Ignasi Queralt

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Verified

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• PhD-Earth Sciences
• Research Scientist at Spanish National Research Council

Archaeometry can help archaeologists in many ways, and one of the most common archaeometric objectives is provenance analysis. Volcanic rocks are often found in archaeological sites as materials used to make grinding tools such as millstones and mortars or as building materials. Petrographic characterization is commonly applied to identify their ma...

Archaeometry can help archaeologists in multiple instances, one of the common archaeometric goals are the provenance analyses. Volcanic stones appear frequently in archaeological sites as materials used to build grinding tools like millstones and mortars or as building materials. Petrographic characterization is commonly applied to identify their m...

The article presents a complete review of different sample preparation methodologies prior to analysis by X‐ray spectrometry ( XRS ) and the basics of classical preparation for X‐ray fluorescence ( XRF ) analysis as well as new methods of preparation, with emphasis on recent applications.

Las cavidades han sido lugares utilizados reiteradamente a lo largo de la historia y con distintas funcionalidades tal y como evidencia la tipología de los restos arqueológicos hallados. Así, la presencia de materiales arqueológicos en cuevas y abrigos desde la protohistoria hasta la actualidad está documentada en un buen número de yacimientos, per...

This paper provides a detailed technological characterization of the Roman opus sectile glasses (second century AD) coming from the renowned Gorga collection. Nine glass samples corresponding to imitations of the porfido verde antico, cipollino rosso, rosso antico, giallo antico, diaspro nero e giallo, semesanto and agate/alabaster stones were stud...

A multi-analytical approach is usually applied in provenance studies of archaeological marbles. However, for very similar marble varieties, additional techniques and approaches are required. This paper uses a case study to illustrate this with two Catalan marble districts (Gualba and Ceret) and three sets of archaeological marbles. The common multi...

Platinum belongs to the technological metal group of platinum group metals, but it is finding more and more applications these days, especially in automotive catalytic converters and medicine. At the same time, the existing data on its potential toxicity both to humans and to the environment are currently rather limited, and there is also a need to...

The Aran Valley in Catalonia (Spain) was the site of large-scale Zn, Pb, Cu, Fe, and Ag mining from the late 19th century until approximately 1950. Although mining activities ceased over 70 years ago, some of the abandoned mining relics (e.g. tunnels, processing facilities, and tailings dumps) exhibit elevated concentrations of metals in the associ...

In this work, we studied the features of a modern Chinese cloisonné vase by means of small-spot energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Quantitative elemental results of enamel have been obtained after calibration of EDXRF instrumentation with certified reference materials. Up to eleven different coloured enamels...

Large-scale Zn, Pb, Cu, Fe and Ag mining ceased over 70 years ago in the Aran Valley (Catalonia, Spain). Some of the abandoned mining relics (e.g. tunnels, processing facilities and tailings dumps) exhibit elevated concentrations of metals in the associated water systems, thus posing a health risk in the neighboring ecosystem. In this study, the la...

Code and data sharing are crucial practices to advance toward sustainable archaeology. This article explores the performance of supervised machine learning classification methods for provenancing archaeological pottery through the use of freeware R code in the form of R Markdown files. An illustrative example was used to show all the steps of the n...

In recent years, the conceptual advancement on green analytical chemistry (GAC) has moved in parallel with efforts to incorporate new screening or quantitative low-cost analytical tools to solve analytical problems. In this sense, the role of solid state techniques that allow the non-invasive analysis (or with a minimum sample treatment) of solid s...

Presently, the development of analytical methods to determine elemental composition of vegetation samples is of significance in many different fields. This chapter discusses the details and potentials of different X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) configurations in the field of multi‐elemental analysis of vegetation samples. Most commonly used sample treatm...

In this contribution, the analytical potential of total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) instrumentation has been evaluated for the determination of major and trace elements in milk powder. TXRF allows the possibility of direct analysis of solid suspensions without the need for a digestion process and therefore it can be a potential analytical...

Capillary diffraction or microdiffraction are standard techniques for characterizing small samples when only a few milligrams are available. On the other hand, we have typical grazing incidence diffraction or different variations of grazing incidence (GI) diffraction used, such as in-plane grazing incidence (IP-GI) or GI using a micro focusing sour...

This contribution describes the study conducted on two painted wooden reliefs created in the early 1970s by Vasko Lipovac, a prominent Croatian contemporary artist. Due to the poor condition in which the artworks were found, it was important to establish a strategy for conservation and long-term preservation. Accordingly, preliminary knowledge abou...

Archaeometric studies on mosaics often concentrate only on glass tesserae, while comprehensive studies including both stone and glass tesserae are scarce; however, both types of tesserae can sometimes bring relevant data to elaborate archaeological knowledge on a studied mosaic. In this paper, a representative set of tesserae from a large polychrom...

To better understand the geochemical alteration of the interface between wellbore Portland cement and rock because of potential leakage during CO2 storage operations, we performed percolation experiments using three solid cores each made of two half-cylinders, one of hydrated Portland cement and the other of calcareous rock (limestone, marl or sand...

In most clinical and nutritional studies, it is of significance to know information about the multielemental composition of biological samples. Conventional analysis of biological samples relies upon sample digestion followed by atomic spectrometry detection. This approach is essential for the quantification of ultratrace elements in biological sam...

AMD is the acidic discharge generated by the oxidation of sulfide minerals from active or disused mine workings and contains high concentrations of toxic metals and sulfuric acid. Host rocks and concrete-based infrastructures in permanent contact with AMD are highly vulnerable to the geochemical processes caused by acidity (e.g. concrete corrosion)...

In this paper, the determination of ultratrace heavy metal ions was developed by combining a preconcentration method using graphene oxide/carbon nanotubes membranes (GO/CNTs) and total-reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (TXRF). Due to the excellent adsorptive properties of the GO, the foregoing membranes are suitable for effective simultane...

Trace elements are essential for the normal spermatogenesis of mammals and play a critical role in sperm quality, but pathological processes e.g. inflammation, as well. Consequently, multi-elemental analysis of seminal plasma (SP) may provide significant information on physiological and pathophysiological processes occurring in the male reproductiv...

In the last decade, green chemistry has been attracting great interest in many contexts, including, among others, natural antioxidants. However, only a few works deal with natural residue extracts and biowaste, which could be an efficient, economical and environmentally friendly source for the production of useful compounds. In this study, we look...

Sorptive and selective mini-membranes based on TiO2 directly synthesized onto cellulose filters (TiO2@cellulose) have been developed. The in situ synthesis of TiO2@cellulose applied is simple and economically advantageous. The obtained membranes can be useful for (1) separating arsenic(V) and selenium(IV) from other ions and organic matter, (2) spe...

The traditional pottery industry was an important activity in Catalonia (NE Spain) up to the 20th century. However, nowadays only few workshops persist in small villages were the activity is promoted as a touristic attraction. The preservation and promotion of traditional pottery in Catalonia is part of an ongoing strategy of tourism diversificatio...

In-situ monitoring of potentially toxic elements in mining water samples is of special relevance in order to evaluate the environmental impact of abandoned mining activities. However, it is difficult to develop suitable analytical methods for this purpose considering the complexity of mining water samples matrix as well as the limited sensibility o...

Construction materials affected by black crusts (BCs) can be subjected to restoration, demolition, recycling or even to their management as waste products. Therefore, the determination of their chemical features should be considered a crucial step before undertaking any action. In this work, we present the development of an analytical methodology u...

In this work, we compared the accuracy of gold leaves thickness determination using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) setups for different X-ray excitation sources. The sources used consisted on: a) direct Bremsstrahlung from an Amptek Mini-X X-ray tube with Rh target, b) partially monochromatized radiation of the same X-ray tube using combination of Al and...

This paper shows a simple, rapid and cost-effective method for multielement analyses of cosmetics. Total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (TXRF) is used to determine the composition, particularly the presence of potentially toxic elements, of cosmetics. Three sample preparation methods based on suspension preparation were developed for di...

Abstract As the demand for critical and valuable metals increases due to industrial developments, especially in electronics and high-technology industries, the search for novel and sustainable sources grows in significance. Incinerated municipal solid waste (MSW) is a potential source of valuable metals, since a lot of waste from electrical and el...

Exposure to arsenic (As)through drinking water results in accumulation of As and its methylated metabolites in several organs, promoting adverse health effects, particularly potential development of cancer. Arsenic toxicity is a serious global health concern since over 200 million people are chronically exposed worldwide. Abundant biochemical and e...

The aim of the present work is the development of a simple, sensitive and sustainable EDXRF method for the determination of trace amounts of sulfur in biodiesel samples. In this method, the deposition of several microliters of sample onto an organic thin layer and the analysis of the resulting adsorbed biodiesel spot by benchtop EDXRF is proposed....

The production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)has increased tremendously during recent years due to their antibacterial and physicochemical properties. As a consequence, these particles are released inevitably into the environment, with soil being the main sink of disposal. Soil interactions have an effect on AgNP mobility, transport and bioavailab...

The Huarenchenque Fm is a Pleistocene clastic sedimentary unit that crops out in the SW of the Neuquén Basin, Argentina. This unit is made up of cross stratified basalt-dominated sandstones and conglomerates with pumice clasts in a fluvial context. The roundness of these pumice clasts, the numerous fragments of shards and their association with pol...

Multielemental analysis of whole blood can provide significant information for the evaluation of nutritional status and diagnosis of certain diseases as well as for the assessment of exposure to potentially toxic metals. However, the quantification of multiple elements in whole blood is not easy partly because of the wide variation in element conce...

At present, there is a considerable interest in Hg monitoring in water samples due to its widespread occurrence and the high toxicity of most of its compounds. Hg determination in water samples by means of total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (TXRF) entails some difficulties due to the high vapour pressure and low boiling point of this...

The aim of the work is to present a systematic evaluation of the analytical capabilities of the new X-ray fluorescence facility jointly operated between the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste for multipurpose total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis. The analytical performance of the XRF beamline end-station...

A nanocomposite prepared from graphene nanosheets and cerium nanoparticles (G/CeO2) was applied to the extraction of Se(IV), As(V), As(III), Cu(II) and Pb(II). The structure of G/CeO2 was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The optimal pH values for extraction are 4.0 for As(V), 3.0 for Se(IV), an...

Wavelength Dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WD-XRF) spectrometry has been widely used for elemental quantification of mortars and cements. In this kind of instruments, samples are usually prepared as pellets or fused beads and the whole volume of sample is measured at once. In this work, the usefulness of a dual Energy Dispersive X-ray fluorescence s...

The work was conducted to establish contamination from improper disposal of hazardous wastes containing lead (Pb) and antimony (Sb) into nearby soils. Besides other elements in the affected area, the biological role of Sb, its behaviour in the pedosphere and uptake by plants and the food chain was considered. Wastes contained 139532 ± 9601 mg kg-1(...

Alumina supported on graphene oxide (Al2O3/GO) nanocomposite as new nanosorbent in dispersive micro-solid phase extraction (DMSPE) for As(V) and Cr(III) preconcentration is described. The crucial issue of the study is synthesis of novel nanocomposite suitable for sorption of selected species of arsenic and chromium. Al2O3/GO demonstrates selectivit...

In the article authors provide the geochemical dataset collected by the research group after 10 years of investigation in the Sierra Nevada National Park, Southern Spain. These data come from Holocene sedimentary records from four alpine sites (ranging from ∼2500 to ∼3000 masl): two peatlands and two shallow lakes. Different kinds of organic and in...

Graphene oxide decorated with cerium (IV) oxide (GO/CeO2) was synthesized and applied in adsorption of several metal ions such as As(III), As(V), Se(IV), Cu(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous samples. The important feature of GO/CeO2 nanocomposite is also its selectivity towards selenite in the presence of selenate. The structure of GO/CeO2 has been prove...

In this work, a Total Reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) spectrometry based quantitative methodology for elemental characterization of liquid extracts and solids belonging to old building materials and their degradation products from a building of the beginning of 20th century with a high historic cultural value in Getxo, (Basque Country, North o...

Home-based collection protocols for clinical specimens are actively pursued as a means of improving life quality of patients. In this sense, dried blood spots (DBS) are proposed as a non-invasive and even self-administered alternative to sampling whole venous blood. This contribution explores the potential of energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence sp...

Recent studies have proved that high elevation environments, especially remote wetlands, are exceptional ecological sensors of global change. For example, European glaciers have retreated during the 20th century while the Sierra Nevada National Park in southern Spain witnessed the first complete disappearance of modern glaciers in Europe. Given tha...

Samples of waste from the surface of mine tailings and agricultural topsoil samples in the vicinity of the mine were collected. The soil samples and a control sample from unpolluted area, were taken in the direction of prevailing northwest and west winds. Chemical analysis of these solids was performed using both X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffra...

This paper presents archaeological layer XXV from Cova del Gegant (Sitges, Barcelona), ascribed to Bronze Age, and focuses on this period’s chronological issues. Cova del Gegant yielded Late Bell Beaker pottery featuring a decorative style akin to the “Northeastern Group” (generally ascribed to Early Bronze Age), human remains associated with a col...

Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (ED-XRF) is widely used in art and cultural heritage for direct measurements and elemental quantification of solid samples. However, in the literature there are not works dealing with the quantitative application of ED-XRF to liquid extracts coming from samples belonging to cultural heritage. In thi...

In the present contribution, benchtop total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (TXRF) has been evaluated as a cost-effective multielemental analytical technique for human placenta analysis. An easy and rapid sample preparation consisting of suspending 50 mg of sample in 1 mL of a Triton 1% solution in deionized water showed to be the most s...

This article presents a complete review of different sample preparation methodologies before analysis by X-ray spectrometry. This article presents the basics of classical preparation for X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis and new methods of preparation, with emphasis on recent applications.

Arsenic (As) is a worldwide environmental contaminant, which compromises immunity and causes various associated disorders. To further investigate its immunotoxicity, male Wistar rats were exposed to 100 ppm of sodium arsenite (inorganic AsIII) in drinking water for 2 months. Given that metals are significant immune regulators, their content and dis...

Spontaneous and autochthonous species of plants growing on degraded and contaminated soils/spoils that survive in such environments show, in general, no symptoms of toxicity. This study compares concentrations of chemical elements in different leaves maturation and in different seasons of several native species in a massive sulphide abandoned mine...

Mine tailing ponds are environmentally hazardous because of high susceptibility to leaching and erosion by water and wind. In this study, we demonstrate the usefulness of electrical resistivity tomography for assessing the volume and internal structure of mine tailing ponds in the abandoned Osor's mine. It is also provided significant information f...

Monitoring total bromine and bromide concentrations in soils is significant in many environmental studies. Thus fast analytical methodologies that entail simple sample preparation and low-cost analyses are desired. In the present work, the possibilities and drawbacks of low-power total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (TXRF) for the deter...

In the present contribution the possibilities and drawbacks of two analytical strategies based on the use of low power X-ray fluorescence systems (EDXRF and μ-XRF) have been explored for rapid multielemental analysis and chemical imaging of different edible vegetal species. The proposed methodologies allow analysis of vegetation material without co...

Sea-level rise (SLR) is one of the most conspicuous examples of the environmental impact of recent climate change. Since SLR rates are not uniform around the planet, local and regional data are needed for proper adaptation plans. 210Pb-dated sediment cores were analyzed to determine the trends of sediment accretion rates (SARs) at three tropical sa...

Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence (TXRF) spectrometry is a multi-elemental technique using micro-volumes of sample. This work assessed the components contributing to the combined uncertainty budget associated with TXRFmeasurements using Cu and Fe concentrations in different spiked and natural water samples as an example. The results showed that a...

In this work we evaluate the composition of a bronze alloy using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. For this purpose, a 7th Century BC archaeological vase from the SW Iberian Peninsula, displaying a well formed corrosion patina was analysed by means of a portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. Realistic MC sim...

A new method based on dispersive micro-solid phase extraction (DMSPE) and total-reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (TXRF) is proposed for multielemental ultratrace determination of heavy metal ions and arsenic species. In the developed methodology the crucial issue is a novel adsorbent synthesized by grafting 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysila...

The present contribution presents a preliminary investigation of the chemical composition with respect to major, minor, trace, and ultratrace elements in several clam species that are frequently used for human consumption in Portuguese markets and worldwide. In order to use a simple and rapid analytical methodology for clam analysis, energy dispers...

This work investigates the potential of high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry for the direct determination of Pd, Pt and Rh in two samples of very different nature. While analysis of active pharmaceutical ingredients is straightforward and it is feasible to minimize matrix effects, to the point that calibr...

The accumulation of heavy metals in the coastal environment represents a major concern worldwide due to potential risks to the aquatic organisms and humans due to fish consumption. The Estero de Urias (Mazatlan City, SWGulf of California) is a highly urbanized coastal lagoon that hosts the harbour, several industries, including a thermoelectric pla...

A small plate of oil on copper painting from the Italian Renaissance period was characterized by means of noninvasive spectroscopic methods. The study was conducted by the use of energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and Raman and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopies to determine the technology production...

Until now, the determination of Cd at trace levels in aqueous samples by TXRF has been restricted. When Mo-target X-ray tubes are used, low sensitivity and interferences with Cd L-lines used for quantification prevent trace analysis. Alternatively, when W-target X-ray tubes are used Cd excitation is limited. For this reason, a sample pretreatment i...

Three sediment cores were collected from different mangrove areas in the Estero de Urías coastal lagoon (southeast Gulf of California, Mexico). Under the current sea­level rise conditions, it might be expected that mangrove ecosystems follow a transgressional pattern where mangrove vegetation colonizes inshore areas. Elemental composition analysis...

This study was aimed to achieve improved instrumental sensitivity and detection limits for multielement determination of V. Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Se, Pb and Cd in liquid samples by using different X-ray fluorescence (XRF) configurations (a benchtop energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, a benchtop polarised energy-dispersive X...

The Anti-Atlas of Morocco is a mountainous Paleozoic fold belt that extends NE–SW for approximately 600 km across central Morocco. Late Paleozoic deformation produced domes of Precambrian rocks, called boutonnières or inliers, and basins of Paleozoic sedimentary rocks. The Anti-Atlas has been the subject of a huge research activity during last deca...

Selenium (Se) cycling around volcanoes has implications for human health given the high population density close to volcanoes and the narrow range between essential and toxic Se intake. To study the Se mobility during interaction between volcanic derived acid rain and volcanic ash, new analytical approaches are required. This paper explores the Tot...

The control of metal catalyst residues (i.e., platinum group metals (PGMs)) in different stages of the manufacturing processes of the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and, especially, in the final product is crucial. For API specimens, there are strict guidelines to limit the levels of metal residues based on their individual levels of safe...

In the present study, and taking into account the microanalytical capability of total reflection X-ray spectrometry (TXRF), we explored the possibilities of hollow fibre liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) combined with TXRF for the determination of low amounts of inorganic Sb species in water...

Calcite dissolution on (1014) cleavage surface was investigated by means of ex situ vertical scanning interferometry (VSI) measurements using flow-through and batch experiments at ambient pCO2, pH 1–7 and room temperature in metal (Fe(II), Zn, Cu and Cd) and metal-free chloride solutions, and metal sulphate and metal-free sulphate solutions, unders...

La boutonnière de Boumalne est implantée dans les formations magmatiques d’âge Néoprotérozoïques de Jbel Saghro, d’affinité chimique calco-alcaline d’arc insulaire. C’est un complexe constitué de lithofaciès variés de composition évoluant de basalte au rhyolite . L’ensemble est recoupé par des filons de rhyolite, de basalte, d’andésite et des veine...

Young and mature leaves from several plant species of the genus Cistus L. (C. crispus, C. ladanifer, C. monspeliensis, C. salviifolius), Erica australis L., and Lavandula sampaioana (Rozeira) Rivas Mart., T.E. Díaz& Fern. Gonz., as well as soils where plants grew, were sampled in various areas of São Domingos abandoned mine. The São Domingos mine,...

In this paper the combination of dispersive micro solid-phase extraction (DMSPE), using multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as solid sorbents, with total-reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (TXRF) is proposed for preconcentration and determination of lead and cadmium ions in water samples. The proposed sample preparation is quite simple an...

A methodology based on dispersive micro solid-phase extraction (DMSPE) using multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as solid sorbent prior to measurement with energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry is proposed. The procedure consists of chelating of nickel, cobalt, copper, and lead ions with ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (AP...

A dispersive solid-phase microextraction (DSPME) with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as solid sorbent and ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDC) as chelating agent was developed for determination of selenium. In the proposed procedure, the Se(IV)–APDC complex is adsorbed on MWCNTs dispersed in aqueous samples. After the adsorption proces...

A set of chromolithographs from the 19th century were analysed to identify the fillers and pigments used for their elabora-tion. Because of the delicacy of the chromolithographs, the research involved the use of Raman, Fourier-transform infrared and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopies for a complete characterization of the works on...

We aimed to achieve improved instrumental sensitivity and detection limits for the analysis of several ele-ments (Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb and Cd) in aqueous samples with energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF). The metals were pre-concentrated from aqueous solutions using commercially available organic-based solid-phase extraction (SPE) di...

The transformation of water-rich smectite clay minerals into relatively anhydrous illite is a common reaction in sedimentary basins. It is commonly thought to be driven by temperature increase with increasing burial depth. This mineral transformation is also observed in the gouge of large faults, and because it releases bound water from smectite, i...

Tracking Br− movement through the vadose zone by taking undisturbed core samples and using ion chromatographic techniques based on soil-water extracts is difficult and time consuming. Moreover, the presence of Cl− in the soil may hamper Br− detection due to interference between the two ions. The aim of this investigation was to check whether x-ray...

The assessment of metals dispersal in polluted mining areas is a very complex issue, usually needing data from several analytical techniques in a joint approach. The present work focuses on the impact of the mining activity on lowlands alluvial plain sediments from an ephemeral creek, their role as source or sink of pollution and the spatial distri...

Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence is a common analytical tool for layer thickness measurements in quality control processes in the coating industry, but there are scarce microanalytical applications in order to ascertain semi-quantitative or quantitative information of painted layers. "Oil on copper" painting becomes a suitable material to be an...

The distribution and mobility of heavy metals in the non-saturated zone of the alluvial plain of a wadi in the Cartagena–La Union mining district was investigated. The elemental chemistry of soils, in-depth sediments and different plant species (namely Hirsfeldia incana, Ditrichia viscosa and Piptatherum miliaceum) was carried out by using X-ray fl...

The chemical concentrations of 11 elements in 6 species of edible plants grown in 7 soils, developed in different gossanous materials of the abandoned mine area of Sao Domingos, in southern Portugal, was measured by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. The total fraction of elements in the soils from which the plants were sampled, was measured, us...

A geochemical and mineralogical characterization of three zones (namely oxides zones, hydrothermal alteration zone and mining wastes zone) from a mineralized zone in the upper part of the Cartagena-La Unión range was carried out by analysing rocks, soils and three plant species (Piptatherum miliaceum, Ditrichia viscosa and Hirsfeldia incana). The t...