Ignacio LlorenteUniversidad de Cantabria | UNICAN · Department of Business Administration
Ignacio Llorente
PhD Business Administration
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75
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528
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Citations since 2017
Introduction
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June 2009 - present
Publications
Publications (75)
The purpose of this work is to analyze the differences in profitability between European aquaculture firms of the Nordic and Mediterranean-EU regions, as well as the factors that are relevant to explain these differences. In addition to traditional factors proposed by theory to explain profitability differences among firms such as size, efficiency,...
Aquaculture is considered a high-risk industry in which the heterogeneity of the productions hinders the development and application of risk management. However, risk sources have still received little attention in aquaculture research. The present study aims to provide a framework of the main risk sources perceived by aquaculture producers. Firstl...
The learning process at the university demands more and more active participation from students and a greater approximation to the reality that is the object of learning. In the case of creation of companies and entrepreneurship courses, it is common for teaching to be actively organized around the development of a business plan (project-based lear...
The need to establish actions to reduce food waste is part of the European Union’s comprehensive approach to efficient use of resources so that economic development must derive from a linear economy to a circular economy. One of the most important aspects to be developed in this policy framework is the fight against food waste. At a regional level,...
This article presents the results of a market integration analysis in the European Union market of frozen fillets of subtropical farmed species based on imports of tilapia, pangasius and Nile perch. Market integration across countries and species has been tested using Johansen cointegration in order to deal with price series which have been found t...
Teaching at university level has evolved in recent years towards teaching methodologies in which the student has an increasingly active role in their learning, being the protagonist together with the teaching staff. The use of techniques in which students put into practice and reflect on the theoretical contents has benefits both for the acquisitio...
Since the 1990s, fishing production has stagnated and aquaculture has experienced an exponential growth thanks to the production on an industrial scale. One of the major challenges facing aquaculture companies is the management of breeding activity affected by biological, technical, environmental and economic factors. In recent years, decision-maki...
The EU aquaculture industry is a politically prioritized industry as shown in the EU's Farm to Fork Strategy. The political objectives include biological, economic and social sustainability of the industry. However, while a lot of attention has been paid to the economic importance and environmental impact from the aquaculture sector, there has been...
The US is the world’s largest seafood importer by value, with an increasing share of imports composed of farmed seafood. Despite numerous policy initiatives, production and growth in the US aquaculture sector is limited, and there is a significant literature discussing potential explanations. In this paper the recent success of imported Branzino is...
The study uses firm level panel data to determine performance-leverage relationships among Mediterranean aquaculture production firms in Croatia, Italy, Spain, France and Greece. A stochastic frontier production function is used to determine and define performance through firm level efficiency estimates. The multilevel internal instrument variable...
Criteria and indicators to incorporate sustainability aspects for seafood products in the marketing standards under the Common Market Organisation
This report on the Economic Performance of the EU Aquaculture sector 2021 is the seventh report of its kind produced for the sector and provides a comprehensive overview of the latest information available on the production, economic value, structure and competitive performance of the aquaculture sector at the national and EU level. This report inc...
Social dimension is a fundamental element in the evaluation of initiatives and policies that are demanded and promoted by public and private organizations as well as society as a whole. Thus, there is a thriving interest in social impact research, especially from the point of view of its measurement and valuation. In this work, we explored the risi...
Sea cage farming of seabream and seabass is the most important form of aquaculture production in the Mediterranean Sea. Despite the continuous global growth in aquaculture production and demand, the economic performance of seabream and seabass companies has not followed the same trend. In recent years, companies have faced successive periods of mar...
In recent years, European producers of cultured sea bass and sea bream have experienced a highly competitive market with low prices that have caused profitability challenges. An important factor of economic competitiveness for firms is to produce efficiently. In this paper, technical efficiency of European producers of cultured sea bass and sea bre...
Eco-labelling is gaining great international importance as a way to promote sustainable fisheries driven by the increasing demand for eco-certified products. Since 2016, the artisanal fleet to fish common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) of Navia-Porcía (Asturias, Spain) is certified by the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC), being the first octopus fisher...
The new advances in production methods have led to an increase in aquaculture production to the extent that the industry can now aid traditional fishing in meeting the growing global demand for fish within the context of the depletion of fisheries' resources. In this new context, market competition has increased and the complexity of managing indus...
This paper extends the literature on price-integration in the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) market in Spain by shedding new light on established relationships using additional data allowing investigation of the importance of origin. Although the conclusions for the overall market are in the line of those previously reported for market integrati...
Despite the rapid growth in productivity and scale of business production of aquaculture companies in the last few years, their economic results have still experienced very high volatility. This can be partly explained by the increasing complexity of management issues and the strong changes in seafood consumption patterns. But, above all else, comp...
Production of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) and European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) is the second most important aquaculture industry in the European Union in value terms. During the last 10 years, the industry has experienced a process of industry concentration with the aim to overcome efficiency and profitability issues. However, the econ...
This work presents a Decision Support System (DSS) for fish farming in cages that determines the production strategies that maximize the present profits of the farming process. It is a model-driven cooperative DSS in which the cultivation process is simulated through a bioeconomic model that considers economic, environmental, biological and technic...
This work presents the results of price integration analysis in the gilthead seabream market in Spain (Sparus aurata). The main objective of this work is to analyze market delimitation and price transmission from the primary sector to the retail stage. It also aims to test the influence of international trade on domestic prices for different intra...
Economic criteria have traditionally been taken into account as the most important factor for the selection of the most suitable feed in aquaculture. However, currently, management decisions have become increasingly complex, taking into account issues such as environmental sustainability and product quality. In this regard, there is growing recogni...
The uprising of new business models within the sphere of social economy has led to the appearance of the term hybrid organizations, which pursue a social mission and sustain their operations through commercial activities. In this sense, those organizations compete not only on the quality of products or services but also on the capacity to have a so...
Through its structural funds the European Union (EU) has invested €1.17 billion in the aquaculture sector over the period 2000-2014. In addition, the EU plans to spend a further €1.72 billion on the sector over the period 2014-2020 through the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF). Despite this support, EU aquaculture production has not taken...
The 2018 Economic Report of the EU Aquaculture Sector provides a comprehensive overview of the latest information available on the production, economic value, structure and competitive performance of the sector at the national as well as the EU level for the years 2008 to 2016. The current report replaces previous aquaculture reports.
Commission Decision of 25 February 2016 setting up a Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries, C(2016) 1084, OJ C 74, 26.2.2016, p. 4–10. The Commission may consult the group on any matter relating to marine and fisheries biology, fishing gear technology, fisheries economics, fisheries governance, ecosystem effects of fisheries, a...
Commission Decision of 25 February 2016 setting up a Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries, C(2016) 1084, OJ C 74, 26.2.2016, p. 4–10. The Commission may consult the group on any matter relating to marine and fisheries biology, fishing gear technology, fisheries economics, fisheries governance, ecosystem effects of fisheries, a...
The economic aspets of tuna production significantly vary when shifting from the wild fishery to aquaculture. The farming industry has made significant biological and technical advances in recent years, but is still strongly dependent on catches as a source of livestock. However, the differences in production, management, and market orientation mak...
Bioeconomic models consist of the use of mathematics to model the behaviour of biological systems conditioned by biological, environmental, economic and technical factors. At present, market competitiveness in aquaculture is growing steadily and the amount of data that producers have to manage is increasing. In this context, bioeconomic models are...
This article presents the results of a price transmission analysis in the fresh wild fish market in Spain. Value chains of hake, anchovy and mackerel, were studied and two alternative methodologies were undertaken, one based in structural models for agricultural markets and the other analyzing cointegration across the prices at the different levels...
Optimization techniques inspired by Swarm Intelligence (SI) have become in-creasingly popular during the last two decades. These techniques are based on the idea that groups of extremely simple agents with little or no organization can exhibit complex and intelligent behavior by using simple local rules and communication mechanisms. Thanks to this...
This is the fourth EWG-14-10 report, on the Economic Performance of the European Union (EU) Aquaculture sector. It provides a comprehensive overview of the latest information available on the structure, social, economic and competitive performance of the aquaculture sector at both national and EU level. The data used in this publication was collect...
The 2014 Economic Report on the European Union (EU) fish processing industry provides a comprehensive overview of the latest information available on the structure and economic performance of the sector. The report has been produced by fisheries economists from the JRC and a group of economic experts convened under the Scientific, Technical and Eco...
In Europe, most frozen white fish fillets operate in an undifferentiated market. Although differences in quality and processing affect pricing, there is also competition across species and exporting countries. Analysis showed that prices for tilapia from the leading exporter China were not affected by any competitor, but pricing for tilapia from ot...
The purpose of this study is the economic optimisation of seabream farming through the determination of the production strategies that maximise the present operating profits of the cultivation process. The methodology applied is a particle swarm optimisation algorithm based on a bioeconomic model that simulates the process of seabream fattening. Th...
El objetivo de esta investigación es doble. En primer lugar, se realiza un análisis descriptivo
sobre la implantación del ecoetiquetado en las empresas españolas de la cadena de valor
(producción, procesado y comercialización) de productos pesqueros y acuícolas contrastando
si las empresas que lideran este proceso son las más consolidadas y competi...
The economic performance of gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata, aquaculture in Mediterranean countries is not homogeneous despite the availability of a universalized technology and the absence of trade barriers. Differences in competitiveness among aquaculture facilities result, in part, from economic and environmental factors, which are conditioned...
Ecolabels of fishery and aquaculture products are certificates granted to products that have been obtained generating the least possible impact on marine ecosystems. In the fishing and aquaculture industry this trend has resulted in the emergence of organizations that have developed a set of standards in order to certify those fisheries or products...
El presente trabajo aborda la competitividad de las empresas acuícolas desde la perspectiva de la gestión de operaciones con el objetivo de contribuir a la mejora de la eficiencia de los procesos de cultivo. Tras identificar los principales factores que determinan la competitividad de los procesos acuícolas a través de una revisión de literatura, s...
Ecolabels of fishery and aquaculture products are certificates granted to products that have been obtained generating the least possible impact on marine ecosystems. In the fishing and aquaculture industry this trend has resulted in the emergence of organizations that have developed a set of standards in order to certify those fisheries or products...
Seabream aquaculture is one of the main aquaculture species in the Mediterranean Sea. However, despite the growing demand in the markets, since the beginning of the last decade have occurred successive supply shocks which have affected differently in the main production areas and caused the bankruptcy of many businesses. The location of production...
El mercado de los productos de la pesca y la acuicultura en España ha sido escenario de cambios signifi cativos como consecuencia del proceso de globalización de la economía. El crecimiento de las importaciones de productos acuícolas, el incremento del coste de las materias primas y la importancia cada vez mayor del precio en la decisión de compra,...
Con el objetivo de proporcionar a las empresas del sector acuícola información que les permita valorar las oportunidades y las posibilidades de emprender una actividad exportadora a los diferentes países europeos, este grupo de autores diseñó e implementó un sistema de seguimiento de mercados. Recabaron para ello, información comercial en 10 grande...
The aim of this research is to perform on the one hand a descriptive analysis of the implementation of ecolabels on fishery and aquaculture products by Spanish companies of the fish and seafood industry, and in the other hand a causal analysis to explain the effect of the ecolabeling on the firms’ performance (profitability and market share).
Fraudulent mislabeling in the seafood supply chain usually involves substitution of wild species with farmed, and misidentification of common fish as more exotic species. A survey of Spanish households found confusion in how Pangasius fillets were named, labeled and marketed. As expected, consumers paid more
when the fillets were sold as flounder....
El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar cómo inciden los factores biológicos, técnicos, medioambientales
y económicos en la rentabilidad de las empresas de piscicultura. Para ello se contrasta, con técnicas de análisis multivariante, un modelo empírico utilizando datos de empresas españolas de cría de dorada y lubina en el periodo 2005/2007. Los re...
In a review of hundreds of prawn sales offerings, four factors were found to help prawns obtain above average prices in the Spanish market. The most relevant was wild origin, which caused significant price increases in almost all cases. Brand was the second most important factor contributing to higher prices.
Larger prawns with higher prices were p...
Since the seafood demand functions are assumed to be elastic, price becomes the most relevant competing variable. However, neither the species are the same in terms of costs nor consumer preferences are homogeneous. As a consequence, different prices are found in the market for, apparently, similar products. The role of a set of factors affecting t...
Consumers’ lack of familiarity with aquaculture products and farm practices can cause aversion to farmed
seafood. Surveys in Spain found that consumers who ate seafood at restaurants knew more about farmed species and ate more cultured seafood than those who only ate seafood at home. Inclusion of aquaculture products on restaurant menus helps incre...
Results of a consumer study in Spain suggested that those with greater knowledge of aquaculture products
were more accepting of farmed seafood as part of their food preferences. The main driver for consumer preferences was the low price of farmed species, which balanced less positive scores for quality. Safety perceptions showed no significance for...
The entry of Pangasius into the E.U. market changed the equilibrium for imported frozen fish fillets. Pangasius is displacing traditional species like cod and hake. In a study, the largest levels of cointegration among species and exporting countries were found in a group including the five top non-European exporters of fish fillets to the E.U. Exp...
Spain is one of the largest European markets in terms of seafood consumption, as well as a relevant aquaculture producer. Although Spanish aquaculture is, by far, dominated by shellfish, the amount of domestic farmed fish increased in the last decade at a 51% rate according to national official sources. However, this trend is not extensible to all...
With the increasing European consumption of seafood and the appearance of new products such as Pangasius, sea bream and seabass have become undifferentiated products with slipping sales. To reestablish their position will require processing that allows consumers to more effectively identify the products and differentiate their quality. The differen...
Based on the evoked set analysis, a group of factors driving knowledge and preferences about fish farmed species are investigated with three different samples. Samples were collected in Spain, into a nationwide study about knowledge and assessments about aquaculture, funded by the General Secretary of Marine Fisheries of the Spanish Ministry of Agr...
The authors recently conducted a study in which 3- to 5-year-old pupils were introduced to seafood safety and sustainability. The study used cartoon logos to identify the two concepts and ideas associated with them. While both cartoons were identically important before the instruction on seafood began, the
logo for safety grew in importance to olde...
A group of 75 children from 3 to 5 years old from the earliest stages of a Spanish school were the target of an experimental test focused on the consequences of providing information about safety and fisheries sustainability on their preferences when choosing between different seafood presentations and labels. Both concepts were associated with two...
Consumer beliefs about the safety and sustainability of aquaculture are statistically related concepts
that allow their reduction into a single attitude index. As consumers further identify safety and sustainability
in the aquaculture, their opinions about farmed seafood tend to become more favorable. The industry can benefit by assuring that both...
The breeding of gilthead seabream demands the adoption of complex decisions because of the great amount of factors which have to be considered simultaneously, among which the election of the young fish weight, and the moment of spreading and harvesting to the commercialization of the product in the market can be pointed out. This decision impacts o...
The results obtained by gilthead seabream and european seabass breeding companies don´t match with the expected ones in an increasing market which is an indicador of the complexity in management where biological, environmental and economical factors interact. The target of this work is, in the first place, to identify relevant variables in the bree...
La correcta planificación de los procesos de producción en explotaciones acuícolas es un problema de enorme complejidad, debido al gran número de factores que intervienen, entre los que destacan la elección del peso del alevín y del momento de siembra y el momento de despesque para la comercialización del producto en el mercado. En este trabajo se...
Projects
Projects (2)
The conference is intended to provide a forum for the dissemination of recent advances in capture fisheries and aquaculture economics and management and to promote discussion amongst researchers, managers, policy makers and other stakeholders in the fisheries sector. The conference also aims to contribute to the ongoing discussion within the review of the Common Fishery Policy.
SUCCESS addresses an important topic of the H2020 Strategy: Consolidating the economic sustainability and competitiveness of European fisheries and aquaculture sectors to reap the potential of seafood markets. This project is included in the Blue Growth Strategy, defined by the European Commission as “a long term strategy to support sustainable growth in the marine and maritime sectors as a whole”. The marine supplies have a great potential for innovation and growth and the maritime contribution is going to achieve the goals of the Europe 2020 Strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth.
