Ignacio Cabib

Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile | UC · Institute of Sociology & Department of Public Health

How are gendered work–family life courses associated with financial well-being in retirement? In this article we compare the cohorts born 1920–1950 in West Germany and Switzerland, whose adult life courses are characterized by similar strong male-breadwinner contexts in both countries. The countries differ in that Switzerland represented a liberal...

Objective: We adopt a cross-national comparative perspective to assess the labor market experiences of older adults in the years leading up to and beyond the full pension age (FPA) and their association with health in diverse welfare state contexts. Method: We work with a harmonized pooled-country dataset of 12 nations to model individuals’ employ...

Recent institutional and cultural changes have allowed individuals to gradually (but persistently) follow more complex, less uniform, and less predictable work and family patterns than the patterns often assumed to be the norm in Western settings. However, we identify important gaps in this literature: (i) a persistent focus on high-income countrie...

Despite lacking policies targeting the extension of working life, Chile is the Latin American country that has exhibited the largest increase in the labor force participation rate of people aged 65+ in the last two decades. In this research, following an analytical framework on regulation of endogenous uncertainty and relying on rich qualitative da...

We explore the association between adulthood employment patterns and later life health among men and women in four liberal regime countries: two from Europe (England and Switzerland) and two from the Americas (United States and Chile). We carefully harmonized life-history data from the surveys SHARE (N=1,143), HRS (N=4,006), ELSA (N=3,083), and EVD...

In this debate article, we examine how the growth and consolidation of life course research –a field experiencing a “golden age” according to Ferraro and Shafer (2017)– has enriched our understanding of social vulnerability in Latin America and the Caribbean (LA&C). Our examination of life course and vulnerability studies aims to provide insights o...

A pesar de no contar con ninguna de las medidas institucionales destinadas a fomentar la extensión de la vida laboral que observamos típicamente en países desarrollados, Chile es el país latinoamericano en donde ha crecido más aceleradamente la participación laboral de personas mayores en las últimas dos décadas. Considerando el contexto laboral y...

In this study, we examine residential trajectories since birth among older adults in the Santiago Metropolitan Area, Chile, and their association with health outcomes. We linked retrospective residential information for a sample of 802 individuals aged 65-75 in 2019 to context-based information from decennial censuses. Our analysis reveals substant...

Bringing together 150+ scholars and practitioners from 50+ countries, and funded by the European Commission, COST Action LeverAge (https://www.cost.eu/actions/CA22120/) is the first network-building project of its kind in the work and organizational psychology and human resource management (WOP/HRM) aspects of work and aging. Focused on the aging w...

Objectives Despite the advances in understanding the complex association between functional abilities and mental health in old age, studies have overlooked two important aspects. First, traditionally, research has employed cross-sectional designs, measuring limitations at a single time point. Second, most gerontological studies on this field have b...

Non-standard forms of employment, such as self-employment, are among the most prevalent routes for older people to access the workforce. While the financial benefits of any form of self-employment in later life have been widely acknowledged, less is known about their impact on health. This study explores the association between self-employment and...

Background In recent decades, many countries have observed increasing labor force participation beyond the state pension age (SPA). However, there is a lack of research on employment beyond SPA and how it relates to older workers’ health. Moreover, there is a need to better understand how institutional factors affect the relationship between older...

Objectives: Based on a life-course approach, the purpose of this study is to analyze how the age at the birth of a first child moderates the relationship between childhood socioeconomic position (SEP) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) incidence in old age, separately for women and men. Methods: We used a rich and representative life history survey...

Relying on a life course perspective, we explored the association between childhood socioeconomic position (SEP), adulthood employment trajectories, and their interactions, with different domains of functional limitations among older people in Chile. We used data from a face-to-face, comprehensive and representative life history survey of older peo...

Background: This life course study has two aims. First, to explore how diverse employment trajectories across adulthood are related to older people's mental health in Chile, a country with no research in this field, and second, to analyze these associations before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We use data from the nation...

A pesar del notorio incremento de investigaciones sociológicas cuantitativas que usan el análisis de secuencias para explorar el aumento de diversidad y complejidad de trayectorias de vida, este campo de estudio se ha concentrado principalmente en sociedades occidentales de Europa y Norteamérica. Este artículo ofrece una introducción al análisis de...

Objective This study examines long‐term trajectories of intergenerational coresidence (IC) among a cohort of individuals aged 65 and 75 in Chile, focusing on their diversity, prevalence, internal dynamism, and sociodemographic characteristics. Background IC is comparatively high in Latin America and is related to both family norms and social vulne...

In this exploratory study, we examine how older workers' part-time employment and health are associated in four countries promoting this type of employment in late careers but with a different welfare regime: the United States, Germany, Sweden, and Italy. Using data from two large representative panel surveys and conducting multichannel sequence an...

A significant research gap on socioeconomic determinants of oral health among older persons is that socioeconomic indicators, like employment status, have essentially been problematized and measured using a cross-sectional approach. Based on a life course approach, and using data from a population-representative, face-to-face and longitudinal-retro...

In order to capture the rapidly changing reality of older workers, it is important to study retirement not as a one-off transition, but rather as a series of diverse pathways that unfold during the period before and after reaching the full retirement age. The retirement transitions of men and women have been shown to vary widely according to indivi...

Objectives: Reconstruct types of simultaneous stress trajectories in the family and employment domain at different stages of life and estimate their association with cerebrovascular accident (CVA) in old age. Methods: We used a retrospective, face-to-face, representative survey of people aged 65 to 75 years in the city of Santiago, Chile, (n = 8...

Background: We identify representative types of simultaneous tobacco use and alcohol consumption trajectories across the life course and estimate their association with cardiovascular and chronic respiratory diseases (CVDs and CRDs) among older people in Chile. Methods: We used data from a population-representative, face-to-face and longitudinal-...

Objectives: Despite the enormous advances in the field, most evidence about functional ability trajectories in old age comes from studies conducted in developed and high-income countries. This research aims to build on these previous advances to examine functional ability trajectories in Chile. Methods: Drawing on a robust, publicly available 15-y...

Objectives: Over the last decade, an increasing number of empirical studies have examined long-term patterns of depression among adults around retirement age and identified employment status as a crucial determinant. However, most research has examined associations between cross-sectional measures of employment and prospective depression patterns,...

Background: As elsewhere, in Chile the COVID-19 affected disproportionately older people, and particularly people living in long-term care facilities. Considering this problem, the Government issued a series of guidelines and protocols to prevent and manage COVID-19 outbreaks in these facilities. Methods: This study aims to identify barriers and en...

Drawing on life course theory and research, we explored how socioeconomic circumstances during childhood and adulthood shape self-reported health trajectories among older Mexican adults. We used data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study panel survey (2001–2015) and used sequence analysis to estimate types of self-reported health trajectories in...

Despite the great advances of life course epidemiology studies during the last decade in understanding the general health effects of employment trajectories, research has yet to evaluate the effects of employment trajectories along with other major risk factors, such as tobacco and alcohol consumption, on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)—the main cau...

The proportion of individuals extending their working lives beyond full pension age (FPA) has increased considerably over the last twenty years worldwide. Most research on the extension of working lives has examined what determines whether older people remain attached to the labor market, neglecting the diversity of their labor force statuses. Also...

Background The COVID-19 affected disproportionately older people, and particularly people living in long-term care facilities. Considering this problem, the Chilean government issued a series of guidelines and protocols to prevent and manage COVID-19 outbreaks in these facilities. Methods This study aims to identify barriers and enablers that affec...

Objective: Provide a synthesis of the COVID-19 policies targeting older people in Chile, stressing their short- and long-term challenges. Method: Critical analysis of the current legal and policy measures, based on national-level data and international experiences. Results: Although several policies have been enacted to protect older people from...

This volume addresses the current debate on extended working life policy by considering the influence of gender and health on the experiences of older workers. Bringing together an international team of scholars, it tackles issues as gender, health status and job/ occupational characteristics that structure the capacity and outcomes associated with...

During the last three decades Chile has experienced an unprecedented demographic transition due to increased life expectancy and decreased childbirth. This is expected to cause important challenges to economic, health and cultural dimensions among older people in Chile. Furthermore, this is a developing country characterised by a liberal labour mar...

This volume addresses the current debate on extended working life policy by considering the influence of gender and health on the experiences of older workers. Bringing together an international team of scholars, it tackles issues as gender, health status and job/ occupational characteristics that structure the capacity and outcomes associated with...

The success of private pension systems to provide old-age security is mainly a function of continuous individual pension contributions linked to formal employment. Using a rich longitudinal dataset from Chile and employing sequence analysis, this study examines the pension contribution histories and formal employment pathways of a cohort of individ...

We examine how both the welfare regime and health affect retirement trajectories in countries with flexible retirement policies using longitudinal methods and harmonized panel data from two social-democratic (Sweden and Denmark) and two liberal welfare regimes (Chile and the United States). An early retirement trajectory, which represents retiremen...

Objectives: Based on a life course perspective, we assessed the association between three types of social advantages and disadvantages accumulated across different life stages, with the number of self-reported chronic conditions among women aged 60 + in Chile, a Latin-American country with almost no reports on this matter. Methods: We used a popul...

Basados en evidencia empírica nacional e internacional, en el presente artículo planteamos una discusión sobre diferentes dimensiones involucradas en las políticas que buscan incentivar el empleo en personas mayores y aplazar la transición a la jubilación en Chile. En concreto, en primer lugar discutimos la actual participación laboral de hombres y...

The period of young adulthood is a decisive stage for women’s employment pathways. Individual characteristics (e.g. marriage, parenting, education) and contextual factors (e.g. decommodification, defamilialisation, labour market flexibility) play a significant role in shaping work trajectories during these years. However, due to cultural, social, a...

Objective: This study analyzes the dynamic association between retirement sequences and activities of daily living (ADLs) trajectories between ages 60 and 70. Method: Retirement sequences previously established for 7,880 older Americans from the Health and Retirement Study were used in hierarchical linear and propensity score full matching model...

Background: Traditional factors leave substantial risk for incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) unexplained. Recent literature addressing this limitation identifies non-traditional risk factors, such as depression and clinical biomarkers. This study explored retirement sequences as a new non-traditional risk factor for CVD among older Americans. M...

This paper contributes to a body of work which examines how women’s work orientations and evaluations of their paid work change over the life course. We analysed interview transcripts for a sub-sample of 110 women drawn from the National Child Development Study (1958 British birth cohort). The paper focuses on retrospective evaluations of the worki...

Using a life course approach to look at trajectories and transitions in context, this study explores the association between late careers and health in the United States (US) and the United Kingdom (UK). We hypothesize that precarious retirement sequences are associated with worse health in old age and that this correlation is stronger in the US th...

Numerous policy reforms in the 21 century have tried to extend working lives without paying enough attention to the gendered nature of late careers. Combining a life-course approach with sequence analysis techniques, this study empirically explores how gendered are late careers in the United States and the United Kingdom. Drawing on data for the la...

The prevalence of alcohol consumption and its effects on mortality and morbidity have received substantial attention. Most of the evidence is based on single-country studies or in comparative studies of the general population. In contrast, comparative estimates of the prevalence of alcohol consumption among older adults have received less attention...

Purpose of the study: A destandardization of labor-force patterns revolving around retirement has been observed in recent literature. It is unclear, however, to which degree and of which kind. This study looked at sequences rather than individual statuses or transitions and argued that differentiating older Americans' retirement sequences by type,...

Considering both the retirement income crunch and the dramatic increase in life expectancy, promoting active aging policies appears to be an attractive option worldwide. In this current frame, Switzerland corresponds to a country with institutional incentives not only for an active aging life but also for early retirement. Moreover, Switzerland has...

In Switzerland, as in many other European states, there is an increasing emphasis in public policy on promoting later retirement from the labour market. But this accelerating drive in Swiss policy-making to extend occupational activity does not mean that every worker is currently likely to retire late, nor does it imply that all those who do retire...

Históricamente, el debate sobre el envejecimiento ha estado excesivamente centrado en sus elementos negativos. Aunque las políticas previsionales y de salud son fundamentales, el énfasis en los jubilados y enfermos ha llevado a pensar en las personas mayores como consumidores o cargas y no como productores o recursos valiosos para la sociedad

How are employment and family experiences simultaneously linked to the timing of retirement? Based on a life course perspective, this article aims to understand the way in which different work and family statuses accumulated throughout adult life, lead to early, on-time, or late withdrawals from the labor market. We focused on Switzerland, a countr...

Este artículo busca delinear un marco teórico sociológico que otorgue sentido al modo en que los museos de arte responden a problemas de acceso y de inclusión social. Para ello asume la teoría de la diferenciación y la exclusión social desarrollada por Niklas Luhmann en el marco más general de su teoría de sistemas sociales. Se analizó el caso de u...

Late career is often seen as a more vulnerable life-stage in the labour market, in which workers may experience a deterioration in job quality. Using a life course perspective and longitudinal data, this article analyses the vulnerability associated with late career by focusing on four occupational dimensions: working-time, career continuity, retir...

Durante el año 2011, Chile fue lugar de una serie de manifestaciones estudiantiles que demandaban mayor equidad en el acceso a la educación superior. La alta aprobación ciudadana de estas demandas (llegando a un 89%) parece sugerir la existencia de un gran consenso acerca de la debilidad del modelo educacional que existe en Chile, el que no cumplir...

Life course sociology corresponds to an area of study traditionally interested in the analysis of vulnerability during early and middle adulthood careers. Yet, given an increasing attention over the last occupational period in Western countries, the current article aims to analyze the vulnerability confronted in late careers, focusing specifically...

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The educational sphere has an internal function relatively agreed by social scientists. Nonetheless, the contribution that educational systems provide to the society (i.e., their social function) does not have the same degree of consensus. Taking into consideration such theoretical precedent, the current article raises an analytical schema to grasp...

Resumen: Chile es uno de los países con mayor concentración del ingreso a nivel mun-dial. Dada la relación entre alta desigualdad económica y patrones de estratificación social, en tal contexto se esperaría una alta dispersión de las percepciones respecto del propio estatus o estatus social subjetivo. Sin embargo, la evidencia internacional señala...

Las creencias respecto de cómo deberían distribuirse los bienes y recursos en la sociedad constituyen un elemento central de la identificación con partidos políticos. En este sentido, sería esperable que las preferencias por un rol más o menos activo del Estado en la redistribución se relacionara con distintas identificaciones partidarias y con el...

Beliefs about how goods and resources should be distributed in society constitute a central element in the identification with political parties. In this sense, the preference for a more or less active role of the state in redistribution is expected to be related with different party identifications and with the left-right continuum. The present ar...

En el discurso público comúnmente se asume que Chile es un país solidario, un supuesto que se confunde con la ideade una cierta homogeneidad en lo que respecta a valores solidarios y conductas de ayuda en el país. El presente trabajo apunta acuestionar esta idea de homogeneidad respecto de solidaridad, proponiendo que las conductas solidarias se re...

Solidarity, understood as a social and communicative operationdestined to maintain people’s cohesion in the context of modern society, evidencesthe permanence of a stratified social order that produces exclusion from certainsocial rights. This article attempts to further discuss this definition by offering anempirical and multidimensional analysis...

Este artículo analiza el fenómeno migratorio intrarregional abor-dando dinámicas de inclusión social informal al interior del sistema laboral. A partir del análisis de 32 relatos de vida a inmigrantes peruanos que han ascendidolaboralmente en Chile, se propone que la baja ubicación de peruanos en el sistemade estratificación social chileno, condici...

La solidaridad, entendida como una operación social y comunicativa destinada a mantener la cohesiónde las personas en el marco de la sociedad moderna, pone en evidencia la permanencia de un orden social estratificado que produce exclusión de ciertos derechos sociales. El presente artículo, intenta discutir más a fondo esta definiciónofreciendo un a...

Los rendimientos escolares que mide cada año el SIMCE, muestran resultados que se diferencian en función de diversos atributos sociales. La mayor parte de los estudios referidos a este tema, evidencian resultados estructurados en función de la clase social. La presente investigación amplía el análisis de clase a una forma adicional de estratificaci...

La selección estudiantil que realizan las escuelas corresponde a un mecanismo de inclusión y exclusión que normalmente se superpone a las expectativas de elección escolar de los padres. A partir de los datos de la Encuesta a Padres 2006 (n= 188.073), realizada por el Ministerio de Educación de Chile, este artículo describe las razones que articulan...