Ijist Jr

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Verified

Ijist verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

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• Ph.D
• Lecturer at University of the Punjab

This research paper focuses on modifying the grading of multiple-choice questions (MCQs) to better the efficiency and incorrectness of educational tests. Conventional grading systems, such as optical mark recognition (OMR), have fundamental drawbacks, excluding the necessity for precise shading, time-wasting, and the use of special OMR sheets and O...

The increasing demand for sustainable energy and reduced reliance on fossil fuels has driven the exploration of alternative fuel options. This study aims to evaluate the performance of a motorcycle engine using bioethanol-gasoline blends. Simulations were conducted using AVL Boost software. By applying AVL Boost in innovative ways, the research pro...

This CSV file contains highly preprocessed surface EMG data from the Rectus Femoris muscle. The dataset includes 22 extracted features that capture key characteristics of muscle activity, making it well-suited for machine learning, classification, and analysis in biomedical and rehabilitation research. The data is labeled into three activity classe...

Translate Quranic Arabic into Urdu is a Challenge due to linguistics and theological differences. While machine translation has advanced significantly, transformer-based Neural Machine Translation (NMT) models have not yet been utilized for Quranic Arabic to Urdu translation. This study addresses this gap by developing a transformer-based model tha...

The accuracy of real-world facial recognition operations faces challenges because of the difficulties connected to Low-Resolution image quality. Thisindicates that super-resolution methods play a vital role inimproving recognition outcomes. Currently,available SR techniques do not achieve generalization due to their dependence on synthetic LR data...

This paper presents the design of a two-wayModifiedWilkinson power divider(MWPD) feeding networkfor atwo-element Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna (AVA) array, operating in the 3–10 GHz ultra-wideband (UWB) frequency range. The proposedfeeding network is optimized by incorporating bent corners, which help reduce unintended radiation and improve signal dist...

An Arabic-Urdu ontology system dedicated to Quranic concepts represents a necessity for protecting the semantic value and making religious texts more accessible during Quranic study. Ontology-driven annotation tools show their ability to achieve precise translations and thematic searches by establishing their effects on the translation process. Res...

The Quran offers unparalleled guidance on ethics and morality, but extracting relevant teachings from its Urdu translations remains a challenge due to conventional keywordbased search methods that lack contextual understanding. This research proposes a Natural Language Processing (NLP)--based query model designed to improve the retrieval of Quranic...

The rise of credit card fraud is a global concern, demanding reliable detection methods that can overcome challenges with imbalanced datasets and limited exploration of hybrid modeling approaches. This study introduces a hybrid deep learning architecture combining Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) layers alongside SMOTE-T...

Introduction: Mobile Legends Bang Bang (MLBB) falls under the category of a multi-line battle arena game which requires players to have strong skills and strategic gameplay; team composition is an important factor influencing the chances of winning the game. Novelty Statement: Although there is data currently available for MLBB, two aspects of this...

Every week, the pharmaceutical business manufactures thousands of pills, each of which must be thoroughly checked before being distributed to customers. The proposed TabletGuard project addresses this issue through innovative integration of multiple advanced technologies including load cell technology, artificial intelligence, and a servo motor-bas...

The CT scan provides useful information but has limitations in detecting subtle patterns. Machine learning models enhance cancer detection by extracting features, reducing errors, and enabling early-stage diagnosis. Unlike earlier studies that focused on single models, this paper compares three models: CNN, RF, and SVM. A total of 995 CT images wer...

Sentiment analysis, a part of data mining, uses Natural Language Processing (NLP) to understand how people feel about certain topics or individuals. It focuses on the context and polarity of information, measuring public opinions from unstructured sources like social networks and healthcare websites. By extracting useful insights from this unstruct...

The rapid increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) due to industrialization and fossil fuel combustion has raised significant concerns about global warming. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a crucial technology for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study presents the design of a mineral carbonation plant capable of sequestering 3...

Sources of similar or different power ratings are connected in parallel within the DC microgrid. During operation, these sources generate circulating currents along with their normal currents, which disrupt proper current sharing among power electronic converters based on their capacity. Consequently, voltage regulation across the system weakens. A...

As the use of smart devices increases, the energy demand continues to grow, leading to higher consumption of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in portable electronics such as laptops, tablets, smartphones, and electric vehicles. This increased usage has resulted in a rising number of discarded batteries, which contain hazardous chemicals and heavy metal...

In this study, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to model and simulate the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MeO) in a stirred photoreactor, particularly in the presence of a bismuth oxide catalyst. This approach not only provides an effective method for treating wastewater by breaking down harmful dye pollutants but also highl...

A gravitational water vortex power plant is an eco-friendly device that generates electricity from renewable energy sources. In this system, a turbine extracts energy from the vortex created by tangentially channeling water into a circular basin. This article aims to explore the feasibility of implementing vortex power plant technology in coastal c...

BLDC motors have recently made significant advancements in the automation industry. Due to their high efficiency and power density, they are widely used in everyday applications such as fans, electric bikes, rail transit, and automobiles. The slot-pole structure is a key factor influencing motor design. This research explores various slot-pole comb...

The focus of this study is on the intricate relationship between the stress of the teacher, the emotion of the teacher, and the behavior of the workers in secondary school classrooms, stressing the bidirectional relation (between) the emotional well-being of (the teacher) and the engagement of (the worker). Qualitative data from interviews with tea...

The environmental risks associated with ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) pollution have led to a growing focus on prevention. Electrochemical advanced oxidation is an effective and ecofriendly method that only requires electricity and electrolytes to remove NH₄⁺-N from wastewater. This study assesses the effectiveness of electro-oxidative natural mangane...

With technological advancements, innovations like the Internet of Things (IoT) have become widespread, connecting more devices to the Internet. However, as the number of connected devices increases, cyber-attacks—especially Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks—are also becoming more frequent. This research explores these cyber threats, focu...

Urdu ligatures play a crucial role in text representation and processing, especially in Urdu language applications. While extensive research has been conducted on handwritten characters in various languages, there is still a significant gap in studying raster-based generated images of Urdu characters. This paper presents a generative model designed...

Agriculture is an essential sector that is witnessing the integration of advanced technologies to improve productivity and efficiency. Aerial crop monitoring using drones has surfaced as a pivotal technology for precision agriculture, allowing farmers to collect detailed data regarding crop health, soil conditions, and pest infestations. A robotic...

With the advancement of Artificial Intelligence, a new branch of AI has emerged which is known as Generative AI. It has gained a lot of popularity in a very short time because of its human-like computational capabilities. It has the potential to automate hectic work with its efficient processing capabilities. Overall, it can help in solving complex...

Above-knee amputation remains a significant global issue, leaving many people physically disabled due to various natural and man-made causes, such as diseases, wars, and disasters. This article presents a novel, non-invasive active prosthesis based on electromyography (EMG). The proposed method offers a major advancement by achieving higher classif...

A robot designed to identify and remove weeds from crops is known as a weed control robot. Weeds compete with primary crops for moisture, hinder their growth, and may harm both human and animal health, leading to reduced crop yields. Traditionally, herbicides and other chemicals have been used to eliminate weeds, but these methods can damage crops...

Precision livestock management is transforming traditional agricultural practices by boosting productivity, increasing yield, and automating tasks, all while reducing labor requirements and minimizing errors. Conventional methods for animal recognition are often unreliable, which has led to a growing preference for using cameras to identify animals...

Drought stress is one of the abiotic stresses that adversely affect the plant growth parameters and physio-hormonal attributes. In the current work, we study the adverse effects of induced PEG drought stress in Trigonella foenum-graecum L. in the presence of calcium and magnesium concentration. The experiment was conducted in the botanical garden o...

Biometric authentication is becoming more popular due to its secure and reliable way of identifying individuals, offering clear advantages over traditional methods. Since physiological signals are unique and non-invasive, they have been widely researched for use in biometric systems. This study introduces a biometric identification system that comb...

In the realm of intelligent transportation systems, automatic number plate detection has emerged as a crucial research topic due to its wide range of applications, including traffic violation monitoring, support for autonomous vehicles, vehicle speed tracking, automated toll collection, stolen vehicle identification, and overall traffic management....

Energy crises and environmental pollution are the main issues of concern all over the world and the disposal of wastes by converting into gaseous products can reduce this to a level. Investigating how operating temperature affects the yield and makeup of bio-oil, biochar, and bio-gas during the pyrolysis process in the presence of hydrogen is the g...

Fog computing extends cloud computing services closer to users, improving efficiency and reducing latency. Smart contracts play a key role in authentication and resource access management within this framework. As the adoption of smart contracts in fog computing grows, ensuring their security has become a major challenge. This study enhances smart...

The limited access to Quranic knowledge for Urdu speakers is due to inadequate Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools, which hinder precise Quranic understanding and retrieval. This research introduces a Transformer-based Urdu Quranic Question-Answering (QA) system, a novel approach that enhances semantic accuracy and retrieval precision, unlike e...

Global warming and the environmental and health risks linked to animal-based leather products have increased the demand for sustainable alternatives. Vegan leather has gained attention as a promising solution to these issues, encouraging eco-friendly fashion. To reduce its environmental impact, the leather industry is shifting from animal-derived t...

Lung cancer is one of the most perilous diseases worldwide with high incidence and low survival rates due to late diagnosis. Accurate detection and diagnosis of lung nodules is important for early-stage detection. Machine learning and deep learning techniques have greatly improved the precision of lung nodule segmentation and classification in Comp...

The use of deltamethrin is increasing due to its high demand in agriculture. However, it is toxic to both surface and groundwater. Agriculture plays a crucial role in the economy of any major nation. This study aims to enhance pesticide degradation by using specially designed catalysts optimized for visible light exposure. The key innovation lies i...

This research aims to develop a stereo vision-based navigation system for a quadruped robot, enabling it to move autonomously through rough, unfamiliar terrain and detect blockages in sewer pipelines. The robot uses a stereo camera to capture images, which are then processed to create disparity maps and 3D point clouds. These tools help the robot i...

This paper presents an automated process for extracting text from video frames by specifically targeting text-rich regions, identified through advanced scene text detection methods. Unlike traditional techniques that apply OCR to entire frames—resulting in excessive computations and higher error rates—our approach focuses only on textual areas, imp...

The rapid and ongoing depletion of fossil fuel reserves is driving up energy costs and harming the environment due to greenhouse gas emissions, leading to a global energy crisis. This situation highlights the urgent need to produce renewable fuel from biomass. This research focuses on extracting bio-oil from banana tree waste under different operat...

With the increasing demand for electrical energy, there is a need to replace conventional energy resources with renewable energy resources. To properly implement renewable resources at a larger scale, DC/DC converters play a major role. Owing to the variable and unreliable nature of renewable energy resources like PV systems there is a requirement...

This study investigates the authenticity of news with specific training features validating the same with specific machine-learning techniques. The contents of fake news are created to make credible information that would create mass opinions and provide a strong basis to convince the readers or confuse them utterly. The fake information is usually...

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory disease, which poses significant diagnostic challenges because of its multifactorial nature. This study aims to develop a machine-learning approach for predicting asthma diagnosis using key features such as body mass index (BMI), age, lung function parameters (FEV1 and FVC), and demographic information. A d...

The brain, a vital organ in the human body, can suffer severe damage during a Brain Stroke (BS) due to blocked blood vessels. The interruption in blood flow and nutrient supply leads to significant symptoms and is considered a medical emergency. BS often results in long-term neurological impairments, complications, or even death, underscoring its c...

Artificial intelligence in education is capable of offering significant benefits in the form of content generation, personalized learning, assistance in administration, and analytical reports. Despite the benefits, the integration of AI in education faces several challenges hindering its integration. The barriers to AI adoption in education are cri...

The Internet of Things (IoT) is used in several domains like health care, transportation, military, banking, and many more. These applications can lead to the realization of a smart city application. Recently, Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) have been getting attention to implement various IoT applications. However, LPWAN devices are deployed...

This research was about the petrographic and geochemical study of the secondary mineralized Volcanic Massive Sulfide (VMS) deposits of Uthror Volcanics at the Jandrey-Annar study area. Sample examination under the microscope indicates the presence of plagioclase feldspar, sericite, and secondary minerals, such as limonite, hematite, and malachite....

The IoT based advancements in the healthcare networks leveraging the unmatched capabilities of the Internet of Things for various fatal disease prediction and remote health monitoring that proved to be very beneficial in providing timely and accurate healthcare services to patients. Patients who are suffering from chronic diseases like blood pressu...

The excessive use of vehicles for our day-to-day tasks in this revolutionized era has become a necessity, making our lives convenient and technology-dependent. This rise in the use of vehicles has led to a greater number of road accidents that have affected the lives of humans dramatically resulting in an increased fatality rate. According to the W...

Electron Velocity Distributions (EVDs) with a flat top at low energy and/or an enhanced tail at high energies are commonly observed in Earth's magnetosphere and solar wind. Noteworthy is the fact that only generalized (𝑟, 𝑞) distribution with two spectral indices fit such observed flat top distributions, since at low energies neither kappa nor Maxw...

Alzheimer's disease is an advanced neurological illness that primarily affects those over 65. It is characterized by memory loss and cognitive deterioration. Although there isn't a known cure, early intervention can greatly delay the disease's progression, which emphasizes how crucial a prompt and precise diagnosis is. Early-stage identification is...

Robotics is increasingly addressing inefficiencies in diverse applications, including healthcare, mining, and defense. This research focuses on energy optimization for a Two-Wheel Mobile Robot (TWMR) using a novel framework that analyzes componentlevel power consumption and evaluates battery performance. Simulations conducted in Gazebo Classic 11,...

Visually similar images can be easily identified by the human eye; however, expert knowledge is required to accurately interpret medical images, particularly those depicting skin affected by cancer. As skin cancer is becoming more commonplace worldwide, there is a growing need for qualified specialists to help with its diagnosis. Several intricate...

The Holy Quran holds profound significance from both religious and linguistic perspectives yet its Urdu translations face difficulties in preserving the original meaning because of ambiguous words which create interpretation challenges for speakers and listeners. This research tackles translation ambiguity in the Urdu translations of the Holy Quran...

Introduction/Importance of Study: A novel innovative technique known methodical approach is referring as cloud computing (CC), which allows users to store data on remote servers that are accessible through the internet. This method makes it simple to move and retrieve vital and personal data storage. As a result, the demand for it is rising daily....

In the last decades, agile methodologies are commonly employed to build and release valuable software, with high user satisfaction at a comparatively low cost. However, in recent years because of Green Software Engineering, software developers are forced to develop green and sustainable software. Green software development is about developing and u...

As most embedded devices are portable, that is they are operated by batteries, early battery exhaustion is likely to cause the failure of the embedded real-time systems (ERTS). Therefore, developers and users enjoy the services of the ERTS but face green and energy consumption challenges. Studies show that attempting to design green ERTS may lead t...

This research provides a comprehensive evaluation of load-balancing algorithms in cloud computing, classifying them into static, dynamic, and nature-inspired categories. Static algorithms, such as Round Robin and Min-Min, offer simplicity and efficiency in environments with stable workloads but struggle with adaptability to varying demands. Dynamic...

Requirement elicitation plays an important role during the software development life cycle. The selection of an improper requirement elicitation method affect the quality of developed software. Agile methodologies are popular in the industry and follow an incremental approach to developing software. Agile methodologies value customer needs, interac...

Requirements Prioritization is a crucial part of Requirements Engineering which helps to prioritize the customer’s requirements according to his needs and priorities. This prioritization describes which requirements should be addressed first and which can be addressed later in the software development process. Researchers have suggested many method...

Mitigating the risk of appliance damage caused by overvoltage conditions is a critical aspect of ensuring electrical safety and reliability. This study presents a novel "Over Voltage Protection Circuit for Tripping and Switching 220V Appliances Using a Relay Module," designed to address this challenge through an automated disconnection mechanism. T...

Introduction /Importance of Study: The open-source project is a key driver of innovation in the so-called open ecosystem. However, the readability of code is still a major obstacle in having users successfully engaged and contributing. Objective: This study explores how Code Readability Metrics Impact User Experience (UX) in OSS projects. Novelty S...

Speech is a zestful, and intricate activity that enables people to express ideas, emotions, and thoughts. We are able to render our views because of this neural activity. It is a significant process for learning and personal development that every individual deserves to develop, including those with special needs and who are on a journey to learn h...

It is very critical to have the economic development of emerging countries, like Pakistan. Pakistan, while being one of the world’s main suppliers of a wide range of commodities, continues to employ traditional techniques. Pakistani farmers have challenges not just in coping with changing climatic circumstances, but also in meeting increased demand...

The translation of sacred texts, particularly the Quran, requires a deep understanding of both linguistic and contextual nuances to preserve the original message. This research investigates the contextual similarity among Quranic Ayahs by analyzing the Urdu translations of Surah Al-Baqarah and Aal-e-Imran from Maulana Maududi's Urdu Quranic transla...

Accurate real estate price prediction is vital in informed decision-making for investors, policymakers, and stakeholders. This study evaluates various machine learning and deep learning models for predicting real estate prices using the House Prices 2023 dataset which contains 168,000 entries of Pakistani property data. In our proposed methodology...

The rising demand for energy-efficient networks capable of supporting high-speed data traffic poses a critical challenge for network operators. This study addresses this issue by proposing a power control strategy that dynamically adjusts small cell transmit power based on traffic patterns. Power usage is reduced to 40% of the total capacity during...

The ever-growing number of belongings of internet (IoT) devices in civilization creates a reliable, accessible, and safe infrastructure for processing the calculated data. One-point failures result from the prevalent IoT version's use of an imperative cloud server approach. Because Blockchain uses a distributed community, IoT is integrated with Blo...

Automated object delivery robots are increasingly sought for convenience, reliability, efficiency, supporting organizational productivity, elderly assistance, and reducing human error and labor costs in indoor delivery tasks. While various security measures have been implemented for the delivery robot’s safety, the design strategies used in existin...

Intrusion Detection system (IDS) plays a vital role in cyber security. Traditional approaches are not good enough to detect properly the large threats. Machine learning provides a promising solution and good accuracy by providing large data adaptability. This paper introduced an IDS approach using the XDP framework for real-time network traffic ana...

IoT systems mostly depend on messaging protocols to facilitate the exchange of IoT data, with various protocols or frameworks available to support different types of messaging patterns. Choosing a suitable IoT messaging protocol for a specific application is a significant task. It is crucial to select a protocol that meets criteria such as reliabil...

The present-day scenario of electrical power system engineering mainly comprises issues like power paucity, blackout, load shedding, and ineptness in meeting the necessary demand for power. Therefore, new power plants are built and old ones are expanded and upgraded. Although these developments play a key role in today’s scenario, there remains a f...

This paper presents a signal-processing approach aimed at detecting non-metallic targets through walls using an Ultra-Wideband (UWB) antenna configuration. Through-wall imaging holds significant importance in various fields including security, surveillance, and search and rescue operations. The proposed methodology involves the utilization of the U...

The granitic rocks of the Damote Valley (Juglote Group, Kohistan Batholith) were evaluated for their physio-mechanical and petrographic properties to assess their suitability for construction, particularly as dimension stones. Detailed petrography and tests such as Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS), Brazilian Tensile Strength (BTS), Ultrasonic Pu...

The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a significant research field. The main concept of IoT technology is to connect millions of devices and facilitate interaction between these devices and the cloud. Recently this concept has been considered and applied in the design of systems intended for distributing data and information between heterogen...

E-auctions are a widely adopted form of e-commerce, enabling direct bidding over the Internet. Traditionally, intermediaries play a crucial role in facilitating the auction process, leading to increased transaction costs and potential reliability issues. This paper proposes a blockchain-based solution to enhance transparency, reduce costs, and impr...

The rapid advancement of technology has facilitated the interconnection of numerous devices, enabling the collection of vast amounts of data. Consequently, ensuring security within IoT networks has become a top priority. Cryptography is crucial in safeguarding network authentication, confidentiality, data integrity, and access control. In IoT setti...

The rapid advancement of technology has facilitated the interconnection of numerous devices, enabling the collection of vast amounts of data. Consequently, ensuring security within IoT networks has become a top priority. Cryptography is crucial in safeguarding network authentication, confidentiality, data integrity, and access control. In IoT setti...

Three-phase induction motors experience high inrush currents during start-up, exceeding their rated capacity and potentially damaging stator windings. This paper explores the implementation of soft ramp control to address this challenge. Soft starters progressively increase the voltage applied to the motor, mitigating the current surge and associat...

attention in the industrial and domestic zones. The existing systems to use the services of solar cells are conventional. These systems require parameters (irradiance and temperature) for desirable results that are unknown to the end user. These parameters change with regions and human to human. Therefore, an Artificially Intelligent, Control and P...

In recent years, social media users have become increasingly concerned about sharing content that may be unpleasant or harmful. The widespread use of platforms like Facebook and Twitter has contributed significantly to this growing awareness. The primary objective of our approach is to accelerate and automate the detection of offensive content post...

This research explores the history and operationalization of cutting-edge AI technologies, developed for the Unity 3D video engine, in particular how Artificial Intelligence (AI), animation, and FSMs have been used in video games. AI looks at the various elements incorporated in the game design as a means of augmenting the player experience with a...

Rapid improvements in ML and DL techniques have made it possible to detect and recognize objects from images. Computational approaches using ML and DL have been recently applied to agriculture or farming applications and are proving successful in increasing per-yield production. Automatic identification of plant diseases can help farmers manage the...

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLM), such as ChatGPT, Gemini, and Claude has ushered in a new era of natural language processing, enabling rich textual interactions with computers. However, despite the capabilities of these new language models, they face significant challenges when queried on recent information or private data not included...

This study explores the advanced abilities of Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods to revolutionize mental health treatment by understanding how such interventions improve therapeutic outcomes. In doing so, the work of this study is demonstrated as an innovative approach to translating conversational data into actionable insights that bridge a...

Depression being a common and dangerous mental health condition could have a significant impact on a person's quality of life. It may result in depressive and gloomy feelings along with a loss of interest in once-enjoyable activities. Depression is considered a leading global cause of impairment that affects people at various stages of age, ethnici...

This Systematic Literature Review (SLR) examines the growing field of leveraging Machine Learning (ML) to improve livestock productivity. Through a meticulous analysis of peer-reviewed articles, the study categorizes research into key domains such as disease detection, feed optimization, and reproductive management. Various ML algorithms, including...

Stroke often arises from an abrupt blockage in the blood vessels supplying the brain and heart. Detecting early warning signs of stroke can significantly reduce its impact. In this study, we propose an early prediction method for stroke using various Machine Learning (ML) techniques, considering factors such as hypertension, body mass index, heart...

New technologies are enabling the development of consolidated, portable holographic displays that can be utilized in a variety of settings, making holographic content more accessible and shareable. Holographic displays represent objects in three dimensions, providing a more pragmatic and immersive viewing experience. This is particularly important...

Programming is one of the foundational skills essential for computer science professionals, yet attaining proficiency in this skill is widely acknowledged as a formidable challenge. The intrinsic complexity of programming is often cited as the primary factor contributing to its difficulty. The choice of programming language for IP courses typically...

This study examines the impact of austempering time on the mechanical properties of 0.8C experimental steel with inverse bainitic microstructures. Samples were austenitized at 900 °C and austempered at 420 °C for 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. The effects on hardness, impact toughness, and (UTS) were analyzed. Microstructural evaluations by optical m...

This study utilizes a comprehensive dataset that encompasses variables reflecting temperature, humidity, precipitation, inventory levels, transportation modes, freshness scores, and ripeness scores. Compiled from various mango farms across different markets, this dataset provides a robust foundation for our analysis. To develop predictive models, w...

Software Reliability Growth Models (SRGMs) are statistical interpolations of software failures by mathematical modeling. Up till now, more than 200 SRGMs have been proposed to estimate failure occurrence. Research continues to develop more accurate, efficient, and robust models. To overcome the shortcomings of SRGMs and adapt to the current softwar...

This study investigates the application of deep learning models, namely CNN, RNNs, and MLP, for the early prediction of CKD. Early detection of CKD is critical for initiating timely treatment, as the disease can advance with few symptoms. The research leverages a preprocessed Kaggle dataset, divided for training and testing, to assess model perform...

Facial expression analysis is a fascinating yet challenging problem in the realm of artificial intelligence. The vast variability in human expressions poses a significant hurdle for machine learning methods to detect them accurately. Recently, machine learning and deep learning approaches have made notable strides in this area, leveraging Deep Neur...

DIabetic retinopathy is a prevalent disease which is a medical condition frequently caused due to high sugar levels in the blood. It deteriorates the optic nerve as it compresses and blurs the vision, which is used to detect white light and transmit signals to your cerebrum using a nerve. There has been a massive increase in the statistics having d...

Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are becoming the core domain of Artificial Intelligence. Generally, Machine learning and specifically, deep learning gained popularity in problem-solving by virtue of Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), and transfer learning approach. Transfer learning is becoming a powerful and succes...

The advancement in telecommunication demands antennas having wide bandwidth, compact size, and high performance. On the other hand, the microstrip antenna has a narrow bandwidth and low radiation efficiency. Recently, a number of researches were made to improve the bandwidth of microstrip antenna. The proposed antenna is based on to studied paramet...