an excellent potential to bind vegetable oils. The current study aimed to look for the effects of hydrophobic (SPAN-80) and hydrophilic (TWEEN-80) emulsifiers on the oleogels prepa...

Angiogenic-osteogenic cell encapsulation system is a technical need for human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC)-based bone tissue engineering (BTE). Here, we have developed a highly efficient hMSC encapsulation system by incorporating bivalent cobalt doped nano-hydroxyapatite (HAN) and gum tragacanth (GT) as angiogenic-osteogenic components into the cal...

In this study, a series of novel composite films comprised of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), tamarind gum (TG), and bentonite clay particles were prepared using the solvent casting method. The prepared composite films appeared colorless and transparent. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy revealed that the prepared films showed higher absorption...

In this work, oleogels of cocoa butter (CB), rice bran oil (RBO), and graphene oxide (GO) were prepared. The prepared oleogels were subjected to various characterization techniques such as bright-field microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), crystallization kinetics, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and mechanical studies. The influence of inc...

The consumption of cannabis-based products is increasing worldwide day-by-day because of their euphoric effects. Numerous studies have reported the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and even mortality in people consuming cannabis. However, not much attention has been paid to understand the cannabis-induced alteration in the autonomic nervous sys...

The research on ocular drug delivery (ODD) has attracted a continual interest of researchers in the last decade. Herein, we propose to develop oleogel-based formulations for ODD applications. A series of novel nanocomposite oleogels of groundnut oil (GNO) and stearic acid (SA) were prepared, which contained graphene oxide (GO) in the concentration...

The effective application of upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) as a photo-medicine in skin cancers critically depends on a facile transdermal delivery process through topical route. Herein, combining two non-invasive techniques, i.e. skin permeation enhancement and alternating current (AC) induced iontophoresis, we report a controlled transdermal de...

The gelation of the vegetable oils using fat crystals has gained significant attention in recent years. These formulations have been explored for food and pharmaceutical applications. The alteration in the properties of palmitic acid (20–40% w/w) and safflower oil oleogels is extensively studied at microscopic and macroscopic levels. The thermal an...

Evaluation of the biological properties of silanized graphene oxide is important in the context of biomedical applications of the material. In this study, we have evaluated the toxicity, immunogenicity and other biological properties like osteogenicity of silanized graphene oxide (SiGO). Graphene oxide (GO) was silanized using a common silanizing a...

In the present study design, the PEGylated nanoceria decorated reduced graphene nanocomposite (RGO-CeNPs-PEG) was successfully prepared by eco-friendly non-toxic green synthesis following syn-graphenization method, and evaluated as an efficient and reliable pH-sensitive nano-carrier. During green synthesis, aqueous leaf extract of Azadirachta indic...

Although upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) has shown promising role as a near infra-red (NIR) excitation triggered theranostic agent, its application in dermatology is limited due to skin permeation issues. Herein, we report the delivery of UCNP to the inner skin structure in transdermal fashion using oleogel based topical formulation. For this purp...

Here, we have reported that keratinocytes response to the microflow induced shear stress both at the collective and individual cell level. Using a microfluidic setup, we categorically showed that low shear stress of magnitude 0.06 dyne/cm² could induce morphological variation and cytoskeletal reorganization in keratinocyte, whereas higher shear str...

In this study design, the PEGylated silver decorated graphene nanocomposites (NGO-AgNPs-PEG) were successfully prepared by eco-friendly non-toxic green synthesis following a novel syn-graphenization method using the aqueous leaf extract of Azadirachta indica (A. indica) (neem) as reducing agent. The prepared Smart pH stimuli responded nanoplatform...

Nanomaterials with antimicrobial properties triggered by external stimuli appear to be a promising and innovative substitute for the destruction of antibiotic-resistant superbugs as they can induce multiple disruptions in the cellular mechanism. This study demonstrates the use of squaraine (SQ) dye as the photosensitive material, activated in the n...

Synthesis, X-ray structure, and spectral characterization of three ethoxido-bridged oxidovanadium(IV) dinuclear complexes derived from azo ligands are described. The evaluation of the magnetic susceptibility data and DFT studies revealed unprecedented antiferromagnetic coupling for the twisted arrangement of the edge-shared bridging core. The compl...

Generating intense upconversion photoluminescence from a single‐phase nanocrystal is a fundamental problem. Herein, we report an engineered NaYF4 nanocrystals capable of converting NIR (980 nm) excitation into a sharp and diverse emissions ranging from the UV‐Vis‐NIR regions, a system desirable for triggering multiple photoactive agents for enhance...

The current study deals with the preparation and the characterization of the PVA-CMT-GO films. The PVA-CMT film was translucent in nature and smooth to touch. The addition of GO resulted in the formation of agglomerated structures. XRD studies suggested that the incorporation of GO increased the average crystallite size. The mechanical properties o...

The current study describes the development of a wireless controlled iontophoretic drug delivery system. The control system was made using ZigBee communication protocol. The performance analysis of the current injecting circuit was performed to ascertain minimal error combined with high efficiency. Finally, the developed controlled system was used...

The present study delineates the effect of the addition of non- ionic hydrophilic and hydrophobic food grade surfactants on the properties of the stearic acid and soybean oil oleogel. The oleogel was thoroughly analyzed by bright field microscopy, FTIR spectroscope, x- ray diffractometer, differential scanning calorimeter and mechanical tester. It...

The efficacy and toxicity of drugs depend not only on their potency but also on their ability to reach the target sites in preference to non-target sites. In this regards destabilization of delivery vehicles induced by light can be an effective strategy for enhancing drug delivery with spatial and temporal control. Herein we demonstrate that the ph...

The study reports the synthesis and characterization of gelatin-tamarind gum (TG) based filled hydrogels for drug delivery applications. In this study, three different types of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were incorporated within the dispersed TG phase of the filled hydrogels. The prepared hydrogels were thoroughly characterised using bright field micr...

There is a dearth of biologically active matrices for the encapsulation of bone cells. Here, we hypothesized that the use of gum tragacanth (GT) with alginate might improve the biological properties of calcium alginate (CA) beads, a common cell encapsulation system. We showed that the incorporation of GT in the bead-composition significantly improv...

The present study reports the analysis of the properties of the tamarind gum based hydroethanolic physical hydrogels. The extent of hydrogen bonding in the hydrogels decreased with the increase in the tamarind gum content. The hydrogel with the highest tamarind gum content was found to be highly stable in terms of mechanical properties. There was a...

There is a need for high performance scaffold in tissue engineering. Keeping this perspective in mind, the present study delineates the preparation and physico-chemical characterization of soluble eggshell protein (SEP) modified silk fibroin (SF)-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) scaffold and its application in bone tissue engineering. The SF/PVA scaffold we...

In this article, we validated the use of electric current as an external stimulus to induce an enhancement of drug release from magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) incorporated organogels (magnetogel) under iontophoretic conditions. For this purpose, we adopted a simple, two-step synthesis route to incorporate magnetic (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (MNP) and cipro...

The present study reports the in-depth analysis of the gelatin- carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) hydrogels. The composite system formed phase-separated hydrogels, confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The swelling of the CMC containing hydrogels was lower than the gelatin hydrogel. Macro-scale deformation study using a static mechanical tester ind...

The current study reports the effect of regular Cannabis sativa (bhang) consumption on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the conduction pathway of the heart of the Indian paddy field workers. Twenty-four paddy field workers were selected for the study and electrocardiogram (ECG) signal was recorded. The physiological modulation in the ANS was...

In the global context of increasing colonic diseases, colon specific oral drug delivery systems have shown promise as an effective therapeutic modality. Herein, we developed a mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) based enzyme responsive materials for colon specific drug delivery. We have utilized guar gum, a natural carbohydrate polymer as a cappin...

Agar-gelatin based co-hydrogels were prepared with different compositions of the agar and the gelatin fractions. The intermolecular hydrogen bonding was higher in the co-hydrogels as compared to the gelatin hydrogel. Swelling studies indicated diffusion mediated swelling. The electrical stability of the co-hydrogels was higher as compared to the ge...

The current study delineates the development of gelatin–amylopectin-based phase-separated hydrogels for drug delivery applications. Gelatin and amylopectin were used as the representative protein and polysaccharide phases, respectively. The hydrogels were prepared by adding different proportions of amylopectin to gelatin solutions and subsequently...

Single formulation based delivery of probiotic-drug combination is envisioned as a superior therapeutic modalities for the diseases like Crohn's diseases, ulceritive colitis and Recurrent Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhoea (RCDAD). Keeping this perspective in mind, here we have developed natural gums [using a combination of aqueous solution...

The current study delineates the development of novel gelatin-tamarind gum (TG)/ carboxymethyl tamarind gum (CMT)-based phase-separated films for probable skin tissue engineering applications. Polyethylene glycol was used as plasticizer. The films were characterized thoroughly using mechanical tester and impedance analyzer. Cell proliferation abili...

This work deals with the investigation of the polymorphic changes associated with stearic acid in the presence of Tween 20 during the formation of oleogels. Tween 20 was utilized as a crystal habit modifier and its effect on the physical and thermal properties of the oleogels have been studied. Tween 20 was found to stabilize the polymorph B of ste...

There is a persistent demand for an efficient drug delivery system, suitable for the delivery of both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. This study explores groundnut oil-based emulsion gels for the above-mentioned application. On the basis of stability, two representative gels OG5-80 (low oil content) and OG7-45 (high oil content) were studied furt...

Modulation of crystallization of stearic acid and its derivatives is important for tuning the properties of stearate oleogels. The present study delineates the crystallization of stearic acid in stearate oleogels in the presence of Span 60. Microarchitecture analysis revealed that stearic acid crystals in the oleogels changed its shape from plate-l...

The present study discusses about the effect of polysaccharides (agar, gum tragacanth and guar gum) on the properties of the core (organogel)-shell (poly (vinyl alcohol); PVA) microparticles. The sizes, swelling and mucoadhesive properties of the PVA microparticles were altered in the presence of the polysaccharides. Thermal analysis confirmed the...

The current study reports the development and characterization of soy lecithin based novel self-assembled emulsion hydrogels. Sesame oil was used as the representative oil phase. Emulsion gels were formed when the concentration of soy lecithin was >40% w/w. Metronidazole was used as the model drug for the drug release and the antimicrobial tests. M...

The present study delineates the synthesis and characterization of cobalt doped proangiogenic-osteogenic hydroxyapatite. Hydroxyapatites, doped with varying concentration of bivalent cobalt (Co2+) were prepared by ammoniacal precipitation method and extent of doping was measured by ICP-OES. Crystalline structure of doped hydroxyapatites was confirm...

The present study was aimed to explore the effect of the mechanical and the electrical properties of the gelatin hydrogels on the mammalian cell proliferation and drug release properties. FTIR analysis of the hydrogels suggested that gelatin retained its secondary protein structure. A decrease in the diffusion constant of the water molecules was ob...

Pueraria tuberosa is known for its therapeutic potentials in cardiovascular disorders, but its effect in angiogenesis has not been studied so far. In this study, a computational approach has been applied to elucidate the role of the phytochemicals in inhibition of angiogenesis through modulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptors: Vasc...

The present study describes the preparation of extracellular matrix (ECM; from porcine omentum) based chitosan composite films for wound dressing applications. The films were prepared by varying the ECM content, whereas, the amount of chitosan was kept constant. The interactions amongst the components of the films were analyzed by FTIR and XRD stud...

In this study, novel organogel based lyotropic liquid crystals (LLC) were prepared and investigated as controlled release matrices. The LLC gels were prepared using mixtures of Span 80–Tween 80 (1:2 w/w), aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol (10% w/w) and sesame oil. The prepared gels were characterized by microscopy, mechanical testing and therma...

The purpose of this research was to synthesize and characterize gelatin and tamarind gum (TG)/carboxymethyl tamarind (CMT) gum-based phase-separated hydrogels. The hydrogels were thoroughly characterized using bright-field microscope, FTIR spectroscope, differential scanning calorimeter, mechanical tester, and impedance analyzer. The mucoadhesivity...

The present study delineates preparation, characterization and application of calcium alginate (CA)-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) beads for colon-specific oral drug delivery. Here, we exploited pH responsive swelling, mucoadhesivity and colonic microflora-catered biodegradability of the formulations for colon-specific drug delivery. The CA-CMC bead...

In recent times, with technological advancements in medicine, materials science, and biology, the fi eld of tissue engineering has evolved. Tissue engineering deals with either the creation of tissues under ex vivo conditions or the regeneration of tissues under in vivo conditions. This entry has been designed to discuss the various approaches bein...

Over the past decade, researchers have been trying to develop alternative gel based formulations in comparison to the traditional hydrogels and emulgels. In this perspective, bigels were synthesized by mixing gelatin hydrogel and stearic acid based organogel by hot emulsification method. Two types of bigels were synthesized using sesame oil and soy...

The current study describes the synthesis and characterization of dual environment-responsive semi-interpenetrating hydrogels of polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate (pHEMA) and methyl cellulose (MC). HEMA was polymerized using free radical polymerization technique. Different proportions of MC were incorporated within the pHEMA matrix to induce environmen...

There is a need of smart attender calling system for efficient patient care especially for those who are unable to communicate with the health caregiver by natural means (vocal communication or through mobility; a common problem in intensive care unit (ICU)). Keeping the aforesaid perspective in mind, here we have developed a hand finger movement b...

Stearic acid and its derivatives have been used as gelators in food and pharmaceutical gel formulations. However, the mechanism pertaining to the stearic acid based gelation has not been deciphered yet. Keeping that in mind, we investigated the role of stearic acid on physic-chemical properties of oleogel. For this purpose, two different oil (sesam...

The work reports the synthesis and characterization of novel biopolymeric core-shell microparticles for controlled delivery applications. Alginate (shell) microparticles were prepared by encapsulating semi-solid organogel (core) using the ionotropic gelation method. Confocal and phase contrast microscopic studies showed the existence of distinct sh...

This study was designed to examine the physicochemical and electrical properties of gelatin-based hydrogels, emulgels, and bigels. The chemical studies suggested an increase in hydrogen bonding in the emulgel and bigel when sesame oil (SO; representative vegetable oil) and SO organogel (OG; representative OG) were incorporated within the gelatin ma...

The current study describes the in-depth characterization of agar-gelatin based co-hydrogels, emulgels and bigels to have an insight about the differences in the properties of the formulations. Hydrogels have been extensively studied as vehicle for controlled drug release, whereas, the concept of emulgels and bigels is relatively new. The formulati...

Bigels of sunflower oil, span 40 and water soluble synthetic polymers (e.g. polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone) were prepared and explored as controlled delivery vehicle for metronidazole. Fluorescence microscope was used to characterize the microstructure of the bigels. Static mechanical tester and a viscometer were used to study the mech...

The current study delineates the designing of a three channel biosignals acquisition system. The acquisition system was made using NI USB-6009. A LabVIEW based graphical user interface (GUI) program was made to simultaneously acquire the biosignals. Electrocardiogram, spirogram and body surface temperature signals were used as the representative si...

The present proposal revolves around the fabrication of a finger movement based wearable wireless attendant calling system. The system comprised of a flex sensor and a hall-effect sensor coupled with Arduino UNO and worked synchronously with patient hand movement. The concurrent activation of both the sensors enables the conveyance of patient locat...

The current study delineates the designing of a three-channel biosignals acquisition system. The acquisition system was made using NI USB-6009.A LabVIEW based graphical user interface (GUI) program was made to simulta-neously acquire the biosignals. Electrocardiogram, spirogram and body surfacetemperature signals were used as the representative sig...

The current study describes the development of two channel impedance analyzer. The signals from the impedance analyzer were acquired in a computer using USB6009. A LabVIEW program was made to connect the hardware with the software. A provision was made in the software such that the impedance data from both the channels may either be acquired indivi...

The current study reports the development of bigels using sorbitan monostearate-sesame oil organogel and carbopol 934 hydrogel. The microstructures and physicochemical properties were investigated by microscopy, viscosity measurement, mechanical analysis and differential scanning calorimetry analysis. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed the formation...

Bigels are novel semi-solid formulations which have been drawing attention of many research scientists due to their numerous advantages over the conventional gels. The objective of this study was to develop and characterize novel bigels by mixing guar gum hydrogel and sorbitan monostearate-sesame oil based organogel for controlled drug delivery app...

Objective: Asparagus racemosus, the source of Asparagamine A, has been known for its multifaceted therapeutic actions. But these actions have hardly been attributed to Asparagamine A, a polycyclic pyrrolizidine alkaloid. Methods: In the present study, a molecular docking of Asparagamine A with critical proteins associated with many diseases. Farne...

Over the last two decades, organogels have found tremendous use in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetics industries with notable developments as drug delivery matrices and trans and saturated fat replacers in processed foods. The functionality of organogels benefits from their ease of preparation, cost effectiveness, and ability to contain both h...

The present study deals with the encapsulation of vegetable organogels in alginate microparticles (MPs). Mango butter (MB) and cocoa butter (CB) are natural organogels, which are being used in the preparation of pharmaceutical formulations. In addition to these, mustard oil (MO) was used as the control. The thermal stability of MB and CB can be enh...

Wound pH strongly influences residence time and activity of various growth factors during wound healing. Hence, a pH-responsive sustained release growth factor delivery system could be beneficial for effective treatment of wound. In this context, an effort was made to evaluate the potential of a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) hydrogel...

A highly facile and feasible strategy on the fabrication of advanced intrinsic peroxidase mimetics based on Mn(2+) doped mixed ferrite (Mn(II)(x)Fe(II)(1-x)Fe(III)(2)O(4)) nanoparticles was demonstrated for the quantitative and sensitive detection of mouse IgG (as a model analyte). Mn(2+) doped Fe(1-x)Mn(x)Fe(2)O(4) nanoparticles were synthesized u...

Present study reports synthesis and characterization of an enzymatically crosslinked injectable gel (iGel) suitable for cell based bone tissue engineering application. The gel comprises of carboxymethyl–chitosan (CMC)/gelatin/nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp) susceptible to tyrosinase/p-cresol mediated in situ gelling at physiological temperature. Study r...

In this article, we report the design and synthesis of a series of well-dispersed superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) using chitosan as a surface modifying agent to develop a potential T 2 contrast probe for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The amine, carboxyl, hydroxyl, and thiol functionalities were introduced on chitosan-coated...