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Publications
Publications (41)
A first approximation to the study of learning processes in bivalves is presented. A habituation procedure was developed using the slimy clam Ruditapes decussatus. The percentage of siphon withdrawal when they were exposed to a white light was measured. In Experiment 1, a habituation-discrimination procedure was used to study the stimulus intensity...
Pavlovian conditioning has been proven to be useful for the study of associative learning and animal cognition. This procedure can be used to observe certain memory phenomena. The appetitive conditioning of several neutral stimuli can result in higher response rates, and therefore a better memory, for the first and last stimuli of the series. This...
This study assesses the recovery of the conditioned response (CR) due to a contextual change (renewal effect) in the Cornu aspersum, using the appetitive Pavlovian Conditioning of Tentacle Lowering procedure. Snails experienced an odorous conditioned stimulus (CS) paired with food (conditioning), followed by the exposition to the CS without any con...
The present study was conducted to provide evidence of conditioned taste aversion learning (CTA) in the snail Cornu aspersum, using quinidine as the aversive stimulus in a procedure of Pavlovian Conditioning of Tentacle Lowering. Subjects were split into two groups: paired and unpaired. During the devaluation phase, subjects from the “paired group”...
Since the beginning of the 21st century, the Minimal Cognition approach has emerged vigorously, focusing on the study of the adaptive behavior of the simplest organisms, including bacteria, assuming that they are sentient and information-processing entities. Although Minimal Cognition has occasionally used Pavlovian methods to try to demonstrate As...
The present study was conducted to assess the context specificity of latent inhibition (LI) in the snail Cornu aspersum , using the appetitive Pavlovian Conditioning procedure of tentacle lowering. Snails experienced an odorous conditioned stimulus (CS) without any consequence before being conditioned with food. The conditioned stimulus preexposure...
Despite being simultaneously male and female, hermaphrodites may still need to assume the male or female sexual role in a mating encounter, with the option to swap roles afterwards. For the great pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis, deciding which sexual role to perform has important consequences, since sperm transfer and male reproductive success can be...
Dog-assisted interventions (DAI) are those that include specially trained dogs in human health services. Often, the training methods employed to train animals for DAI are transmitted between trainers, so the latest scientific research on dog learning and cognition is not always taken into account. The present work aims to evaluate the impact that t...
Since the beginning of the 21st century, the Minimal Cognition approach has emerged vigorously, focusing on the study of the adaptive behavior of the simplest organisms, including bacteria, assuming that they are sentient and information-processing entities. Although Minimal Cognition has occasionally used Pavlovian methods to try to demonstrate As...
The feature negative discrimination (A+/AX−) can result in X gaining excitatory properties (second-order conditioning, SOC) or in X gaining inhibitory properties (conditioned inhibition, CI), a challenging finding for most current associative learning theories. Research on the variables that modulate which of these phenomena would occur is scarce b...
Previous experiments using tentacle lowering conditioning in terrestrial snails Cornu aspersum have shown extinction and recovery of the conditioned response (CR) as a consequence of both inserting a delay between the extinction and test (spontaneous recovery) and of re-exposing the animal to the unconditioned stimulus after extinction (reinstateme...
The foraging behaviour of gastropod molluscs usually involves complex decisions that provide a model for the study of high-order cognitive processes. Land snails tested for food-finding in the laboratory, however, have shown an invariable feeding pattern: novel foods are mostly missed (i.e. just found by chance) whilst familiar foods, due to a type...
The main of this study began in the exploration of effect the changes value of outcome on the attention to irrelevant context, as an important factor to the information of the associations cueoutcome in a human predictive learning task. The participants received training in which evaluate if a product (cue) was followed by discount (outcome) in a d...
Pavlovian conditioning of tentacle lowering in the snail, Cornu aspersum, as an instance of associative learning, has proven effective to show evidence of paradigmatic associative phenomena (e.g., blocking) explained by current models of conditioning. Nevertheless, the available literature questions the biological function of the conditioned respon...
Five experiments investigated how learning about the added feature in a feature-positive discrimination or feature-negative discrimination is related to the change in reinforcement rate that the feature signals. Rats were trained in a magazine-approach paradigm with 2 concurrent discriminations between A versus AX and B versus BY. In 2 experiments...
El condicionamiento clásico permite poner en relación la investigación básica con
animales con las tareas de juicios de contingencia en humanos, dado que la manera en la que los
animales juzgan la relación entre estímulo condicionado y estímulo incondicionado es análoga a
la manera en que el humano juzga la relación entre clave y resultado. El cond...
Extinction and its related phenomena are central to the study and development of associative learning theory. For a better understanding of the processes involved in extinction, it is important to know how general these phenomena are in different species. Extensive evidence of extinction in invertebrate species would be necessary in order to test t...
According to most theories, in a simple contingency learning situation, excitatory learning occurs when the probability of the unconditioned stimulus in the presence of the conditioned stimulus (p1) is higher than the probability of the unconditioned stimulus in the absence of the conditioned stimulus (p2). In Rescorla and Wagner’s (1972) model, th...
Two experiments using garden snails (Helix aspersa) showed conditioned inhibition using both retardation and summation tests. Conditioned inhibition is a procedure by which a stimulus becomes a predictor of the absence of a relevant event--the unconditioned stimulus (US). Typically, conditioned inhibition consists of pairings between an initially n...
According to most conditioning theories, inhibitory learning will occurs if the probability of the unconditioned stimulus (US) in the presence of the conditioned stimulus (CS) or p1 is lower than the probability of the US in the absence of the CS or p2. This paper evaluates if the difference between p1 and p2 required to produce inhibitory conditio...
Experiment 1 established the effectiveness of an appetitive conditioning of odours procedure with snails (Helix aspersa) that was subsequently used for the study of blocking. In this important phenomenon, the conditioning of a CS1 (where CS is the conditioned stimulus) prior to conditioning of a compound, CS1CS2, blocked the conditioning to the CS2...
La toma de decisiones puede ser considerada como actividad psicológica ·esencial, aquella en función de la cual puede entenderse toda actividad psicológica y que, a su vez, no puede descomponerse en actividades psicológicas significativas más simples. Proponemos, combativamente, que el concepto de decisión se sitúe a la altura de los conceptos de a...
In a series of related experiments, we studied associative phenomena in snails (Helix aspersa), using the conditioning procedure of tentacle lowering. Experiments 1A and 1B demonstrated a basic conditioning effect in which the pairing of an odor (apple) as the conditioned stimulus (CS) with the opportunity to feed on carrot as the unconditioned sti...
In five experiments with rats we examined the aversion established by consumption of a solution of lithium chloride (LiCl). Experiment 1 showed that consumption of LiCl established an aversion to saline (NaCl). Experiment 2 showed that the size of the aversion was reduced in rats given pre-exposure to saline (a latent inhibition effect). Experiment...
TEXTO : En el ámbito de la psicología experimental, es usual definir el aprendizaje como "un cambio relativamente permanente de la conducta, debido a la experiencia, que no puede explicarse por un estado transitorio del organismo, por la maduración o por tendencias de respuestas innatas" (Klein, 1994; p. 2). Tres características de esta definición...
This experiment with rat subjects used a conditional discrimination procedure to study the contextual control of flavour aversions. Rats were first given discrimination training with two distinctive contexts, such that a flavour was paired with lithium chloride (LiCl) in context A, alternating with presentations of the flavour alone in context B. H...
Estímulo TEXTO: "Estímulo", a pesar de su aparente simplicidad, es en psicología un concepto extraordinariamente complejo y con evidentes implicaciones epistemológicas, pues alude al modo en que explicamos la relación organismo-mundo. Todo intento riguroso de definición de "estímulo" exige establecer posiciones generales a propósito de una red de c...
Estímulo TEXTO: "Estímulo", a pesar de su aparente simplicidad, es en psicología un concepto extraordinariamente complejo y con evidentes implicaciones epistemológicas, pues alude al modo en que explicamos la relación organismo-mundo. Todo intento riguroso de definición de "estímulo" exige establecer posiciones generales a propósito de una red de c...
In two experiments, rats experienced two distinctive contexts, one of which was followed by an injection of lithium chloride and the other not. Half the subjects were allowed to consume water in the lithium-paired context, whereas for the remainder no fluid was made available. In the test phase of Experiment 1 all subjects received access to sucros...
RESUMEN La obra de Morgan, representada a menudo por su Canon, suele considerarse como eslabon historico clave entre el darwinismo y las tendencias objetivistas que acabarian plasmandose en el Conductismo. Creemos que este esquema de filiacion es "relativamente verdadero" (y por tanto, tambien relativamente falso): solo es verdadero a costa de trai...
Two experiments using a discriminative flavor-aversion procedure with 72 male rats explored the possible role of the contextual stimuli as an occasion setter. In Exp 1, contextual control of the fluid ingestion was observed in that Ss reduced consumption of a flavor in a context in which the fluid was paired with lithium chloride but did not reduce...
