Ilda Kazani

Polytechnic University of Tirana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Albania · Textile and Fashion

The development of electro-conductive yarns and the characterization of their conductive properties has gained importance over the past years. However, for their later application, not only the electro-conductive properties of the yarns are important, but also their mechanical characteristics. Hence, this paper presents an analysis of the mechanica...

The sheet resistance of electrically conducting screen-printed surfaces can be measured with different techniques such as Van Der Pauw or four-point probe. As electroconductive textile materials show anisotropic behaviour we investigate the possibility of using the four-point probe method to measure the anisotropic properties of the electric conduc...

Electro-conductive yarns can be produced in various ways and can obtain very different properties in terms of conductivity, touch, as well as strength and elasticity. In this research, it was focussed on manufacturing elastic and electro-conductive yarns (el2-yarns) via hollow spindle spinning. All yarns comprised elastic core yarns, based on rubbe...

The implementation of electronic textiles which are capable of being applied as electrodes, sensors or heating elements is crucial in several fields of application, ranging from automotive to sports, from rehabilitation to art and design. However, current electronic textiles often suffer from poor mechanical properties, low drape and unstable elect...

Wearable antennas, integrated into garments, are prone to get dirty. Therefore, for the first time in literature, washable antennas are proposed by covering textile antennas by a breathable thermoplastic polyurethane coating, protecting the antennas against water absorption and corrosion. The washability of coated wearable antennas produced by scre...

Socks, being a necessary item of clothing, must be comfortable and maintain their quality throughout their life. Therefore, it is very important to select the yarns for their production. Usually, casual socks are made from a high percentage of cotton to ensure softness and comfort, and blended with polyamide to improve fit, durability and shrink re...

Leather is a well-known material with a wide range of applications in clothing, footwear, protection, accessories and furnishing. Further on it is reported in only a few triboelectric series tables, as a material which has an intensive tendency to become positive. In the hereby study, its triboelectric potentials are examined to be used as part of...

Leather has been used for various applications for thousands of years and it remains popular today for the making of apparel, footwear, furniture and accessories, thanks to its durability, flexibility and good insulation. But beyond its traditional properties, leather can also accept conducting polymers to enrich its electrical properties. In this...

Conductive leather and its use in smart products have found a lot of interest. Leather behaves as a good insulator, so it was treated with electrically conducting polypyrrole using a chemical polymerization technique to give it conductive characteristics. The electro-conductive properties are obtained by using the double in–situ oxidative polymeriz...

Conductive leather and its use in smart products have found a lot of interest. Leather behaves as a good insulator, so it was treated with electrically conducting polypyrrole using a chemical polymerization technique to give it conductive characteristics. The electro-conductive properties are obtained by using the double in–situ oxidative polymeriz...

A mathematical model is presented to simulate the electric resistivity of leather samples as a function of humidity. It will be shown that absolute and not relative humidity is the crucial parameter. The model assumes that the leather includes channels that can absorb water from the surrounding environment. This effect primarily determines the elec...

Electro-conductive textiles are mostly fabrics that have conductive elements or electronics integrated into them to achieve electrical characteristics. They have acquired considerable attention in applications involving sensors, communications, heating textiles, entertainment, health care, safety etc. To produce electro-conductive textiles, several...

The Internet of Things (IoT) is considered a promising realm of innovation and revenue generation for the forthcoming years, revolutionizing the way we interact with objects, other people and the world. With an unprecedented but realistic target of trillions of interconnected devices, the IoT calls for technological innovations that lie in the hear...

This paper aims to give an overview of the history of the development of Albanian leather and footwear manufacturing sector covering the whole production chain from leather processing to footwear production as well as the perspective of this sector in the country and its challenges.

Leather is a material that has been used in different applications for centuries. Today, living in the era of high-tech¬nology, we are surrounded by smart products. For this reason, traditional products must be changed or im¬proved in order to support and make us more comfortable while using them. For instance, the touch screen display in electroni...

Leather has limited uses in smart or advanced applications because it doesn’t conduct electricity. Applying double in situ–polymerization of pyrrole gives leather conductive properties. The treated leather changes its natural color into black color going through this double in–situ polymerization method and show very good conductivity. The problem...

In the last decade, smart textiles have become very popular as a concept and have found use in many applications, such as military, electronics, automotive, and medical ones. In the medical area, smart textiles research is focused more on biomonitoring, telemedicine, rehabilitation, sport medicine or home healthcare systems.In this research, the de...

Determining the surface resistance of electro conductive refined natural leather materials is in the focus of this paper. Natural leather samples are initially transformed to conductive by applying chemical treatment process known as polymerization. Due to the existence of various techniques for measuring electrical resistance of conductive materia...

Measurement of electrical resistance of textile materials, fiber and fabrics included, remains always an engaging task due to sensitivities to interference of multiple factors. Difficulty stands on both finding a method of measurements that fits the requirements of samples to be tested and the most appropriate indicator describing this property. Nu...

Colouration of fabrics is a major process in the production of textile material. But due to the environmental and health hazard problems caused by synthetic dyes, now people are more concerned about using natural dyes. Nowadays natural dyes are used broadly in many applications such as textile and carpet industry. In this work is investigated the d...

In the smart textile field the combination of textile and metallic materials is rising. In order to conduct electricity in textile, different methods are used. This paper deals with a new measuring method to determine the lateral thermal conductivity of a textile fabric. The technique starts by measuring the temperature distribution on the fabric u...

Coloration of fabrics with natural colorants in the production of textile material, is a process that is revived nowadays. In this work, natural dye was extracted from saffron petals and used to dye wool fabrics. Different selected mordants were used in the dyeing process of wool fibers under three different mordanting techniques; pre-mordanting, s...

The aim of this study was to present the basic problems of determining surface resistance in electroconductive refined natural leather materials. By using polymerization technique, nonconductive leather proprieties are transformed into conductive. In this paper attention was paid to surface resistance measurement by applying different arrangement o...

Measurement of electrical resistance of textile materials, fiber and fabrics included, remains always an engaging task due to sensitivities to interference of multiple factors. Difficulty stands both on finding a method of measurements that fits the requirements of samples to be tested and the most appropriate indicator describing this property. Ac...

Recently the awareness of the demand on eco-friendly dyes in textile applications is increased, since the natural dyes can reveal better biodegradability and generally have a higher compatibility with the environment. This study was conduct on the natural dyes of Crocus Sativus (saffron), growing in Dumre (Elbasan Region). As a natural dye, saffron...

Two different textile substrates were screen printed with silver-based inks in order to be electrically conductive. In every textile four conductors were printed with different widths in order to investigate the influence of heat transfer on each conductor. This was done, by using the thermo graphic camera and through the evaluation of each conduct...

Use of natural dyes has increased several folds in the past few years due to the eco-friendly approach of the people. In this paper we present the experimental results of a dyeing process of cotton fabrics with natural colouring matter extracted from Crocus Sativus (saffron). The natural dye was extracted by aqueous method at boiling conditions. Tw...

Electrically conducting inks were screen printed on various textile substrates. The samples were dry cleaned with the usual chemicals in order to investigate the influence of the mechanical treatment on the electrical conductivity. It was found that dry cleaning has a tremendous influence on this electrical conductivity. For several samples, it is...

Since about a decade, the necessity and potential to further increase the functionality of textiles has been revealed, especially in health care field. An intense research effort is put in the development of the textrodes (textile electrodes). This research focuses on the screen-printed electrodes, which are studied through electrochemical impedanc...

The stability of wearable textile antennas after 20 reference washing cycles was evaluated by measuring the reflection coefficient of different antenna prototypes. The prototypes' conductive parts were screen-printed on several textile substrates using two different silver-based conductive inks. The necessity of coating the antennas with a thermopl...

With electric conductive yarns, an electric resistor has been inserted into a shirt in order to heat the shirt. This might have possible use for medical applications or energy savings. The heating properties were investigated with infrared thermography and the possibilities for portable battery operation have been studied.

The emergence of smart textiles in recent years has revealed the need for electroconductive textiles. Characterised by flexibility and cost effectiveness, the potential of screen printing textiles with conductive ink is presented in this paper. The electroconductive properties of printed textiles are investigated as a means to address evaluation of...

The expectancies of humans from textile garments are changing as their life standard increases. Smart textiles respond to these desires. An intensive working life is a cause of stress and fatigue. Moreover, an uncomfortable sleep raises negative feelings. In this regard, the ultimate aim of the study presented in this paper is to create thermal com...

With electric conductive yarns, an electric resistor has been inserted into a shirt in order to heat the shirt. This might have possible use for medical applications or energy savings. The heating properties were investigated with infrared thermography and the possibilities for portable battery operation have been studied. ÖZET Isıtma amaçlı olarak...

The wireless communication systems are applied in different applications such as computers, mobile phones, satellites and antennas for off-body communication. A lot of efforts were made to have the antennas in a smaller size, flat and with better performance. In the last decade the rigid antennas are replaced with textile in order to be flexible an...

Smart textiles and wearable textile systems are up to now a growing research field, with a view to applications such as monitoring vital signs or environmental parameters through garments. These developments require new materials such as electroconductive textiles. As a result, research into screen printing of conductive silver inks onto textiles h...

During the last decade, a lot of research is done in screen printing with conductive silver-based inks on different woven and nonwoven textile fabrics. This method offers flexible and lightweight conductive textiles with excellent electroconductive properties to be used in smart textiles. Furthermore, those printed textiles can be used in different...

Due to the emergence of smart textiles and wearable textile systems, the need for electrically conductive textiles has become increasingly clear. Often this conductivity is achieved by integrating metal particles, fibres or yarns into textiles or by coating a textile with a metallic layer. In this research, the potential of another method is explor...

Electrically conducting layers have been screen printed on woven textile substrates. Using the Van Der Pauw method for electrical resistivity measurements in thin layers, it was observed that the screen-printed layers showed anisotropic behavior. In order to be able to interpret the measurements correctly, a mathematical analysis of the measuring m...