Ilkka Tuomi

Meaning Processing

This report identifies key emerging technologies and discusses their potential impact in education. Drawing on academic research and grey literature, it focuses on a set of ongoing technical developments that could redefine both education and society at large in fundamental ways. It provides insights into the affordances of those technologies and i...

In much of existing AIED research, the mastery of given learning content has been the criterion for success. In contrast, many influential 20th century theories of learning and education suggest that learning and education have objectives and social functions that exceed content mastery. The recent turn towards competence-based curricula, soft skil...

In much of existing AIED research, the mastery of given learning content has been the criterion for success. In contrast, many influential 20th century theories of learning and education suggest that learning and education have objectives and social functions that exceed content mastery. The recent turn towards competence-based curricula, soft skil...

In recent years there have been many attempts to create ethical frameworks for AI. Theoretical concepts, such as privacy, fairness, transparency, explainability, responsibility, risk, and trustworthiness have been used as key elements in these frameworks. The use of these concepts is often justified by their wide use in similar frameworks and guide...

Recent developments in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have generated great expectations for the future impact of AI in education and learning (AIED). Often these expectations have been based on misunderstanding current technical possibilities, lack of knowledge about state-of-the-art AI in education, and exceedingly narrow views on the functions of e...

Over the last two decades, 21st century competences and socio‐emotional skills have become a major focus in educational policy. In this article, skills for the 21st century, soft skills, as well as social and emotional skills, are contextualised in the context of technological change, machine learning, and the ethics of artificial intelligence. The...

Over the last two decades, 21 st century competences and socio-emotional skills have become a major focus in educational policy. In this article, skills for the 21 st century, soft skills, as well as social and emotional skills, are contextualised in the context of technological change, machine learning, and the ethics of artificial intelligence. T...

L’apport de la littératie des futurs à l’anticipation se rapproche de celui de l’écriture à la parole. La langue parlée tout comme l’anticipation relèvent de capacités innées à l’espèce humaine. Il nous est possible de renforcer et de déployer l’étendue de ces capacités grâce à des compétences socialement et historiquement construites : l’écriture...

Keynote presentation at the Research to Business conference, Bologna, 7 June 2019.

Full paper available, open access, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffo2.11 The concept of chronotope was introduced in the 1920s by the Russian neurophysiologist A.A. Ukhtomsky, and extensively used by Mikhail Bakhtin in his analysis of the development of literary forms. Chronotope structures the possibilities for meaningful action and different chronotop...

We are only at the beginning of a rapid period of transformation of our economy and society due to the convergence of many digital technologies. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is central to this change and offers major opportunities to improve our lives. The recent developments in AI are the result of increased processing power, improvements in algor...

This report describes the current state of the art in artificial intelligence (AI) and its potential impact for learning, teaching, and education. It provides conceptual foundations for well-informed policy-oriented work, research, and forward-looking activities that address the opportunities and challenges created by recent developments in AI. The...

In this paper we revisit Vygotsky’s developmental model of concept formation, and use it to discuss learning in artificial neural networks. We study learning in neural networks from a learning science point of view, asking whether it is possible to construct systems that have developmental patterns that align with empirical studies on concept forma...

OPEN ACCESS: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781351047999 Anticipation is a fundamental building block of this universe. It is a key to turning complexity from a liability into an asset. Yet few have thought about the anticipatory systems and processes that not only surround us but are critical ingredients of the actions everyone, from a bab...

Using data from national accounts and corrected estimates of useful energy, or exergy, flowing in the Finnish economy, economic growth in the last century seems to have resulted from a constant increase in energy use and improvements in energy conversion efficiency. The rapid growth that characterized industrial economies in the last century was to...

Executive summary and TOC of "Next-Generation Foresight in Anticipatory Organizations," written for the EC European Forum on Forward-Looking Activities. The report proposed an European architecture for distributed foresight, discussed the ways to improve anticipatory capacity in bureaucratic organizations, and proposed ways to implement innovation...

The extremely rapid expansion of open educational resource (OER) initiatives and the millions of learners they attract can be understood as an indicator of an emerging revolution in education and learning. This article describes recent developments in this area and develops conceptual foundations for studies and policies on OER. We describe four di...

Unpredictability has two main sources: epistemic uncertainty and ontological unpredictability. When disruptive and downstream innovations become frequent, ontological unpredictability becomes increasingly important for innovation policy and strategy. The analysis of the nature of ontological unpredictability explains why future-oriented technology...

The article presents ten theoretically substantiated ‘theses’ on future education and learning, highlighting emerging trends that will shape educational systems. The focus is on the impact of innovation economy and knowledge society on learning. Specifically, the article elaborates the changing dynamics of production models since the first industri...

Chapter 2 of Tuomi, I. Networks of Innovation, Oxford University Press, 2002, pp. 21-48. This introduces the multifocal model of innovation, arguing that the locus of innovation is in downstream communities of practice. Many of the ideas presented here have since then become mainstream, with emphasis on user-centric innovation, co-creation / co-des...

This paper presents time–series data that can be extracted from the Linux Credits files and discusses methodological challenges of automatic extraction of research data from open source files. The extracted data is used to describe the geographical expansion of the core Linux developer community. The paper also comments on attempts to use the Linux...

The following commentary is part of First Monday's Special Issue #2: Open Source.

Industrial and technical products have traditionally been designed from two complementary perspectives. The other has focused on functionality and the other on external appearance. Research on usability and human-centric design has partially bridged the gap by integrating cognitive and contextual considerations with emotional, semantic, and estheti...

According to several widely publicized and influential studies, information and communication technologies (ICTs) were a major source of productivity growth during the 1990s in many developed countries. The diffusion of ICTs has been argued to permanently change the rate of sustainable economic growth, and they have frequently been described as cor...

This paper presents time-series data that can be extracted from the Linux Credits files and discusses methodological challenges of automatic extraction of research data from open source files. The extracted data is used to describe the geographical expansion of the core Linux developer community. The paper also comments on attempts to use the Linux...

Das Aufkommen von Telekommunikationstechnologien hat die Entkopplung von Raum und Zeit zur Folge. Vor der elektronischen Kommunikation bedeutete Gleichzeitigkeit Nähe und räumliche Distanz bedeutete zeitliche Distanz. Mit der Entkopplung von Raum und Zeit wurde die Erfahrung von Gleichzeitigkeit von der räumlichen Bedingung der unmittelbaren Nähe l...

Eines der wichtigen Themen bei politischen Diskussionen in Zusammenhang mit der Wissensgesellschaft, ist die Frage nach der Regulierung. Ein einfacher Ansatz zur Beantwortung dieser Frage ist die Forderung nach neuen Gesetzen, die sich mit IuK-Technologien auseinandersetzen. Eine detaillierte Analyse zeigt jedoch, dass sich die Frage um eine tiefgr...

Ray Kurzweil has advanced an influential hypothesis that computing technology has developed at accelerating speeds during the last century, and that the increasing rate of technical change will lead to profound changes in the society and human life. The paper focuses on a review of empirical evidence for this claim, focusing on Moore's law, which i...

This book argues that innovation is about creating meaning; that it is inherently social; and is grounded in existing social practices. To understand the social basis of innovation and technology development we have to move beyond the traditional product-centric view on innovations. Integrating concepts from several disciplinary perspectives and de...

Moore's Law has been an important benchmark for developments in microelectronics and information processing for over three decades. During this time, its applications and interpretations have proliferated and expanded, often far beyond the validity of the original assumptions made by Moore. Technical considerations of optimal chip manufacturing cos...

“Tuomi's Networks of Innovation provides a fresh and extremely insightful analysis of how disruptive innovation actually happens, why innovation is so unpredictable and how it is intimately linked to the change of social practices. In addition he provides a brilliant analysis of the innovative processes underlying the creation of both the internet...

This paper describes the evolution of the Linux operating system, and studies dynamics of socio-technical change using Linux as a case example. Theoretical models of community-based practice and learning are combined with actor-network theory, and the characteristics of the open source development model are described using the introduced theoretica...

Discusses how the central ideas of modern society must be rethought, including the role and concept of work, the value of technological change, the speed of change, and the meaning of competence. (SK)

In knowledge management literature it is often pointed out that it is important to distinguish between data, information and knowledge. The generally accepted view sees data as simple facts that become information as data is combined into meaningful structures, which subsequently become knowledge as meaningful information is put into a context and...

In knowledge management literature it is often pointed out that it is important to distinguish between data, information and knowledge. The generally accepted view sees data as simple facts that become information as data is combined into meaningful structures, which subsequently become knowledge as meaningful information is put into a context and...

The effective use of distributed collaboration environments requires shared mental models that guide users in sense-making and categorization. In Lotus Notes-based collaboration systems, such shared models are usually implemented as views and document types. TeamRoom, developed at Lotus Institute, implements in its design a theory of effective soci...

On the Future of Labor An essay on the future of work written for the second Finnish Government report on the future, published in 1997. The text reviews the debates on the impact of digitalization and automation from 1970's onward (including Gorz, Bell, Toffler), and argues that the nature of work is changing and, as a result, fundamental social...

Presents a new approach to conceptualizing organizational memory and memory-support systems. Organizational power structures are shown to have implications for semantic ambiguity in memory-support systems, and it is claimed that a communicative view on organizational memory is needed to support organizational learning and innovation processes that...

This paper discusses organizational memory and contrasts two different approaches for building information systems that support institutional memory. Organizational memory is shown to comprise an essentially institutional component, which may store information on previous experiences in two ways: as consensual cognitive abstractions or as episodes....

This paper discusses organizational memory and contrasts two different approaches for building information systems that support institutional memory. Organizational memory is shown to comprise an essentially institutional component, which may store information on previous experiences in two ways: as consensual cognitive abstractions or as episodes....

The conceptual structure underlying the theory by A.K. Gupta and V. Govindarajan (1991) on multinational corporations (MNCs) is discussed. Their theory of knowledge flows vs. corporate control structures (KF/CS-theory) is extended into a general object model that provides a framework for MNC strategic control and organizational design. It is shown...

The authors analyze the system properties of the business strategy process and describe the requirements for software support that follow from the internal tensions in strategic planning. They introduce an object-oriented methodology to model the business and its environment, and a corresponding software system, Stratex, that makes effective suppor...

For historical purposes, I uploaded an article published in the honour of the 75th Anniversary of Finnish independence, 6 December 1987. The title is "Will Finland live for 100 years." The article talks about the future impact of artificial intelligence, neural network computers and global computer networks in the society and politics. It makes sev...