Ijaz Haider Naqvi

Lahore University of Management Sciences | LUMS · Department of Electrical Engineering

Metallic materials such as brass, copper, and aluminum are used in numerous applications, including industrial manufacturing. The vibration characteristics of these objects are unique and can be used to identify these objects from a distance. This research presents a methodology for detecting and classifying these metallic objects using the vibrati...

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, also known as drones, are being utilized increasingly in numerous fields due to their multiple applications. To ensure safe operations, these drones must be detected successfully in free space and raining scenarios. However, the current radars that identify larger targets, such as aeroplanes, may not be helpful as these dr...

Future connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) must be secured against cyberattacks for their everyday functions on the road so that safety of passengers and vehicles can be ensured. This article presents a holistic review of cybersecurity attacks on sensors and threats regarding multi‐modal sensor fusion. A comprehensive review of cyberattacks on...

Electric vehicle (EV) battery swapping stations (BSWS) are an important aid in rapid transport electrification, especially in developing countries where per capita income is low and expensive battery prices discourage EV penetration. Consequently, a BSWS model, where the BSWS owns the battery, can help in EV penetration and rapid transport electrif...

This paper presents an experimental characterization of the proposed radio link model for an underground mine sensor network. Power efficiency and range are critical factors to consider when designing a wireless sensor network, particularly for low data rate applications where the goal is to have a long-lasting, low-maintenance network. A ‘deploy a...

Hybrid (analog-digital) beamforming has received tremendous attention for realizing multiuser multiple-input-multiple-output systems at millimeter wave frequencies. However, almost all of the hybrid beamforming literature characterizes the spectral and energy efficiency performance for randomly located user terminals. In stark contrast, this articl...

The ability of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) to produce complex radiation patterns in the far-field is determined by various factors, such as the unit-cell's size, shape, spatial arrangement, tuning mechanism, the communication and control circuitry's complexity, and the illuminating source's type (point/planewave). Research on RIS has...

Li-ion batteries degrade with time and usage, caused by factors like the growth of solid electrolyte interface (SEI), lithium plating, and several other irreversible electrochemical reactions. These failure mechanisms exacerbate degradation and reduce the remaining useful life (RUL). This paper highlights the importance of feature engineering and h...

The ability of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) to produce complex radiation patterns in the far-field is determined by various factors, such as the unit cell’s design, spatial arrangement, tuning mechanism, the communication and control circuitry’s complexity, and the illuminating source’s type (point/planewave). Research on RIS has been...

In this letter, we present a novel scheme that compresses the transmit bandwidth of frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar signal by making use of Barker codes and frequency shifts. The proposed system achieves bandwidth compression where the frequency of the signal is modulated over time using one of the Barker code sequences. Therefore,...

The automotive industry is transitioning towards intelligent, connected, and autonomous vehicles to avoid traffic congestion, conflicts, and collisions with increased driver safety. Connected and autonomous vehicles (CAV) must be aware of their surroundings and act as per their environment. Communication infrastructure can be vital in transmitting...

This study investigates crosstalk and leakage in the Software Defined Radio implementation of Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar systems. Empirical measurements of leakage power were conducted during the implementation of FMCW radar using National Instruments Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) boards. Mono-static and bi-static...

Insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) is widely used in power equipment, it generally works in complex circuit profiles and it is very difficult to measure or predict the thermal parameters of the module in real-time and evaluate the corresponding health status in the transient process. This paper develops a novel approach for solder-layer condi...

Before lithium-ion batteries are purchased in volume, they are typically tested (qualified) to determine if they meet the life-cycle reliability requirements for the targeted applications. To ensure that subsequent production lots of batteries continue to meet the reliability requirements, ongoing reliability testing is often conducted on productio...

While the constant current charge time (CCCT) and constant voltage charge time (CVCT) are increasingly used for the state of health (SOH) estimation of Li-ion batteries, their correlations with battery degradation are not investigated comprehensively. This paper develops an analytical model to quantify the chargeable capacity of a Li-ion battery un...

Insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) are one of the most vulnerable components that account for a significant fraction of inverter and converter failures. This paper conducts a degradation analysis of IGBTs using run-to-failure measurements. Online assessment of the degradation state of IGBTs can prolong normal operation and enable proactive...

Localization of mobile nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is an active area of research. In this paper, we present a novel RSSI based localization algorithm for 802.15.4 (ZigBee) based WSNs. We propose and implement a novel range based localization algorithm to minimize cross technology interference operating in the same band. The goal is to...

Device-to-device (D2D) communication has emerged as a promising concept to improve resource utilization in fifth generation cellular networks. D2D network’s architectural capability to offload traffic from the backhaul network to direct links enables it to be used for internet of things (IoT) services. In a densely deployed setting of IoT devices,...

Energy utilization is a key attribute for energy constrained wireless sensor networks (WSN) that directly impacts the life time of the network. LEACH (and its variants) are considered to be the most common energy efficient routing protocols for WSN. In this paper, we propose an optimized modification of LEACH that makes use of multi-hop communicati...

In this Letter, the authors investigate the relationship between a number of parallel transmit symbols and the spectral efficiency of a millimetre wave (downlink) massive MIMO system with multiple antenna array sizes and a hybrid beamforming strategy. The proposed approach determines the optimal number of parallel data symbols that maximises both s...

In this letter, we propose a novel network health estimation technique for wireless cellular networks. The proposed scheme makes use of graph signal processing techniques to estimate network health over the entire coverage area with sparse availability of measured data. To achieve this objective, we solve an optimization problem on graph using prox...

This letter presents a novel technique for optimizing the performance of a phased-MIMO radar in presence of strong jamming effects. The proposed technique not only overcomes the noise jamming but also counters the effects of deception jamming. Two orthogonal waveforms beam-formed by coherent operation of two sub-arrays are used to leverage the adva...

An enormous amount of research has been conducted in the area of positioning systems and thus it calls for a detailed literature review of recent localization systems. This article focuses on recent developments of non-Global Positioning System (GPS) localization/positioning systems. We have presented a new hierarchical method to classify various p...

Every year, mining industry sees huge losses in terms of human lives and valuable infrastructure due to accidents and disasters. Besides other measures, effective monitoring and control can greatly reduce the risks of such incidents. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are increasingly being used for such applications. This paper proposes a WSN-based s...

Pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) schemes typically rely on inertial measurement unit (IMU) of smart-phones to estimate position of the user. However, the performance of IMU based schemes depends on the placement of the IMU on the user and is affected by error accumulation over time. In this paper, we propose and implement PILoT, a Precise IMU based...

This paper introduces EveTrack, an online and distributed method for localization and tracking of global and composite events. Based on hyper-ellipsoid clustering model, we compute the percentage contributions of the individual attributes in multi-attribute and correlated events. In addition, EveTrack utilizes spatio-temporal correlations between m...

Purpose – The study aims at providing a reliable system of real-time monitoring for underground mine and tunnels which detects any structural change in the network and reconfigures it for resuming the data delivery process. In high stress environments, e.g. underground mines and tunnels, real-time activity monitoring is an emerging issue. Wireless...

The inability of GPS (Global Positioning System) to provide accurate position in an indoor environment has resulted in global efforts for a precise indoor position system throughout the last decade. The current state of the art of localization and tracking estimates the position of the mobile node based on attributes like received signal strength (...

The performance of time-reversal ultra-wideband systems under imperfect channel side information at the transmitter (CSIT) is investigated. Considering CSIT imperfections caused by estimation errors as well as the channel's time-varying nature, a bound is derived on the amount of channel decorrelation that the system can withstand while still achie...

We propose a robust design for digital feedback of the channel impulse response in a time-reversal ultrawideband communication system. The proposed scheme employs channel optimized vector quantization to reduce distortion that occurs due to channel noise on the feedback link. Utilizing experimental channel measurements in a typical indoor environme...

Bistatic configuration of radars has become a topic of great interest for Electronic counter-countermeasures designers. The paper emphasized the need for bringing about a trend of employing bistatic radars in place of traditional monostatic radars which are no more useful under the hostile environment that is created by the electronic counter measu...

In the context of anomaly detection in cyber physical systems (CPS), spatiotemporal correlations are crucial for high detection rate. This work presents a new quarter sphere support vector machine (QS-SVM) formulation based on the novel concept of attribute correlations. Our event detection approach, SensGru, groups multiple sensors on a single nod...

Reduction of radar cross section (RCS) is one of the most desirable features for fighter airplanes. As the reduction in RCS reduces the detectability of the object, therefore its reduction is of great importance for military and defense applications. RCS depends on a number of parameters including shape, orientation, operating frequency, aspect ang...

Power systems frequently experience variations in their operation, which are mostly manifested as transmission line faults. Over the past decade, various techniques of fault diagnosis have been developed to ensure reliable and stable operation of power systems. This paper reviews the current literature on advanced application of fault diagnosis in...

With the discovery of Graphene, different nano-scale components can be integrated to form a nano-sensor capable of transmitting in the tera-hertz range (0.1-10 THz). The transmitted signal gets attenuated when it passes through different types of molecules. Thus, channel models for wireless nano sensor networks (WNSN) are environment specific. For...

Machine learning, like its various applications, has received a great interest in outlier detection in Wireless Sensor Networks. Support Vector Machines (SVM) are a special type of Machine learning techniques which are computationally inexpensive and provide a sparse solution. This work presents a detailed analysis of various formulations of one-cl...

Distributed clustering based techniques have been increasingly employed for outlier detection in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). But despite its numerous advantages such as online and efficient computations and incorporation of spatiotemporal & attribute correlations, clustering has not been studied for event detection & identification, which is e...

Bi-static radars have started to regain some recent attention over the past decade because of its abilities to counter deception jamming. This paper aims at utilizing the merits of bi-static radars that is used in combination with a mono-static radar. The proposed scheme counters the effects of range gate pull off (RGPO) and velocity gate pull off...

Smart Grids have recently attracted the attention of many profound research groups with their ability to create an automated and distributed energy level delivery. Computational Intelligence (CI) has been incorporated into various aspects of the smart grids, including fault detection and classification, which is a key issue in all the power systems...

The classification based schemes, especially One class Support Vector Machines (SVM) have received a great interest in Machine learning community based on their Outlier & Event Detection applications in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The quarter-sphere (QS) formulation of One-Class SVM, known as Spatio-temporal-attribute (STA-QS-SVM) has a high e...

The robustness of the time reversal (TR) scheme in a non stationary channel environment has been previously studied for ultra-wide band (UWB) channels. However, its robustness with different bandwidth specially for bandwidths significantly lower than ultra-wide bandwidths has not been established. In this paper, the performance of a TR communicatio...

Support-Vector Machines (SVM) have received a great interest in the machine learning community since their introduction, especially in Outlier Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). The Quarter-Sphere formulation of One-Class SVM (QS-SVM), extends the main SVM ideas from supervised to unsupervised learning algorithms. The QS-SVM formulation i...

Antenna efficiency is a critical parameter if one wishes to characterize the performance of an antenna. It is a measure of the radiation quality of an antenna and helps to quantify the transmission quality therefore it is useful to possess the means to verify this quantity. Classical approaches to measure the antenna efficiency, whether in anechoic...

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have received considerable attention for multiple types of applications. In particular, outlier detection in WSNs has been an area of vast interest. Outlier detection becomes even more important for the applications involving harsh environments, however, it has not received extensive treatment in the literature. The...

Support vector machines (SVM) have formulated the main concepts of machine learning, ever since their intro- duction. The one-class quarter sphere SVM has received recent interest, as it extends the concepts of machine learning to the domain of linear optimization problems with cost efficiency. This paper deals with the novel idea of a quarter-sphe...

Time reversal (TR) is regarded as a potential future transmission scheme for ultra-wideband (UWB) communication systems. However, the need for a perfect channel estimation is regarded as one of the main drawbacks of a TR system. It is assumed that in the case of a time-varying channel or imperfect channel estimation, the performance of the TR schem...

In this chapter, we present results of Time Reversal (TR) validation with multiple antenna configurations using time domain instruments followed by the parametric analysis of the TR scheme. Different TR properties such as normalized peak power (NPP), focusing gain (FG), signal to side-lobe ratio (SSR), increased average power (IAP) and RMS delay sp...

A new modulation scheme is proposed for a time reversal (TR) ultra wide-band (UWB) communication system. The new modulation scheme uses the binary pulse amplitude modulation (BPAM) and adds a new level of modulation to increase the data rate of a TR UWB communication system. Multiple data bits can be transmitted simultaneously with a cost of little...

An experimental validation of high data rate communication for a time reversal (TR) ultra wide-band (UWB) communication system is performed using binary pulse amplitude modulation (BPAM) in two different dense multipath propagation channels for different data rates (15.62 Mbps < Rb < 1 Gbps). From the measured received signals, signal, interference...

Time reversal (TR) measurements are conducted for ultra-wideband (UWB) signals in a reverberation chamber (RC) for different multi-antenna configurations: SISO, SIMO (1 X 2), MISO (2 X 1) and MIMO (2 X 2). A comparison is made among the four configurations. Channel measurement is done using an Arbitrary Waveform Generator (AWG) at the transmitter a...

Time reversal (TR) is gaining more and more attention due to its potential to simplify the receiver for an ultra-wideband communication system. The temporal and spatial focusing properties of a TR communication system allow the detection of the received signal with simple receivers. However, the transmitter system becomes complicated as perfect cha...

In ultra wideband (UWB) systems, extremely narrow RF pulses are employed to communicate between transmitters and receivers. Because of their extremely wide bandwidth, UWB signals result in large number of resolvable multi-paths and thus reducing the interference caused by the superposition of these multi-paths. However, it also results in a complex...

In this paper, ultra-wideband (UWB), time reversal (TR) communication is investigated by modifying the transmission prefilter. Mathematical expressions for received signal and the interference in the modified transmission scheme are derived. It is shown that the modified transmission approach reduces multi-user interference which eventually transla...

High data rate communication for a Time Reversal UWB communication system is experimentally studied using binary pulse amplitude modulation in dense multipath propagation channels. Experiments are done for inter symbol intervals ranging from 64ns to 1ns. Signal, Interference and Noise components are separated from the received signal and their bit...

Using time domain measurements, we assess the feasibility of time-reversal technique in ultra-wideband (UWB) communication. A typical indoor propagation channel is selected for the exploration. The channel response between receive and transmit antenna pairs is measured using time domain equipments which include an arbitrary wave generator (AWG) and...

UWB communication is a recent research area for indoor propagation channels. Time Reversal (TR) communication in UWB has shown promising results for improving the system performance. In multiuser environment, the system performance is significantly degraded due to the interference among different users. TR reduces the interference caused by multius...

Existing transport protocols, be it TCP, SCTP or DCCP, do not provide an efficient congestion control mechanism for heterogeneous wired-cum-wireless networks. Solutions involving implicit loss discrimination schemes have been proposed but were never implemented. Appropriate mechanisms can dramatically improve bandwidth usage over the Internet, espe...