Ildeberto Santos-Ruiz

Tecnológico Nacional de México · Departamento de Ciencias Básicas

This paper presents a pressure management technique for the reduction of leaks considering as a case study a branched water distribution system. The proposed technique is based on the detection and location of the leak using a genetic algorithm (GA) and pressure control using a Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR). The validation of the proposed method...

This paper introduces a technique for simultaneous estimation of additive and multiplicative faults in the actuators of nonlinear systems represented by quasi-linear parameter varying (qLPV) models based on a proportional-integral unknown input observer. The qLPV model, structured with a tensor product, allows for optimized flexibility of the obser...

This work presents the reconstruction of the pressure head map of a water distribution system (WDS). This approach relies on historical data collected from a reduced number of sensors placed at some nodes of the WDS. Thus, a Gaussian regression process is then applied to estimate the pressure head at those nodes without a sensor, which allows the r...

The current study addresses the problem of leak detection and isolation (LDI) in a branched pipeline system. The detection process employs a mass balance approach following mass conservation principles. The leak isolation algorithm is activated upon detecting a leak, comprising a bank of m observers corresponding to the number of pipeline branche...

En este artículo presenta un observador proporcional integral convexo (PIC) para la estimación de fallas en actuadores en un robot móvil con ruedas mecanum. Mediante la técnica del sector no lineal, se desarrolla un modelo convexo con estructura producto tensor el cual proporciona mayor flexibilidad en la solución de las ganancias del observador. P...

Wind turbines have become one of the essential sources of energy generation due to their contribution to energy security, economic development, job creation, and technological innovation. This work proposes a methodology for designing robust fault diagnosis systems based on a bank of zonotopic state estimators built upon Takagi–Sugeno (TS) models....

This work proposes a method for fault diagnosis based on Takagi Sugeno (TS) observers and convex models identified with a multioutput adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (MANFIS) derived from structural analysis. A bank of zonotopic TS observers is implemented to detect sensors and actuators faults. Unlike other works that require data from fault...

This paper presents the design and development of a digital twin to diagnose leaks in water distribution networks. The digital twin allows for the remote operation of the hydraulic system’s actuators using embedded microcontrollers integrated with Internet of Things (IoT) capabilities. Pressure head and flow rate measurements are received online in...

This paper presents a fault detection and estimation method based on a proportional-integral observer applied to a three-degree-of-freedom mechanical crane. Faults are common in this system and can provoke oscillations that generate a loss of performance and stability. A convex linear parameter varying approach is proposed to stabilize the crane an...

In this paper, the two-simultaneous-leak isolation problem in water distribution networks is addressed. This methodology relies on optimal sensor placement together with a leak location strategy using two well-known classifiers: k-NN and discriminant analysis. First, zone segmentation of the water distribution network is proposed, aiming to reduce...

This article develops a hybrid approach to fault detection and isolation (FDI) based on a machine learning technique and quasi-Linear Parameter Varying (qLPV) zonotopic observers. First, the dynamical model of a wind turbine is identified using an adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), which results in a set of qLPV polytopic models...

Locating leaks in water distribution networks is vital in drinking water management. This chapter presents a method for leak localization using pressure measurements modified by a nonlinear transformation related to direction cosines in the pressure space. Direction cosines are used as input variables in classifiers that locate leaks by associating...

This paper proposes a methodology based on a genetic algorithms (GA) to calibrate the parameters of a chlorine decay model in a water distribution system (WDS). The proposed methodology first contemplates that a GA is implemented using historical measurements of chlorine concentration at some sensed nodes to calibrate the unknown values correspondi...

This work presents the instrumentation, modeling, and parameterization of an electric vehicle used for public transport. The aim is to characterize the mathematical model for its application in control systems design. A system identification technique based on a gray box approach is used to estimate specific parameters of the longitudinal model tha...

Wind turbine power generation is becoming one of the most critical renewable energy sources. As wind power grows, there is a need for better monitoring and diagnostic strategies to maximize energy production and increase its security. In this paper, a fault diagnosis approach based on a data-driven technique, which represents the system behavior em...

The main contribution of this paper is to present a novel solution for the leak diagnosis problem in branched pipeline systems considering the availability of pressure head and flow rate sensors on the upstream (unobstructed) side and the downstream (constricted) side. This approach is based on a bank of Kalman filters as state observers designed o...

This article presents the general formulation and terminology of reinforcement learning (RL) from the perspective of Bellman’s equations based on a reward function, its learning methods and algorithms. The important key in RL is the calculation of value-state and value state-action functions, useful to find, compare and improve policies for learnin...

This paper presents the development of low-cost CO2 remote monitoring devices based on NDIR sensors, and the design of a Nonlinear Autoregressive Neural Network (NAR) that forecasts the indoor CO2 concentration in the short and medium term to avoid risks of SARS-CoV-2 contagion due to the accumulation of poor quality air previously breathed by othe...

This paper addresses the problem of parameter calibration in pipelines based on a Genetic Algorithm (GA). The parameters under consideration are the pipe roughness and the minor loss coefficient caused by fittings like valves, elbows, and couplings. These parameters cannot be directly measured, and their accuracy plays an essential role in successf...

The present work deals with the multi-leak diagnosis problem in a branched pipeline configuration as in water distribution systems. Here, it is assumed that the flow rate and pressure head measurements are available upstream and at all delivering points of the network. The proposed Leak Detection and Isolation (LDI) scheme basically involves two es...

This work proposes a model predictive control (MPC) strategy for pressure management and leakage reduction in a water distribution system (WDS). Unlike most of the reported models that mainly consider EPANET-based models, the proposed method considers its dynamic representation given by ordinary differential equations. The proposed MPC uses a press...

This paper presents the design of a maximum power point-tracking (MPPT) technique for DC–DC converters that are used in energy-harvesting systems based on thermoelectric generators. This technique is based on the analysis of the characteristics of the converter to measure the open-circuit voltage indirectly. The main contribution of this article is...

This paper presents a method for optimal pressure sensor placement in water distribution networks using information theory. The criterion for selecting the network nodes where to place the pressure sensors was that they provide the most useful information for locating leaks in the network. Considering that the node pressures measured by the sensors...

Este trabajo propone un esquema de detección y localización de fallas en los actuadores de un vehículo aéreo no tripulado (VANT) del tipo cuadrirrotor. Para ello, se considera un enfoque basado en datos haciendo uso de técnicas de aprendizaje de máquina. En este enfoque se construye un modelo implícito del sistema a través de la información proporc...

The present work addresses the estimation of two interrelated parameters of the fluid flow in pipes. First, a numerical and experimental evaluation of some proposed methods to compute the friction factor in turbulent regime is presented. Special attention is given to an explicit solution obtained through the Lambert W-function. Subsequently, a meth...

This paper presents a proposal to estimate simultaneously, through nonlinear optimization, the roughness and head loss coefficients in a non-straight pipeline. With the proposed technique, the calculation of friction is optimized by minimizing the fitting error in the Colebrook–White equation for an operating interval of the pipeline from the flow...

This paper presents a novel non-invasive monitoring method, based on a Liénard-type model (LTM) to diagnose single and sequential leaks in liquid pipelines. The LTM describes the fluid behavior in a pipeline and is given only in terms of the flow rate. Our method was conceived to be applied in pipelines mono-instrumented with flowmeters or in conju...

This paper presents a leak localization approach for water distribution networks using classifiers with pressure residuals as input features. This approach is based on applying a non-linear transformation to the residuals of the node pressures to increase the separability of the leak classes. The transformed features can be interpreted as the direc...

This paper proposes an approach based on a k-Nearest Neighbour classification algorithm (k-NN) to identify regions in a water distribution network (WDN) that are affected under presence of leaks. The classification algorithm is trained with numerical data coming from a MATLAB simulator based on a dynamic model of the WDN that involve leaks in its f...

The present work addresses the issue of fault detection and isolation, in the actuators of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), of the four-engine type, under a data-based approach, using machine learning techniques. In this approach, an implicit model of the system is constructed, through analytical information by various sensors. To meet the develo...

This paper presents a leak localization approach for water distribution networks using classifiers with pressure residuals as input features. This approach is based on applying a non-linear transformation to the residuals of the node pressures to increase the separability of the leak classes. The transformed features can be interpreted as the direc...

This paper proposes an approach based on a k-Nearest Neighbour classification algorithm (k-NN) to identify regions in a water distribution network (WDN) that are affected under presence of leaks. The classification algorithm is trained with numerical data coming from a MATLAB simulator based on a dynamic model of the WDN that involve leaks in its f...

Resumen: En este artículo se propone una metodología para la detección de fallas en los actuadores de un Vehículo Aéreo No Tripulado (VANT) del tipo cuatrirrotor. El enfoque propuesto se basa en la técnica de Análisis en Componentes Principales (PCA). Con este método se extraen datos de velocidades angulares en los tres ejes de rotación considerand...

Draws an EPANET network in a new MATLAB figure using geographic axes and satellite maps. Download the latest version of: https://la.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/73001-epanet_map

This paper proposes a method to predict pressures in all nodes of a water distribution network (WDN) by Gaussian process regression (GPR) from pressure measurements in a subset of selected nodes. The pressure sensors are placed in the nodes where, together, they capture the maximum pressure variance and also have a minimum sensitivity to measuremen...

MATLAB code to compute some physical properties of water dependent on temperature, from 0.1 to 100 celsius. Properties calculated in this version: Kinematic Viscosity, Density, and Bulk Modulus.

Screen capture of the program for optimal placement of pressure sensors in water distribution networks. The selected nodes are those where the sensors capture the maximum pressure variance in leakage conditions. Soon the mathematical and computational details will be published.

This paper presents the design of a H∞ sliding mode and an unknown input observer for Takagi-Sugeno (TS) systems. Contrary to the common approaches reported in the literature, which considers exact premise variables, this work deals with the problem of inexact measurements of the premise variables. The proposed method is based on a H∞ criteria to b...

This paper proposes a methodology for leak detection and isolation (LDI) in pipelines based on data fusion from two approaches: a steady-state estimation and an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). The proposed method considers only pressure head and flow rate measurements at the pipeline ends, which contain intrinsic sensor and process noise. The LDI sys...

Resumen: El presente trabajo tiene dos propósitos. (1) Presentar la evaluación númerica y experimental de algunos métodos propuestos para estimar el factor de fricción en régimen turbulento, entre ellos una solución explícita obtenida mediante la función W 0 de Lambert. (2) Proponer un método para estimar el coeficiente de rugosidad, parámetro requ...

Este trabajo presenta el modelado y la simulación de una red hidráulica con cuatro nodos y dos ramificaciones que forman un sistema de distribución de agua de dos niveles. Se propone una distribución de válvulas hidráulicas que permite reconfigurar la red para el desarrollo de algoritmos en ductos simples, en redes cerradas y en redes ramificadas....

In this paper, a data-driven system based on PCA is described to detect and quantify fluid leaks in an experimental pipeline. A dynamic PCA implementation (DPCA) was used to capture the process dynamics because the system variables are time-correlated. To detect leaks online, the Hotelling's T2 statistic and the squared prediction error (SPE) were...

Resumen: Este trabajo presenta el diseño y modelado matemático de una planta piloto para la detección de fugas hidráulicas. El diseño del sistema piloto se realizó en SolidWorks considerando una configuración de serpentín para la optimización del espacio en el laboratorio. Los parámetros del modelo se obtuvieron a través del estudio de las propieda...

En este trabajo se presenta el desarrollo de un prototipo tipo interfaz gráfica de usuario (GUI del inglés Graphic User Interface) para la identificación de sistemas tipo SISO (single input- single output). El GUI pude utilizarse como una alternativa a la interfaz IDENT de MATLAB. Con los algoritmos propuestos es posible identificar y estimar los p...