Imran Ahmed

• Dhofar University

Purpose The purpose of this research was to understand the trajectory of recovery following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction compared to nonoperative treatments. Methods A systematic review and meta‐analysis approach was used to evaluate randomised controlled trials (RCTs). A comprehensive search was conducted on databases including...

Objectives There is a paucity of qualitative research exploring the patient experience of living with a meniscal tear, vital to effective patient management. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences and expectations of treatment of patients aged 18–55 years with a meniscal tear of the knee. Design Qualitative study involving semistruct...

Introduction: OpenAI’s latest iteration of a Large Language Model (LLM); GPT-4 (Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4) has demonstrated its proficiency against various professional examination standards like the USMLE (United States Medical Licensing Examination), FRCS (Fellowship of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons) and the United States Bar. However...

Aims This study aims to identify the top unanswered research priorities in the field of knee surgery using consensus-based methodology. Methods Initial research questions were generated using an online survey sent to all 680 members of the British Association for Surgery of the Knee (BASK). Duplicates were removed and a longlist was generated from...

Introduction: OpenAI’s latest iteration of a Large Language Model (LLM); GPT-4 (Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4) has demonstrated its proficiency against various professional examination standards like the USMLE (United States Medical Licensing Examination), FRCS (Fellowship of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons) and the United States Bar. However...

Background Understanding how patients perceive and prioritise various aspects of recovery following total knee replacement, including pain, function and return to activity, will help clinicians in pre-operative consultations by ensuring they effectively address patient concerns and managing their expectations. Aims The aim of this study is to iden...

Background Virtual reality (VR) simulation is a potential solution to the barriers surgical trainees are facing. There needs to be validation for its implementation within current training. We aimed to compare VR simulation to traditional methods in acquiring surgical skills for a TFN-ADVANCED™ Proximal Femoral Nailing System (TFNA; DePuy Synthes,...

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) Chatbots, such as ChatGPT3, have gained attention in medical and non-medical domains. Their ability to identify research gaps in orthopaedics is yet to be tested. Aims: This study aimed to assess the application of three AI Chatbots to identify research questions in hip and knee arthroplasty in comparison to...

Introduction Previous research has demonstrated no clinically significant benefit of arthroscopic meniscectomy in patients with a meniscal tear, however, patients included in these studies would not meet current treatment recommendations. Prior to further randomised controlled trials (RCTs) research is needed to understand a younger population in m...

Introduction Recent research has questioned the role of arthroscopic meniscectomy in patients with a meniscal tear leading to the development of treatment recommendations for these patients. There is a clear need to understand patient perceptions of living with a meniscal tear in order to plan future research and treatment guidelines. Aims To expl...

Background Meniscal tears affect 222 per 100,000 of the population and can be managed non-operatively or operatively with an arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM), meniscal repair or meniscal transplantation. The purpose of this review is to summarise the outcomes following treatment with a meniscal tear and explore correlations between outcomes....

Background Meniscal tears affect 222 per 100,000 of the population and can be managed non-operatively or operatively with an arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM), meniscal repair or meniscal transplantation. The purpose of this review is to summarise the outcomes following treatment with a meniscal tear and explore correlations between outcomes....

Introduction There has been an increase in research on the effectiveness of treatment options for the management of meniscal tears. However, there is very little evidence about the patient experiences of meniscal tears. Aim To summarise the available qualitative evidence on patients’ experiences and expectations of meniscal tears. Method A search...

Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a common symptom that is part of many different medical, neurologic, psychiatric, and sleep disorders. The terms “excessive daytime sleepiness” and “hypersomnia” are often used interchangeably; however, the term “hypersomnia” should be reserved to refer to a group of disorders in which the primary complaint is...

Introduction The use of arthroscopy to alleviate the symptoms of osteoarthritis has been questioned by recent high quality evidence. This has led to the development of guidelines by specialist and national bodies advocating against its use. Aims To examine the trends of the rates of arthroscopy in patients with knee osteoarthritis over the past fi...

Aims Many surgeons choose to perform total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery with the aid of a tourniquet. A tourniquet is a device that fits around the leg and restricts blood flow to the limb. There is a need to understand whether tourniquets are safe, and if they benefit, or harm, patients. The aim of this study was to determine the benefits and h...

Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the most widely used investigations for knee pain as it provides detailed assessment of the bone and soft tissues. The aim of this study is to report the frequency of each diagnosis identified on MRI scans of the knee and explore the relationship between MRI results and onward treatment. Method...

Purpose The management of meniscal tears is a widely researched and evolving field. Previous studies reporting the incidence of meniscal tears are outdated and not representative of current practice. The aim of this study was to report the current incidence of MRI confirmed meniscal tears in patients with a symptomatic knee and the current interven...

Introduction Tourniquets are routinely used during total knee replacement (TKR) surgery. They could increase the risk of thromboembolic events including cerebral emboli, cognitive decline, pain and other adverse events (AEs). A randomised controlled trial to assess whether tourniquet use might safely be avoided is therefore warranted but it is uncl...

Background: Many surgeons prefer to perform total knee replacement surgery with the aid of a tourniquet. A tourniquet is an occlusive device that restricts distal blood flow to help create a bloodless field during the procedure. A tourniquet may be associated with increased risk of pain and complications. Objectives: To determine the benefits an...

Introduction Meniscal tears are a common knee injury with an incidence of 60 per 100 000. Management of meniscal tears can include either non-operative measures or operative procedures such as arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM). Despite substantial research evaluating the effectiveness of APM in the recent past, little is known about the clini...

Introduction This study is designed to explore the baseline characteristics of patients under 55 years of age with a meniscal tear, and to describe the relationship between the baseline characteristics and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) over 12 months. Research has highlighted the need for a trial to investigate the effectiveness of arth...

With the onset of the COVID-19 outbreak there has been concern that patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who develop COVID-19 may be at risk of greater morbidity and mortality than patients without OSA. COVID-19 is associated with an increased mortality in the elderly and particularly those with obesity, hypertension and diabetes, features w...

This chapter will primarily discuss the role of sleepiness in the clinical assessment of medical, neurological, and psychiatric conditions but will also address physical and mental fatigue that may occur concurrently with, or may be independent of, sleepiness.

Background: Rotator cuff tears are the most common tendon injury in the adult population, resulting in substantial morbidity. The optimum management for these patients is not known. Purpose: To assess the overall treatment response to all interventions in full-thickness rotator cuff tears among patients enrolled in randomized clinical trials. S...

Introduction This study is designed to determine whether a full randomised controlled trial (RCT) examining the clinical effectiveness and safety of total knee replacement surgery with or without a tourniquet is warranted and feasible. Method and analysis Single centre, patient-blinded and assessor-blinded RCT. A computer-generated randomisation s...

Objectives: Total knee replacement (TKR) is an effective means of alleviating the symptoms of end stage osteoarthritis. However, 20% of patients report dissatisfaction one year post-operatively. Previous literature has demonstrated contradictory evidence regarding the relationship between alignment and tibial component sizing with patient reported...

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To determine the benefits and safety of tourniquets used in knee replacement surgery. © 2017 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Excessive daytime sleepiness is defined as the inability to maintain wakefulness during waking hours, resulting in unintended lapses into sleep. It is important to distinguish sleepiness from fatigue. The evaluation of a sleep patient begins with a careful clinical assessment that includes a detailed sleep history, medical and psychiatric history,...

Background: Total knee replacement is an effective treatment for knee arthritis. While the majority of TKAs have demonstrated promising long-term results, up to 20 % of patients remain dissatisfied with the outcome of surgery at 1 year. Implant malalignment has been implicated as a contributing factor to less successful outcomes. Recent evidence h...

Aim During a golf swing, the lead hip (left hip in a right-handed player) rotates rapidly from external to internal rotation, while the opposite occurs in the trail hip. This study assessed the morphology and pathology of golfers’ hips comparing lead and trail hips. Methods A cohort of elite golfers were invited to undergo MRI of their hips. Hip mo...

Aims: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hip pain in professional golfers, comparing the lead (left hip in right-handed golfer) and trail hips, and to establish what player characteristics predicted hip symptoms. Methods: Male elite professional golf players were invited to complete questionnaires and undergo clinical and MR examina...

To ensure implant durability following Modern total knee replacement (TKR) surgery, one long held principle in condylar total knee arthroplasty is positioning the components in alignment with the mechanical axis and restoring the overall limb alignment to 180° ± 3°. However, this view has been challenged recently. Given the high number of TKR perfo...

Sleep medicine services include the evaluation of adult and pediatric populations for sleep disorders by performing diagnostic and treatment related procedures. Several coding systems are used with the assignment of the diagnosis and performance of diagnostic procedures. The three main diagnostic manuals detailing the coding systems are Internation...

Excessive sleepiness, a manifestation of a medical or neurologic disorder, sleep disorder, or insufficient nocturnal sleep, can lead to impaired functional ability during waking hours and a tendency for mood disturbances that can include irritability, anxiety, and depressive feelings. Although the clinical history is most important to detect and qu...

The term hypersomnia is used to identify disorders that are associated with excessive sleepiness, such as idiopathic hypersomnia or narcolepsy. Sleepiness is considered excessive when there is an increased amount of sleep or an increased drive toward sleep during the wake period, making a person unable to sustain wakefulness or alertness. Patients...

Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a common symptom that is part of many different medical, neurologic, psychiatric, and sleep disorders. The terms “excessive daytime sleepiness” and “hypersomnia” are often used interchangeably; however, the term “hypersomnia” should be reserved to refer to a group of disorders in which the primary complaint is...

Narcolepsy is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic/hypnapompic hallucinations. It is currently believed to be caused by a deficiency in hypocretin-producing neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. Diagnosis is by the presence of appropriate clinical symptoms and confirmation by a polysomnogram follo...

Introduction There are 15 different parasomnias discussed in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, 2nd edition (ICSD-2). They are undesirable physical or experiential events that accompany sleep. These disorders consist of abnormal sleep-related movements, behaviors, emotions, perceptions, dreaming, and autonomic nervous system funct...

Introduction The International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-2) [1] classification lists 85 sleep disorders in eight major categories, each presented in detail with a descriptive diagnostic text that includes specific diagnostic criteria: (1) the insomnias; (2) the sleep-related breathing disorders; (3) the hypersomnias not due to a breat...

Sleep-related disorders are most prevalent in the older adult population. A high prevalence of medical and psychosocial comorbidities and the frequent use of multiple medications, rather than aging per se, are major reasons for this. A major concern, often underappreciated and underaddressed by clinicians, is the strong bidirectional relationship b...