Ilhan Altinok

• PhD
• Professor (Full) at Karadeniz Technical University

Aquaculture emerges as a crucial solution for addressing the global food shortage of an estimated 10 billion people by 2050. In Türkiye, aquaculture plays a significant role in supporting the economy and ensuring food security. Over the past two decades, finfish production in Türkiye surged from 61,163 to 547,505 t, generating $1.7 billion in expor...

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) consists of genes involved in immune response and molecular discrimination between self and non-self. MHC genes are the most polymorphic in vertebrates. The origin and maintenance of polymorphism in MHC genes in populations is still unresolved. Mechanisms such as sexual selection and heterozygote advantage...

Lactococcosis is a common bacterial fish disease caused by Lactococcus garvieae , L. petauri and L. formosensis . Although there are different PCR‐based techniques to identify the etiological agent, none of these can differentiate these two bacteria without sequencing PCR‐amplified fragments. In the present study, we developed a multiplex PCR assay...

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Providing a sustainable and affordable food supply is one of the most significant challenges facing the global aquaculture industry. Black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens , meal is a particularly promising alternative to animal-derived protein sources. Following a 90-day feeding experiment with four different diets containing BSF meal with inc...

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in food production systems is regarded as a major threat to public health and nutrition security. Due to the potential for horizontal gene transfer, AMR in aquaculture might eventually spread to clinically important strains found in the environment, thereby affecting human health and the whole ecosystem. It is essenti...

Citation: Stoppani, N.; Colussi, S.; Pastorino, P.; Prearo, M.; Sciuto, S.; Altinok, I.; Öztürk, R.Ç.; Ture, M.; Vela, A.I.; Blanco, M.d.M.; et al. 16S-23S rRNA Internal Transcribed Spacer Region (ITS) Sequencing: A Potential Molecular Diagnostic Tool for Differentiating Lactococcus garvieae and Lactococcus petauri. Microorganisms 2023, 11, 1320. h...

Black soldier fly (BSF; Hermetia illucens) has received growing attention as an alternative sustainable ingredient for aquafeeds. This study aimed to investigate the effects of direct BSF feeding on growth, health, and filet quality of rainbow trout. Fish were fed with dried black soldier fly (BSF) prepupae for one, two, or three meals a day. After...

Lactococcosis, caused by the Gram-positive bacterium Lactococcus garvieae, is a major concern in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farms, which are regularly affected by outbreaks especially during the summer/fall months. In these farms, unvaccinated healthy and symptomatic fish can coexist with vaccinated fish. In the present study, innate (leuk...

Objectives: Salmonella Enteritidis is a pathogen that causes gastroenteritis and septicemia in humans and animals, causing worldwide health implications. This pathogen often causes fatal foodborne diseases in humans and animals. In recent years, new treatment strategies for bacterial infections have been studied. Bacteriophages might be used as an...

Background: Aeromonas hydrophila is a prevalent pathogenic bacterium in aquaculture that causes economic loss around the world. Antimicrobials are used to control and prevent the incidence of bacterial pathogens in aquaculture. However, they lead to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance strains and the accumulation of antibiotic residues in fi...

Fruits and vegetables are wasted in huge amounts and nearly 30% of all produced food is never consumed which leads to many economic and environmental issues. Similarly, the poultry industry generates a huge volume of waste. This refuse is reported to have high nutritional value and could be used as ingredients in the feed industry. Black soldier fl...

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of the dietary inclusion of black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens, prepupae in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerling diets on growth performance, fillet quality, and gut and liver histology. Chicken waste meal and fruit & vegetable waste (1:9, v:v) were used as feeding substrates o...

Lactococcus garvieae Lg‐per was originally isolated from rainbow trout cultured in cages located on the Turkish coast of the Black Sea in 2011. A whole genome sequence of Lg‐per was performed in the present study. The complete genome of Lg‐per mapped to the reference genomes of L. garvieae (GCF_000269925.1) and Lactococcus petauri (GCF_014830225.1)...

L. garvieae is the pathogen responsible of lactococcosis in rainbow trouts. The mechanisms by which L. garvieae can show pathogenicity are due to the effect of virulence factors, such as hemolysins and capsule. Three hemolysins genes (hly1, hly2, and hly3) were studied in the genome, while for the presence of the capsule, two couple of primers were...

Aeromonas hydrophila can infect a broad range of fish living in freshwater and estuaries. Because the majority of A. hydrophila is resistant to antimicrobials, alternative treatment strategies should be developed. Bacteriophage may be an alternate approach to control infectious diseases. For this reason, we isolated AP-T65, AP-T5, AP-Y28, and AP-AT...

Understanding the early life stage of fish can improve performance during the grow-out phase of the fish. In the present study, skeletal development and malformations were investigated in diploid and cold shock-induced triploid turbot during the early life stages. Diploid and triploid fish were reared in triplicate tanks starting from the hatching...

Identifying microorganisms and defining the community compositions are important for better understanding of the marine ecosystem and biochemical cycles. This study describes microbial community compositions of coastal surface waters of the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP). The V3–V4 regions of 16S rRNA genes were PCR-amplified, and sequencing lib...

Turbot, Scophthalmus maximus, is an economically important flat fish species. Usage of triploid turbot in aquaculture and fisheries management has a potential of being advantageous due to sterility, flesh quality, and better growth. In the present study, hatchery and growth performance of diploid and triploid groups at 16 °C and 21 °C were compared...

The Black Sea is a unique environment having a thin layer of oxic-zone above and anoxic-zone below. Seasonal, vertical, and horizontal microbial assemblages were studied in terms of diversity, abundance, community structure using NGS of the 16S rRNA gene. Total of 750 bacteria species from 23 different phyla were identified. The number of species r...

The effect of water temperature on the growth performance of triploid juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) at sub-optimal water temperatures is unknown. In this study, the effect of constant water temperatures (10, 14, 18, and 22 °C) on growth performance and feed conversion ratio of hatchery reared juvenile diploid and triploid turbot were evalu...

Cadmium, cobalt, copper, nickel, and zinc are the most common pollutant heavy metals that can be discharged into the marine environment with different sources. Whiting (Merlangius merlangus) and mullet (Mullus barbatus) were sampled in four seasons in a year to determine Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, and Zn levels in the muscle and to determine heavy metal resis...

Striped venus clam, Chamelea gallina, is an economically important clam species inhabiting coastal waters of the Mediterranean Sea, the Adriatic Sea, the Black Sea, and the Eastern Atlantic Ocean coasts of Europe. Despite the economic value of the species, there is limited information about genetic variability and structure on a geographical scale....

Brown trout, Salmo trutta is a widespread fish species throughout the Europe yet most of the natural populations of the species is in decline due to the anthropogenic pressures. Hatchery based stock enhancement is commonly used to restore depleted populations. Tracking pedigree information is useful for evaluating performance of stocked offspring a...

The purpose of the current study was to evaluate culturing potential of Brown trout (Salmo trutta) strains belonging to Danubian lineage and their reciprocal crosses. Using all possible combinations F1 generation cross-types were produced by crossing Abant (A), Black Sea (L), Caspian (C) and Anatolian (F) strains of brown trout which were previousl...

The plastic litter in the seas and oceans has become one of the major threats for environment and a wide range of marine species worldwide. Microplastics are the most common litters in the marine environment corresponding to 60-80% of the total litter in the world’s seas. The risk factor of plastics is inversely associated with the size of the plas...

Brown trout are polymorphic salmonid species, and it is of importance to investigate whether hybridization affects disease resistance. In this study, susceptibility of brown trout (Salmo trutta Abant, Anatolian, Black Sea, and Caspius) strains and their hybrids to Lactococcus garvieae and Yersinia ruckeri as well as their immune-related gene expres...

Lactococcosis disease incident caused by Lactococcus garvieae has been increased with increasing aquaculture productions and outbreaks of the disease have become a threat on farmed species. To prevent lactococcosis, inactivated vaccine has been used, however, it only provides protection when given by injection. Other than inactivated vaccine, vario...

We tested for reproductive isolation between Salmo trutta abanticus, S.t. labrax, S.t. caspius and S.t. fario by conducting crosses to produce F1 and F2 offspring. We also estimated the extent of genetic divergence between all three entities by examining sequence variation across the coI, d‐loop and cytb mitochondrial genes. All of the F1 cross‐typ...

Objective: To characterize antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs) of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecium isolated from the sediment and Lactococcus garvieae isolated from fish. Materials and methods: The isolated bacteria were identified by sequencing 16S rRNA genes. After identification of the bacteria...

ECOLOGY

Triclosan (TRC), chloroxylenol (PCMX) and methylisothiazolinone (MIT) have been commonly used as an antimicrobial in soaps while borax (BRX) is used in household cleaning. After using these chemicals, they are washed down drains and getting into the aquatic ecosystem in which they may affect aquatic living organisms. In the present study, the chron...

Antibiotic resistance and the presence of resistance genes (ARGs) were investigated in the bacteria isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from different trout farms located in Turkey. The most frequent types of antibiotic resistance were towards β-lactams (cephalothin [70% of bacterial isolates], amoxicillin [63%], ampicillin [62%], tic...

Lactococcus garvieae is the causative agent of lactococcosis and has been isolated from a wide variety of animals. In the present study, 34 strains of L. garvieae isolated from fish from different sources and locations were tested for the presence or absence of the following putative virulence genes: a capsule gene cluster (CGC), hemolysins 1, 2, a...

Yersinia ruckeri is a Gram negative bacteria causing yersiniosis in freshwater and marine fish. Lipid A, important for pathogenesis of Gram negative bacteria, biosynthesis pathway requires nine enzyme catalyzed steps. Although there are nine genes encoding lipid A biosynthesis in bacteria, biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharides relies on lpxD gene tha...

Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) have unique physicochemistry and potential to interact with other substances in the aqueous phase. Here, gene [metallothionein 2 (mt2)] expression changes in larval zebrafish were used to evaluate the association between aqueous Hg2+ and TiO2 (NPs and bulk particle size control) to investigate the relationship between...

Forty isolates of Yersinia ruckeri from Italy (4), Turkey (24), the USA (10), and two type strains were compared by using biochemical test, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and outer membrane protein (OMP) profiles. Two biotype 1 and biotype 2 Y. ruckeri were determined based on motility and phospholipase activi...

This study is the first potential culture of the Mediterranean horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus Steindachner, 1868) in cages in the Southeastern Black Sea. The wild fish was captured by net and transferred into sea cages. Growth study was performed between October 2010 and October 2011. Sea cage which 5x5x3 m dimensioned, was divided there e...

This study aims to investigate aquatic stability and toxic effects of ZnO-TiO2 NPs (45.2 nm) on Artemia salina. According to probit analyzes LC50 values for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours were calculated as 5.111, 0.296, 0.143 and 0.119 mg/L, respectively. According to the results of Ti amount in ZnO-TiO2 were compared in terms of concentrations by multip...

Listonella anguillarum is a Gram-negative facultative anaerobic rod causing hemorrhagic septicemia in marine and rarely in freshwater fish. Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) plays an important role in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle by oxidizing succinate to fumarate while reducing ubiquinone to ubiquinol. Recent studies indicate that central metabo...

In this study, aquatic stability and toxic effects of TiO2 and AgTiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were investigated on Artemia salina nauplii. AgTiO2 was found to be more toxic to nauplii compared to TiO2. The mortality rate in nauplii increased significantly with increasing concentrations and duration of exposure. TiO2 eliminations ranged between 27.8 % a...

ABSTRACT: Antibiotic resistance and presence of the resistance genes were investigated in the bacteria isolated from water, sediment, and fish in trout farms. A total of 9 bacterial species, particularly Escherichia coli, were isolated from the water and sediment samples, and 12 species were isolated from fish. The antimicrobial test indicated the...

Giriş: Antibiyotikler inhibe edici özelliklerinin keşfedilmesinden beri bakteriyel hastalıkların tedavisinde tüm dünyada yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Su ürünleri sektöründe patojen bakterilerin antibiyotiklere karşı direnç geliştirmesi ciddi bir sorun haline gelmiştir. Gerekçe ve Yöntemler: Çalışmada 2004-2014 yılları arasında balıklardan i...

Biochemical test, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence PCR (ERIC-PCR) were used to compare 42 strains of Lactococcus garvieae isolated from different regions of Turkey, Italy, France and Spain. Twenty biotypes of L. garvieae were formed based on 54 biochemical tests. ERIC-PCR of genomi...

Fish have direct interaction with the environment where they live. Since they are cold-blooded they are affected by ambient temperature very quickly. Fish health management measures can not prevent fish from infectious fish diseases dye to environmental changes, but it can minimize their effects. Excessive stocking density, poor water quality, low...

This review summarizes the state of knowledge about the major bacterial and viral pathogens of fish found in Turkey. It also considers diseases prevention and treatment. In this study, peer reviewed scientific articles, theses and dissertations, symposium proceedings, government records as well as recent books, which published between 1976 and 2013...

Larval survival potentially affects recruitment strongly. Variability in larval growth rates, primarily caused by variable nutritional situations, is one of the factors that can influence larval survival rates. RNA/DNA ratio as well as protein content was analyzed in wild-caught laboratory-grown and in wild-caught horse mackerel Trachurus mediterra...

Biochemical test, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence PCR (ERIC-PCR) were used to compare 42 strains of Lactococcus garvieae isolated from different regions of Turkey, Italy, France and Spain. Twenty biotypes of L. garvieae were formed based on 54 biochemical tests. ERIC-PCR of genomi...

Türkiye'de bakteriyel balık hastalıkları yaygın olarak görülmektedir. Bu hastalıklardan kaynaklanan kayıpları önlemek için farklı antibiyotikler ya da inaktive edilmiş aşılar kullanılmakta fakat bakterilerin antibiyotiğe direnç oluşturması ve inaktif aşıların yeterli korumayı sağlamaması nedeniyle istenen oranda başarı sağlanamamaktadır. Bu bağlamd...

zet Ülkemizde ilk balık hastalıklarının teşhisi 1980'li yılların başı olup, sonraki yıllarda bu alanda çalışan kişilerin artmasıyla ve işletme sayılarının artmasına paralel olarak artmıştır. Dünyada görülen balık hastalıklarının tamamı ülkemizde görülürken sadece Pseudomonas putida ilk defa balıktan izole edilmiştir. Şu ana kadar ülkemizde 41 gram...

Juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) were exposed to therapeutic, and higher concentrations of chloramine-T (Cl-T) to assess the effects of this chemical on the antioxidant enzyme system and genetic structure. Red blood cells acetylcholinesterase, ∆-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, paraoxonase and liver glutathione S-transferase act...

Yersiniosis caused by Yersinia ruckeri is the main causes of high mortalities and severe economic losses in freshwater and marine aquaculture. To prevent this disease, a live attenuated vaccine was developed. For this purpose, Y. ruckeri aroA and aroC genes were amplified and DNA fragments mutated by overlap extension PCR was cloned. Protection rat...

Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx) activities in liver of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; 116.88±21.69g) were evaluated after exposing fish to sublethal concentrations (25μg/L) of carbosulfan in flow-through tanks for 60 days. During the experiment...

To prevent surface tension-related deaths in horse mackerel larvae, Trachurus mediterraneus, camphor grain (CG; 26 and 52 mg L-1 with and without ethanol) and chicken egg white (EW; 40 and 80 mu L L-1) were added to rearing water. Compared with the control groups, supplementation of EW (4080 mu L) and CG (52 mg L-1, dissolved in ethanol) significan...

Acute toxicity of the fungicide, captan, to juvenile rainbow trout was evaluated under static-renewal test condition. Actual concentrations of captan ranged from 0.05 to 1.00 mg/L. The concentrations of captan that killed 50% of the rainbow trout (3.11±0.8 g) within 24 (24 h; LC(50)), 48, 72 and 96 h were 0.57±0.09, 0.49±0.10, 0.44±0.11 and 0.38±0....

Detection of changes in enzyme activities is widely used as a quick method to determine the toxic effects of pesticides or other toxic chemicals. In this study, chronic toxic effects of carbamate insecticide carbosulfan (250 g/L, EC) used commonly in agriculture areas as well as in Eastern Black Sea Region on blood enzyme activity of rainbow trout...

Effects of water volume and water column height on toxicity of cypermethrin, carbaryl, dichlorvos, tetradifon, maneb, captan, carbosulfan endosulfan and HgCl₂ to juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, 3.2 ± 0.7 g) were evaluated in different glass aquaria under static conditions. When fish were exposed to the chemical compounds in 23 cm water...

A multiplex PCR (mPCR) method was designed for the simultaneous detection of 4 major fish pathogens, Flavobacterium psychrophilum, Lactococcus garvieae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and P. putida. Each of the 4 pairs of oligonucleotide primers exclusively amplified the 16S rDNA gene of their targeted microorganism. The average detection limits for each...

A disease outbreak occurred during the spring of 2009 among cultured juvenile European turbot (Psetta maxima) kept in growout tanks. During the outbreak, 10% of the turbot died. Typical clinical signs were unilateral exophthalmia and skin ulcers beneath the lower jaw. No bacteria were isolated from the fish. Based on a parasitological examination o...

Black Sea waters remain heavily impacted by a number of pollutants originating from different sources such as direct and indirect discharge of land based pollutants, sewage etc. The Black Sea environment is highly contaminated in many urban and industrialized areas of the many countries, resulting in severe ecotoxicological impacts. Heavy metals ar...

Gill, trunk kidney, spleen, and liver of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were examined after exposure to different sublethal concentrations of carbosulfan (25, 50 and 200 μgL(-1)), propineb (3, 6 and 24 mgL(-1)), and benomyl (2, 5 and 20 mgL(-1)) for 14 days. Lesions were observed in gill, trunk kidney, spleen, and liver of rainbow trout expose...

Tristomella laevis (Monogenea. Capsalidae) was recorded on gills of sword-fish (Xiphias gladius), collected from Ayvacik, Canakkale, for the first time in Turkey. Infested fish weight ranged between 8.1 and 10.5 kg. Parasites were observed generally on small fish rather than big fish. Main prevalence of parasites was determined as 70% and serious g...

Acute toxicity of the pesticides, maneb and carbaryl, to juvenile rainbow trout were evaluated under static-renewal test conditions. Actual concentrations of maneb ranged from 0.10mg/L to 2.00mg/L and carbaryl ranged from 0.20mg/L to 3.90mg/L. The concentrations of maneb that killed 50% of the rainbow trout (3.27+/-0.9g) within 24-h (24-h; LC(50)),...

Six days after transfer of eyed stage rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs into an incubator, egg mortality occurred during the winter of 2007. During the outbreak, approximately 30% of the eggs died. Rheocricotopus fuscipes (Kieffer, 1909) and Eukiefferiella claripennis (Lundbeck, 1898) (subfamily Orthocladiinae), Chironomid midge larvae were...

The acute toxicity of ammonium sulphate, calcium ammonium nitrate and two different composite fertilizers [15:15:15 (NPK-1) and 25:5:10 (NPK-2)] to juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; 0.89 +/- 0.22 g) was evaluated under semi-static conditions. The concentrations of ammonium sulphate, calcium ammonium nitrate, NPK-1 and NPK-2 that killed 5...

Thirty-two freshwater rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farms, two rainbow trout marine cages, and one research station in the Black Sea region of Turkey were surveyed for bacterial pathogens and diseases in 2006-2008. Forty bacterial isolates were phenotypically identified in 558 fish. Yersiniosis, furunculosis, vibriosis, motile Aeromonas septi...

Subchronic toxicity of composite inorganic fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate [fertilizer A; (NH(4))(2)SO(4); 21% NH(4)-N)], composite fertilizer 15-15-15 (fertilizer B; commercial formulation: 15% NH(4)-N, 15% phosphorus, and 15% potassium oxide), and composite fertilizer 25-5-10 (fertilizer C; commercial formulation: 25% NH(4)-N, 5% phosphorus,...

Abstract: This publication summarizes information on parasites of Turkish fishes from 2003 to 2008. The information is presented as parasite-host lists and contains 79 species of parasites, distributed among the higher taxa as follows: Protozoa (14 species), Monogenea (12), Digenea (15), Cestodes (8), Crustacae (1), Isopoda (7), Copepoda (4), Nemat...

To evaluate Enterobacter cloacae and Bacillus mojavensis, isolated from rainbow trout gut in the present study, as a probiotic to control yersiniosis disease. A strain of Ent. cloacae and B. mojavensis, isolated from the digestive tract of rainbow trout had an antagonistic effect to Yersinia ruckeri, which causes yersiniosis. After feeding fish wit...

Tristomella laevis (Monogenea, Capsalidae) was recorded on gills of swordfish (Xiphias gladius), collected from Ayvacık, Çanakkale, for the first time in Turkey. Infested fish weight ranged between 8.1 and 10.5 kg. Parasites were observed generally on small fish rather than big fish. Main prevalence of parasites was determined as 70% and serious gi...

A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was designed for the simultaneous detection of the five major fish pathogens, Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, Flavobacterium columnare, Renibacterium salmoninarum, and Yersinia ruckeri. Each of the five pairs of oligonucleotide primers exclusively amplified the targe...

The seasonal fluctuation of the protozoan parasites (lchthyophthirius multifiliis, Ichthyobodo necator and Trichodina spp.) on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), and brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey was investigated monthly from April 2005 to September 2006. A total of...

Bacteria isolated from rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, kept in a farm, in Turkey. During the outbreak, 40% of the rainbow trout (10–40 g) died. Typical clinical signs were exophthalmia, dark pigmentation, hemorrhage at the base of the pectoral, pelvic, anal fins and around the vent. Internal signs were enlarged spleen, pale liver and intestine...

Abstract: Acute toxicity of mercury-II chloride (HgCl₂), one of most toxic pollutants for aquatic ecosystems, in chub ( Alburnoides bipunctatus ) and rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) was investigated in the present study. Actual concentration of HgCl₂ was ranged from 0.10 to 8.00 mg L^-1. Concentrations of HgCl<...

Acute toxicity of mercury-II chloride (HgCl2), one of most toxic pollutants for aquatic ecosystems, in chub (Alburnoides bipunctatus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was investigated in the present study. Actual concentration of HgCl2 was ranged from 0.10 to 8.00 mg L(-1). Concentrations of HgCl2 that killed 50% of the chub and rainbow trou...

The amount of energy required for osmoregulation depends on the difference between internal and external concentrations of ions (Rao 1968; Farmer and Beamish 1969), changes in corticosteroid hormone levels (Morgan and Iwama 1996), glomerular filtration rates (Furspan et al. 1984), gill and kidney Na+, K+-ATPase activity (McCormick et al. 1989; Morg...

Liver, spleen, trunk kidney, gills, and brain of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were examined histologically after exposure to different concentrations of methiocarb (2.5 and 3.75 mg/L) or endosulfan (0.6 and 1.3 micro g/L) for 21 days. Histological recovery was also studied by maintaining the pesticide-exposed fish in a freshwater system for...

The acute toxicity of carbaryl, methiocarb and carbosulfan to juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; 1.92 +/- 0.5 g) and guppies (Poecilia reticulata; 0.45 +/- 0.04 g) was evaluated in 96-h toxicity tests under static conditions. Concentrations in the toxicity test ranged from 0.85 to 8.5 mg/l for carbaryl, from 0.7 to 28.0 mg/l for methiocar...

A disease outbreak occurred during the Spring of 2006 among rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, kept in growout tanks. During the outbreak 35% of the rainbow trout died. Typical clinical signs were ulceration on the dorsal surface of the fish. Based on biochemical characteristics and sequence of 16S rRNA, the causative bacteria isolated from diseas...

The acute toxicity of endosulfan in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, 10.61+/-1.69 g) was evaluated in glass aquaria under static conditions. Nominal concentrations of endosulfan in the toxicity test ranged from 1.3 microg l(-1) to 29 microg l(-1). The concentrations of endosulfan that killed 50% of the rainbow trout within 24-h (24-h LC...

The acute toxicity of methiocarb in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, 3.25±0.79g) was evaluated in glass aquaria under static conditions. Nominal concentrations of methiocarb in the toxicity test ranged from 1.25 to 7.50mgL(-1). The concentrations of methiocarb that killed 50% of the rainbow trout within 24-h (24-h LC(50)), 48-h LC(50),...

This paper reports a first identification of the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD), Renibacterium salmoninarum, in cultured Black Sea salmon (Salmo trutta labrax) in Turkey. Although it was previously claimed that R. salmoninarum was isolated in 1977 (Halici et al., 1977), Bayindir Dam, Ankara, it appears to be a misidentification o...

A clinical field trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of aqueous chloramine-T to control mortality of goldfish (Carassius auratus) fingerlings infected with Flavobacterium columnare. In addition, the acute toxicity of chloramine-T to goldfish was determined in glass aquaria under static conditions. Chloramine-T concentrations in the toxicit...

Two species of freshwater stenohaline fish (channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus; and goldfish, Carassius auratus) and four species of euryhaline fish (rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss; brown trout, Salmo trutta; striped bass, Morone saxatilis; and Gulf sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) were raised in salinities from 0‰ to 9‰, and then thei...

Juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) acclimated to fresh water or salinities of less than or equal to 9.0parts per thousand were exposed orally or by immersion to Yersinia ruckeri. Immersion or oral exposure affected the survival of fish. All deaths occurred between 4 and 12 d after exposure to Y. ruckeri. Analysis of variance indicated tha...

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was developed for largemouth bass virus (LMBV). This iridovirus can cause a lethal disease of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, but also subclinically infects largemouth bass and other species of fishes. Oligonucleotide primers were designed to specifically amplify the major capsid protein gene of LMBV....

In two experiments, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss 2.5 to 3.5 months old were electroshocked and then exposed to waterborne Yersinia ruckeri, the bacterial pathogen that causes enteric redmouth disease (ERM). The electroshock consisted of a 20-s exposure to a homogeneous 4-V/cm, 30-Hz square-pulsed (3-ms pulse) DC in water with an ambient conduc...

The first reported fish kill caused by largemouth bass virus (LMBV) occurred in 1995 in Santee-Cooper Reservoir, South Carolina, USA. Subsequently, this iridovirus has been implicated in additional fish kills and has also been found in clinically healthy fish in numerous locations in the southeastern USA. We compared the virus from Santee-Cooper Re...

Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), goldfish, Carassius auratus (L.), striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum), and Gulf sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi Vladykov, were acclimatized to fresh water or salinities of 9.0‰ or less and then exposed to Flavobacterium columnare (formerly known as Flexibacter columnaris), the bacterial...