Igor PavlinovMoscow State University · Zoological Museum
Igor Pavlinov
DrS
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Introduction
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August 1968 - present
Moscow State University
Position
- Moscow Lomonosov State University
Publications
Publications (118)
The general notion of species is one of the most fundamental in biology. But an idea of species is also one of the most persistent unresolved obsessions of biologists, philosophers and theoreticians. This new book investigates the multifaceted problem species as a "conceptual envelope" of that notion. Contemporary conceptualists and evolutionary ep...
Variation and covariation of the molar crown elements of prismatic dentition in the genus Ondatra (Mammalia: Rodentia: Arvicolinae) was studied numerically by means of geometric morphometric and cluster analyses. 31 elements were identified in total, their shapes were described by semilandmarks, their covariation patterns were analyzed by cluster a...
The species problem is under-stood as a result of the contradiction between aspiration and inability to reduce diversity of species conceptions (SCs) to a single one. Any SC represents the natural species phenomenon in a certain cognitive situation and serves as a heuristic model of this phenomenon in the latter. SCs of various levels of generality...
A pilot study of E. lenensis was carried out based on a small sample using a) standard mor-phometrics of the axial skull, mandible, the upper and lower cheek teeth; b) geometric morphometrics of the enamel crown patterns of the 1st upper and lower molars; c) molecular phylogenetic analysis with the complete mitochondrial genome sequencing. A certai...
Biological diversity (BD) explored by biological systematics is a complex yet organized natural phenomenon and can be partitioned into several aspects, defined naturally with reference to various causal factors structuring biota. These BD aspects are studied by particular research programs based on specific taxonomic theories (TTs). They provide, i...
Biological diversity (BD) explored by the biological systematics is a complexly organized natural phenomenon and can be partitioned in several aspects defined with references to various causal factors structuring biota. These BD aspects are studied by particular research programs based on specific taxonomic theories (TT). They provide in total a fr...
Укороченное и упрощенное изложение ранее изданной книги "Номенклатура в систематике: история, теория, практика"
Книга представляет собой обзор таксономической номенклатуры, рассматриваемой в теоретико-историческом ключе как важный раздел профессионального языка биологической систематики. Кратко представлены основные понятия, этапы и направления ис...
Краткое (246 стр.) и потому более доступное для чтения и понимания изложение моей книги "Основания биологической систематики: история и теория" (2018).
И.Я. Павлинов. Звери России: Справочник-определитель. Ч. 1, 2. Москва: Т-во науч. изд. КМК. 2019. 702 с. 496 илл. Библ. 47.
Книга содержит полную научную классификацию млекопитающих фауны России, включая 9 отрядов, 46 семейств, около 150 родов, около 400 таксонов видовой группы (надвиды, виды и алловиды). Даны ключи для определения систематической...
This is an authorized English translation of several (of more general meaning)
parts of the book to appear by the fall of 2018. In this book, foundations of biological systematics are considered in full in its historical, theoretical, and partly philosophical aspects. The general context of the consideration is shaped by the nonclassical philosophy...
Краткий очерк жизненного пути Ольги Леонидовны Россолимо (1928-2015), многие годы прослужившей директором Зоологического музея МГУ.
Taxonomy is a scientific discipline that has provided the universal naming and classification system of biodiversity for centuries and continues effectively to accommodate new knowledge. A recent publication by Garnett and Christidis [1] expressed concerns regarding the difficulty that taxonomic changes represent for conservation efforts and propos...
Охарактеризована общая структура концептуального пространства, в котором фигурирует проблема вида в биологии. Проанализированы исторические изменения содержания этой проблемы. Для её современного состояния характерен видовой плюрализм, подразумевающий равноправие видовых концепций, которые соответствуют разным аспектам видовой единицы в её общем по...
General structure of the conceptual space is described, in which the species problem in biology has been developing. Historical changes in the content of this problem are analyzed. Its current state is characterized by species pluralism, implying equality of various species concepts corresponding to particular aspects of the species unit in its gen...
The focuse of biology, as a science, on the study and explanation of the similarities and differences between organisms led in the second half of the 20th century to the recognition of a specific subject area of biological research, viz. biodiversity (BD).
One of the most important general scientific prerequisites for this shift was understanding t...
В статье на основании анализа опубликованных и архивных данных представ-
лена обновлённая краткая версия истории Зоологического музея МГУ им. М.В.
Ломоносова от основания Московского университета (1755 г.) до начала 1990-х
гг. Выделены пять основных периодов развития Зоомузея, внесены уточнения
в некоторые даты, события, официальные названия, персо...
The attached text is an English translation of those several sections of the original paper in Russian, where collection-related issues are considered.
The author emphasizes the need to develop theoretical foundations of the taxonomic nomenclature (TN) as an important part of the professional language of the biological systematics. In this regard, some general concepts and notions of the TN are considered. It is stressed that the TN regulates fixing of not only the taxonomic designation of the obj...
Pavlinov I.Ya. 2015. Taxonomic nomenclature. Book 3. Contemporary Codes. - Zoologicheskie Issle- dovania. No. 17. 57 p. Bibl. 98. In Russian
Main trends in the development of the taxonomic nomenclature in the 20th century are characterized. All current nomenclatorial Codes, both operating and projected, are briefly summarized and partly commented, namely: botanical, zoological, bacteriological, virusological, BioCode, PhyloCode, and that of cultivated plants. Comparative analysis of the...
The book contains a comprehensive overview of the history, theory and partly practice of the taxonomic nomenclature regarded as an important part of the professional language of the biological systematics. It begins with a brief summary of the main stages and trends in the historical development of key ideas and schools in the systematics. Based on...
In view of contradictions in the recent literature, the valid genus-group name to be applied to northern red-backed voles-Myodes Pallas, 1811, or Clethrionomys Tilesius, 1850-is reviewed. To develop the thesis that Myodes (type species, Mus rutilus Pallas, 1779) is the correct name, our discussion explores the 19th-century taxonomic works that bear...
Pavlinov I.Ya. 2014. Taxonomic nomenclature. Book 2. From Linnaeus to first Codes. — Zoologicheskie Issledovania, 15, 223 p. Bibl. 772
Considered is historical development of taxonomic nomenclature from the “Linnaean reform” to first Codes (mostly in the 19th century). Taxonomic concepts dominated during that time are briefly characterized. An ori...
Considered is historical development of taxonomic nomenclature from the “Linnaean reform” to first Codes (mostly in the 19th century). Taxonomic concepts dominated during that time are briefly characterized. An original general scheme of organization of basic principles of taxonomic nomenclature is presented. All nomenclatorial codes in the systema...
Recent advances in multivariate statistics, and in ancient DNA techniques, have greatly increased understanding of tiger phylogeography. However, regardless of advances in analytical methodology, researchers will continue to need access to specimens for morphological measurements and sampling for genetic analysis. The tiger has become increasingly...
Ontogenetic systematics is based on the general idea that the arrangement of taxa within a classification should reflect diversity of developmental (ontogenetic) patterns peculiar to organisms allocated to these taxa. It was declared first by G. Orton in 1950s and, as understood here, includes such taxonomic approaches as G. Nelson-N. Platnick's pa...
A review of historical developmentt of taxonomic nomenclature, considered as an essential part of professional language of biological systematics, from folc-taxonomy throuhg Antic, Moddle Age and Reneisance ("Herbal Epoch") to early (scholastic) systematics and to the "Linnaean Rfeform". In Russian.
A possible method for constructing a general taxonomic theory for biological systematics consid�
ered in the context of nonclassical scientific paradigm is described. The need for such a theory is substanti�
ated, and several key points in its construction are emphasized, including the interpretation of this theory as
a framework concept for partia...
Ontogenetic systematics is based on the general idea that the arrangement of taxa within a classification should reflect diversity of developmental (ontogenetic) patterns peculiar to organisms allocated to these taxa. As understood here, it includes such taxonomic approaches as Nelson-Platnick's pattern cladistics and Ho's version of rational taxon...
A review of the contemporary theoretical concepts of homology addresses the following issues: the ontological status of homology (nominalistic, realistic, and conceptualistic interpretations); the absolute or relative nature of homology statements; distinguishing between the general categories of taxic and transformational homologies and the method...
Problems related to the development of concepts of rational taxonomy and rational classifications (taxonomic systems) in biology
are discussed. A rational taxonomy is based on the assumption that the key characteristic of rationality is the deductive
inference of certain partial judgments about the reality under study from other judgments taken as...
The history of development of principal theoretical concepts of biological systematics are considered
from Antiquity till present time. The following periods are characterized: folk taxonomy, scholasticism,
herbal epoch, scientific "classical" systematics (XVIII to middle of XX centuries), "nonclassical"
systematics (second half of XX century). Pre...
The problems are discussed related to development of concepts of rational taxonomy and rational classifications (taxonomic systems) in biology. Rational taxonomy is based on the assumption that the key characteristic of rationality is deductive inference of certain partial judgments about reality under study from other judgments taken as more gener...
Contents of biomorphics (ecomorphological systematics), which is suggested to consider as one of the parts of biological systematics, is characterized briefly. Basic principles of elaborating of classification of biomorphs (life forms) are exposed, and their relations to those being elaborated by other parts of systematics (phylogenetics, typology,...
The modern species problem in biology is defined as a contradiction between the need for general notion of the species having a unified contents in various branches of biology, and impossibility to reach it. Any species concept becomes biologically valid under conditions of a biologically sound basic theory, which defines what is the species in a g...
The structure of morphological disparity of 14 skull measurements is considered in three carnivorous animals (Alopex lagopus, Vulpes vulpes, and Martes martes). It is defined as interrelations between different forms of variation. The forms considered include differences between species, geographic, age, and sex variation as well. Each form is char...
Under consideration is a numerical approach to analysis of morphospace volume and occupation based on calculation of Euclidian distances among specimens. The approach, unlike the one of M. Foot (1996), presumes consideration of inter-group distances as one of the morphospace subspaces and definition of the entire morphospace as a totality of both w...
Any morphospace is partitioned by the forms of group variation, its structure is described by a set of scalar (range, overlap) and vector (direction) characteristics. They are analyzed quantitatively for the sex and age variations in the sample of 200 skulls of the pine marten described by 14 measurable traits. Standard dispersion and variance comp...
Interrelations between some forms of group variation (FGVs) (age, sex, geographic, inter-species, differences among breeds) of 12 to 15 measurable skull traits are studied in 6 mammal species (pine marten, polar fox, Przewalskii horse, and 3 jird species) by means of dispersion analysis (model III, MANOVA). The above FGVs are considered as factors...
The structure and variation of cheek teeth in the polar fox, Alopex lagopex, was analyzed on the basis of a sampling of 234 skulls, including two land and one island populations and using chi-square and Lilljefors criterion, and the variance analysis. The correlation matrices were compared by the Mantel test, and the entire set of correlation coeff...
Under consideration are modern concepts of phylogeny and taxonomy of a rodent subfamily Gerbillinae (gerbils
and jirds). Principal pathways of morphological evolution of the masticatory apparatus (mainly cheek teeth) and the
ossean middle ear (mainly mastoid part of the auditory bulla) in Gerbillinae are characterized. Fossil genera referred
to Ger...
The differences in the check tooth row shape among 5 samples of the Eurasian polar fox, Alopex lagopus, were studied using geometric morphometry. The variation of the tooth row is not conspicuous, most differences being associated with the position of the 3 rd and 4 th premolars. The correlation between different parts of the tooth row is not high....
Any research activity is conducted within the framework of a cognitive situation which is defined by certain basic assumptions about ontology of the portion of the objective world under investigation. From the standpoint of the non-classical scientific epistemology, a part of that situation is constituted by personal knowledge which is formed by a...
Rise of non-classical science during XX century had certain influence upon development of biological taxonomy. Scientific pluralism (especially normative naturalism of Laudan), contrary to positivist and early post-positivist treatments, made taxonomy acknowledged scientific discipline of its own right. The present state of some schools of taxonomy...
A nomenclature of three names for generic groups is briefly considered: Myodes Pallas 1811, Clethrionomys Tilesius 1850, and Evotomys Coues 1874. These names are objective synonyms based on the same type species, Mus rutilus Pallas. The first name should be used as a valid name for the genus in accordance to the priority principle.
Under brief consideration is the uses of presumptions, as a kind of a priori judgments, in phylogenetics in light of their critics by Pesenko (2005). It is shown that the concept of presumption is fully compatible with the hypothetic-deductive argumentation scheme allowing to realize the parsimony principle in its epistemic interpretation. System o...
The application of geometric morphometrics for analyzing the shape of the anterior part of the upper toothrow (including incisive, antemolars and 1 st molariform) in eight shrew species of the genus Sorex is briefly considered. Twelve landmarks were used for the description of the toothrow. Thin-plate spline method and the procrustes analysis were...
Evolutionary idea is the core of the modern biology. Due to this, phylogenetics dealing with historical reconstructions in biology takes a priority position among biological disciplines. The second half of the 20th century witnessed growth of a great interest to phylogenetic reconstructions at macrotaxonomic level which replaced microevolutionary s...
Under brief consideration is the problem of primary or secondary status of the judgments about taxa relative to the judgments about characters in the biological classifications. The following formal definition of taxonomic system (classification) TS is provided: TS = BT[T, C(t), R(t), R(c), R(tc)], where BT is a biological theory constituting conte...
Under brief consideration is the problem of primary or secondary status of the judgments about taxa relative to the judgments about characters in the biological classifications. The following formal definition of taxonomic system (classification) TS is provided: TS = BT[T, C(t), R(t), R(c), R(tc)], where BT is a biological theory constituting conte...
Under brief consideration is geometric morphometric analysis of the shape of anterior part of the upper toothrow including incisive, antemolars and 1st molariform in several species of the shrew genus Sorex (Mammalia: Soricidae). 12 landmarks were used to describe configuration of the toothrow, and thin-plate spline and Procrustes analyses were app...
It is asserted that the postmodern concept of science, unlike the classical ideal, presumes necessary existence of various classification approaches (schools) in taxonomy, each corresponding to a particular aspect of consideration of the "taxic reality". They are set up by diversity of initial epistemological and ontological backgrounds which fix i...
15.1 Abstract Under brief consideration is geometric morphometric analysis of the shape of an-terior part of the upper toothrow including incisive, antemolars and 1st molariform in several species of the shrew genus Sorex (Mammalia: Soricidae). 12 landmarks were used to describe configuration of the toothrow, and thin-plate spline and Pro-crustes a...
This essay deals with the biological and philosophical rodts of the modern approach to phylogenetic reconstructions which might be called the "New Phylogenetics". Its emergence was first stimulated by new premises in ontology and epistemology that made "population thinking" inadequate and led to the rebirth of "phylogenetic thinking". The new phylo...
Cladistic analysis of relations among 10 Graphiurus species based on 30 skull traits allowed to recognize three clades. Accordingly, Aethoglis (includes nagtglasi), Claviglis (includes crassicaudatus) are to be treated as subgenera. Monophyly Graphiurus s.str. (supposedly includes all remainder species) is formally proved by our analyses but reques...
The basic concepts, notions and methods of geometric morphometrics (GM) are considered. This approach implies multivariate analysis of landmark coordinates located following certain rules on the surface of a morphological object. The aim of GM is to reveal differences between morphological objects by their shapes as such, the "size factor" being ex...
There is, or there should be, an interaction between concepts of taxonomy and biodiversity. On the one hand, taxonomy develops some general and particular classificatory paradigms, which own diversity is to be taken into account to understand the nature of variety of natural kinds. On the other hand, analysis of the properties of biodiversity may p...
The dook provides a review of phylogeny, taxonomy (including synonymy), morphology, geography and natural history of the world-wide representatives of the dormice family Myoxidae. Paleontological information on the family is summed up. Detailed descriptions of external characters, of the skull and dental morphology, male external genitals, and kary...
Presented is a brief overview of basic principles and notions of geometric morphometrics, a new approach to quantitative analysis of shape variations. This approach is applied to analysis of variation of the skull shape in the sample of 18 muroid genera belonging to the families Cricetidae, Arvicolidae and Gerbillidae. The skull shape is described...
The genera Niviventer (3 species), Maxomys (2 species), Berylmys (1 species), Leopoldamys (1 species) and Rattus (2 species) were compared according to 18 protein loci. The differences between the species N. langbianis, N. tenaster, N. fulvescens were considered in terms of 27 protein loci. The level of differences (Dnei) is 0.710-1.811 for genera;...
Relation between size of pinna and auditory bulla in specialized desert rodents (families Allactagidae, Dipodidae, Gerbillidae, Heteromyidae, and genus Selevinia) is statistically significant and described by hyperbola. The empirical distribution of respective sizes can be interpreted as a total of two main trends. One is enlargement of the pinna,...
The data obtained by the discriminant analysis of 193 specimens from 35 localities covering the whole range of "shawi-grandis" from the genus Meriones Illiger are compared in terms 14 skull characteristics. They allow one to suppose a species status of M. shavi Duvrnoy and M. grandis Cabrera. The last two species differ in size and proportions of s...
Two methods for description of talon shape in the 3d upper molar in rock voles from the genus Alticola were compared. One method is based on using standard landmarks, the other, on using outline points. Both methods give similar results, but the latter provides a more perfect structure of diversity of morphotypes. The outline method is concluded to...
The shape variation of M3 talon in five taxa of the genus Alticola is analyzed numerically by using x, y-coordinates of landmarks set on tips of the tooth inlands and outfolds instead of standard measurements. The original data are processed by methods of routine multi variate statistics and geometric morphometrics. The shape transformations of the...
Theoretical foundations of evolutionary cladistics can be elaborated as a nonformal axiomatic systems. Its axioms are statements about properties of phylogenetic process and pattern, while its inferring rules are principles of phylogenetic reconstructions. Of two possible models, dynamic (evolutionary) and static (typological) ones, the former shou...
The multivariate discriminant analysis of data on size-corrected cranial measurements in 195 specimens of the genus Calomyscus from Turkmenia, northern Iran and Azerbaidjan suggests grouping of 29 samples into five clusters. Three of these clusters correspond to the chromosome forms previously described from Turkmenia. The other two are C. urartens...
The discriminant analysis of skull characters in three species of the group Tatera robusta from West Africa has verified the species distinctness of T. robusta s.str. (includes taylori, bodessae), T. guineae and T. phillipsi (includes minuscula, bodessana). The last species, previously described from East Africa, is shown to be distributed westward...
A cladistic analysis of the order Scolopendromorpha was run using a set of 17 characters. The family Cryptopidae sensu Attems (1930, Das Tierreich 54) is shown to be paraphyletic, while the genus Plutonium appears to constitute a monotypic group deserving a very high rank. The possibility to recognize at least two monophyletic groups, Scolopendrina...
It is shown that morphological characters, such as a form of gnathosoma, usually considered as qualitative one, may be properly analyzed on a quantitative basis by means of the geometrical morphometric methods. In particular, an extraction of relative warps (RW) from a shape variation using TPSRW computer program makes it possible to run standard s...
Questions
Questions (2)
Dear geometric morphometricians,
my question is about the representation of the results of RW analysis as a scatter plot with analyzed shapes (objects) distributed in the respective shape space.
As far as I understood the relevant articles and textbooks, they write that these are the original shapes that are distributed in that space. However, my study of the enamel crow pattern of equine molars showed me that this is not the fact: distributed in the RW space are not the original shapes themselves but the transformed shapes of a consensus configuration, as it is superimposed onto the points in that space defined by coordinates for the original shapes by the preceding RW analysis. And it appeared that the differences between original shapes and transformed consensus configuration shapes might be very significant.
Hoping that my question is clear enough (sorry, English is not my born language), I'd like to know what do you think of the above? Has this subject ever been described and discussed in the literature? If it has not, might it not be reasonable to take on this matter and analyze it more carefully?
Would be thankful to you for all your comments.
Igor
I'd like to stop following some persons and discussions in ResGates but don't know how to do that.
Shall highly appreciate any advise helping to resolve this technical task.
Cheers.
Projects
Projects (2)
To prepare and publish a book on theoretical foundations of biological systematics (the taxonomy) considered from the standpoint of the fundamental triade "history + theory + phylosophy".
Based on the book of Pavlinov&Lyubarsky-2011, significantly revized and renewed. Started a year ago, to be finished hopefully in a year. The text already written is about 400 standard book pages, anticipated text will be about 520 book pages. To be published (if ever finished) in Russian.
A review of the history of Zoological Museum of Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., from 1755 to 1991, is now under preparation. By now, the main text is about 43,000 words, It will be supplied with a) the Museum Chronicle (by principal events), b) brief biographies of all people mentioned in the text, and c) list of references. It will hopefully be published in a volume dedicated to 225 anniversary of the above Museum by the end of this year.