
Iddya KarunasagarNitte University · Biomedical Sciences
Iddya Karunasagar
Ph.D
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358
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Introduction
Publications
Publications (358)
Le commerce international est le principal moteur de la croissance rapide qu’a connue la conchyliculture des mollusques bivalves au cours des six dernières décennies, avec une production qui est passée d’un peu moins d’un million de tonnes en 1950 à 16,1 millions de tonnes en 2015. Reconnaissant l’ampleur du commerce de ces produits, la Commission...
Pathogenic bacteria in food cause a considerable number of diseases of global concern with a serious impact on the human health and the economy of a country. In order to ensure microbial food safety, several preservatives are used in foods. The undesirable side effects of these chemical preservatives on human well-being have increased the consumers...
Human breath analysis provides a non-invasive and fast method for identifying numerous volatile organic compounds that are disease markers. Breath analysis on a small device that is connected to the Internet of Things and uses chemi-resistive semiconductor with extremely low energy usage will build new roads for detection of diseases and monitoring...
Breath sensors have the potential to transform medical diagnostics by providing non-invasive and customised on-demand detection and monitoring of health indicators. The nanostructured film's gas sensing capacity is impressive in terms of response time, detection limit, & reversibility. In this work, we present advances in the detection of trace lev...
International trade has been the main driving factor for the rapid growth of the bivalve mollusc production industry during the last six decades, growing from nearly one million tonnes in 1950 to 16.1 million tonnes in 2015. In recognition of the extensive trade of this commodity the Codex Alimentarius Commission has developed a Standard for Live a...
El comercio internacional ha sido el principal factor del rápido crecimiento experimentado por el sector de la producción de moluscos bivalvos durante los últimos seis decenios, que ha aumentado de alrededor de un millón de toneladas en 1950 a 16,1 millones en 2015. En reconocimiento del amplio comercio de este producto, la Comisión del Codex Alime...
The acronym ESKAPE refers to a group of bacteria consisting of Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. They are important in human medicine as pathogens that show increasing resistance to commonly used antibiotics; thus, the search for new effective b...
The study focuses on utilization of solid visceral waste from ribbon fish in preparation of protein hydrolysates, possessing bioactive properties. Three different proteolytic enzymes (alcalase 2.4 U/g, flavourzyme 500 U/g, and papain 1 U/mL) were used to standardize the preparation of visceral waste protein hydrolysates (VPH) in comparison to muscl...
In Singapore during 2015, Group B Streptococcus (GBS) sequence type 283 (ST283) caused the only reported foodborne outbreak of invasive GBS disease. Over 20 percent of cases were healthy adults without comorbidities, which is unusual for GBS. The outbreak was linked to the consumption of raw freshwater fish. Subsequent investigations found that ST2...
In Singapore during 2015, Group B Streptococcus (GBS) sequence type 283 (ST283) caused the only reported foodborne outbreak of invasive GBS disease. Over 20 percent of cases were healthy adults without comorbidities, which is unusual for GBS. The outbreak was linked to the consumption of raw freshwater fish.
Subsequent investigations found that ST...
This document provides guidance on undertaking risk assessment of all microbial hazards which may adversely affect human health in foods along a food chain. This document is also intended to provide practical guidance on a structured framework for carrying out risk assessment of microbiological hazards in foods, focussing on the four components inc...
Objectives
Due to the surge in the demand for N95 masks during the current pandemic of Covid-19, and considering the situation in countries grappling with acute shortages in N95 masks, we investigated the possibilities of decontamination and reuse.
Methods
Three N95 masks of different makes (A, B and C), were subjected to 6 decontamination methods...
Bacterial cells adopt various strategies to adapt themselves in diverse environmental conditions. Salmonella is one such bacteria with diverse mechanisms to survive, replicate and infect in wide host range. This study aims at investigating the biofilm-forming ability of multidrug-resistant and sensitive Salmonella serovars on exposure to bile. Anti...
White tail disease (WTD) is a disease of Macrobrachium rosenbergii caused by Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) and extra small virus (XSV) with the potential to devastate the aquaculture industry. The present study aimed to explore the possible protection of M. rosenbergii against the disease by oral administration of bacterially expressed...
The envelope glycoprotein (E) is the smallest structural component of SARS-CoVs; plays an essential role in the viral replication starting from envelope formation to assembly. The in silico analysis of 2086 whole genome sequences from India performed in this study provides the first observation on the extensive deletion of amino acid residues in th...
Purpose : Salmonella infections continue to be a global problem with millions of humans and animal cases occurring annually. Broiler chicken plays a significant role causing Salmonella infections in Sri Lanka. Consumption of food contaminated with antimicrobial resistant Salmonella aggravates the problem. This study isolated, identified, and seroty...
6 Pan genomic analysis of the global SARS-CoV-2 isolates has resulted in the identification of 7 several regions of increased genetic variation but there is absence of research on its 8 association with the clinical outcome. The present study fills the vacuum and does mutational 9 analysis of genomic sequence of Indian SARS-CoV-2 isolates. Results...
Bacterial cells adopt various strategies to adapt themselves in diverse environmental conditions. Salmonella is one such bacteria with diverse mechanisms to survive, replicate and infect in wide host range. This study aims at investigating the biofilm-forming ability of multidrug-resistant and sensitive Salmonella serovars on exposure to bile. Anti...
Rome, 19-23 November 2018, Food Safety and Quality Series, 9
Bondad-Reantaso MG, Mackinnon B, Hao B, Huang J, Tang-Nelson K, Surachetpong W, Alday-Sanz V, Salman M, Brun E, Karunasagar I, Hanson L, Sumption K, Barange M, Lovatelli A, Sunarto A, Fejzic N, Subasinghe R, Mathiesen ÁM, Shariff M. (2020). Viewpoint: SARS-CoV-2 (the cause of COVID-19 in humans) is not known to infect aquatic food animals nor conta...
Lutein, a potent dietary carotenoid, has considerable biological activity and confers protection against age-related macular degeneration. Its bioavailability following consumption, however, depends on its rate of degradation. Nanodelivery systems with improved efficacy and stability are currently being developed to increase the bioavailability of...
Background(/Objective)
A sixty-three year old man, a known case of Type II Diabetes since 7 years, chronic kidney disease (CKD) with hypertension since 18
months presented with sudden onset of breathlessness and fever for 3 days. The patient received meropenem following a positive blood
culture but succumbed 4 days after admission. He had progressi...
Bacterial resistance to drugs is an increasing threat to the human community. In recent times the resistance of Gram-negative bacteria to several classes of drug such as beta lactams, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides and colistin is gaining importance as it is involved in severe health complications in humans. In addition, many reports suggest the...
These Technical Guidelines on the Prudent and Responsible Use of Veterinary Medicines in Aquaculture (No. 5 Suppl. 8) are developed to support Section 9 – Aquaculture Development of FAO’s Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF) and The FAO Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance 2016–2020. They also support the international aquatic animal...
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the important opportunistic pathogens causing life
threatening nosocomial infections. Both clinical and environmental isolates can be considered
potential pathogens due to the conservation of some of the virulence genes. Present study aimed
at evaluating the prevalence and diversity of some of the virulence genes am...
The rising interest to utilize nutritionally exorbitant fish proteins has instigated research activities in fish waste utilization. The development of newer technologies to utilize fish waste has fostered use of bioactive value-added products for specific health benefits. Enzymatically obtained Fish Protein Hydrolysate (FPH) is a rich source of bio...
The rising interest to utilize nutritionally exorbitant fish proteins has instigated research activities in fish waste utilization. The development of newer technologies to utilize fish waste has fostered use of bioactive value-added products for specific health benefits. Enzymatically obtained Fish Protein Hydrolysate (FPH) is a rich source of bio...
Vibrio vulnificus is a Gram-negative, opportunistic human pathogen capable of causing life-threatening septicaemia, wound infections and gastroenteritis especially in immuno-compromised individuals. In the present study, we report two cases of V. vulnificus associated wound infection in diabetic patients. The pathogen was detected by using polymera...
Microbial community management in aquaculture creates benefits at the nutritional as well as at health level for cultured species. In addition, in case of biofloc application, it allows to link species at different trophic levels, making bioflocs the potential link in integrated multispecies aquaculture.
Emergence of multidrug resistant nontyphoidal Salmonella is a major health concern worldwide due to the predominant occurrence of Salmonella enterica sub-species enterica serovar Typhimurium phage type 104 (DT104) conferring resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulphonamide and tetracycline. Apart from antibiotic resistance, the...
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a Gram-negative, halophilic bacterium autochthonous to the marine environments and responsible for seafood-borne gastroenteritis. Though the hemolysins TDH and/or TRH are classical virulence factors, several other potential virulence factors may contribute to their pathogenicity. In this study, V. parahaemolyticus was iso...
The Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Agreement under the World Trade Organisation (WTO) provides the right to member countries trading in food commodities to take measures to protect plant, animal and human health. However, these measures cannot be arbitrary, but should be based on scientific risk assessments performed according to international st...
Background Seafood toxins pose an important risk to human health, and maximum levels were imposed by regulatory authorities throughout the world. Several toxin groups are known, each one with many analogues of the major toxin. Regulatory limits are set to ensure that commercially available seafood is not contaminated with unsafe levels. Scope and a...
Studies on the responses of tropical microbial communities to changing hydrographic conditions are poorly represented. We present here the results from a mesocosm experiment conducted in coastal southwestern India to investigate how changes in temperature and salinity may affect a coastal tropical microbial community. The onset of algal and bacteri...
Type III secretion systems enable pathogens to inject their virulence factors directly into the cytoplasm of the host cells. The type III secretion system of Vibrio harveyi, a major pathogen of aquatic organisms and a model species in quorum sensing studies, is repressed by the quorum sensing master regulator LuxR. In this study, we found that duri...
Expression of the type III secretion genes vopD, vcrD and vscP in wild type V. harveyi and quorum sensing mutants.
Expression of the type III secretion genes vopD, vcrD and vscP in wild type V. harveyi and mutants with the quorum sensing system locked in high cell density configuration (QSc) and the quorum sensing system locked in low cell density...
ABSTRACT The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance has become a global public health problem and the indiscriminate use of antibiotics contributes to the dissemination of resistant pathogens in the environment. The objective of the present study is isolation and detection of ESBL (Extended Spectrum β-lactamase) - producing E coli present...
Crustaceans have a powerful non-specific immune mechanism that responds to pathogen invasion and together with cellular responses, generates powerful humoral factors such as antimicrobial peptides. Crustins are a diverse class of antimicrobial peptides that are expressed by the circulating haemocytes of crustaceans. Several isoforms of this molecul...
Campylobacter fetus
is a Gram-negative bacterium that has caused several cases of human and animal disease. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
C. fetus
MMM01, isolated from the blood of a 60-year-old patient with type II diabetes and chronic kidney disease. The sequence has a total length of 1,740,393 bp and an average G+C content of 33.1...
To investigate the differential expression of virulence genes and role of gyrA mutations in quinolone resistant and susceptible strains of Salmonella isolated from seafood.
Forty Salmonella isolates from seafood were tested for antibiotic sensitivity. MIC was determined and two nalidixic acid resistant isolates, viz Salmonella Weltevreden (SW9) and...
Dentures are inert and nonshading surfaces and therefore get easily colonized by Candida species. Subsequent biofilm produced by them lead to denture stomatitis and candidiasis. This study was aimed to understand the prevalence of Candida species among healthy denture and nondenture wearers with respect to their age and hygiene status. Swabs were c...
In the present study, autotrophic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) were isolated and characterized from a fish processing effluent treatment plant. Sequencing of 16S rRNA gene showed AOB affiliation to Nitrosomonas marina, Nitrosomonas nitrosa and Nitrosospira lineages of Betaproteobacteria. The isolates were further confirmed with using ammonia mo...
Three isolates viz. Lysinibacillus sp. HT13, Alcaligenes sp. HT15 and Proteus sp. HT37 isolated from fish processing effluent and having a C/N ratio of 2, removed 218, 169, and 400 µg cell(-1) day(-1) NH4 (+) -N, respectively without subsequent build up of nitrite or nitrate. Ability of the selected isolates in removing NH4 (+) -N, NO2 (-) -N, and...
The Toll-like receptors (TLR), being pattern recognition molecules, are a powerful first line of defense in response to pathogen invasion. They are known to play a crucial role in detecting and binding to the microbial molecule and triggering a non-specific immune response. Quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) expression of the TLR gene was studied in...
Archaea were traditionally considered extremophiles. The discovery and further understanding of ammonia oxidizing archaea (AoAs) have changed this concept. They are now known to be ubiquitous and can live in unusual environment. Culture of ammonia oxidizing archaea is very difficult. They have been so far reported in enrichment eight times around t...
According to FAO statistics, aquaculture is contributing to nearly half of the global food fish production. Fish contributes to both nutritional and food security in many developing economies. Fish is also one of the most extensively traded food commodities; most of global aquaculture production takes place in developing countries and the major mar...
This study aimed to detect and characterize Extended-Spectrum -lactamase
(ESBL) and non-ESBL producing Escherichia coli from untreated effluents let out
from hospitals and fish processing plants in Mangalore, India. Isolates were
phenotypically tested for ESBL production, resistance to ACCoT (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, tetracycli...
This study aimed to detect and characterize Extended-Spectrum-lactamase (ESBL) and non-ESBL producing Escherichia coli from untreated effluents let out from hospitals and fish processing plants in Mangalore, India. Isolates were phenotypically tested for ESBL production, resistance to ACCoT (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, tetracycline...
This study aimed to detect and characterize Extended-Spectrum-lactamase (ESBL) and non-ESBL producing Escherichia coli from untreated effluents let out from hospitals and fish processing plants in Mangalore, India. Isolates were phenotypically tested for ESBL production, resistance to ACCoT (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, tetracycline...
Hunger and malnutrition are the world’s most devastating problems and are inextricably linked to poverty. A total of 842 million people in 2011-13, or around one in eight people in the world, were estimated to be suffering from chronic hunger, regularly not getting enough food to conduct an active life (FAO, IFAD and WFP 2013). The same report, The...
Pure cultures of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were obtained from the haemolymph of moribund shrimp following disease outbreak and mass mortality in the east coast of India during October to November 2013. The organism could not be found in haemolymph of healthy animals from farms in east and west coasts of India. All the isolates were negative for virul...
The outer membrane protein K, OmpK first identified in Vibrio parahaemolyticus has been shown to be a receptor for a broad host range vibriophage KVP40 infecting members of the Vibrionaceae. In the study, the effect of culture conditions on the expression of ompK in V. anguillarum was studied using real-time PCR. The expression increased significan...
Ammonia oxidation is the rate limiting step in
nitrification and thus have an important role in removal of
ammonia in natural and engineered systems with participation
of both ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and
ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). However, their relative
distribution and activity in fish processing effluent
treatment plants (FPETPs)...
Global trade in bivalve molluscan species has been increasing at a significant rate and in 2010; global production of molluscs (excluding fresh water molluscs and cephalopods) reached 14.6 million tonnes, of which 12.9 million tonnes came from aquaculture. Total bivalve trade has expanded continuously during the past three decades to reach US$ 2.1...
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a seafood-borne pathogen autochthonous to the marine and estuarine ecosystem, which is responsible for gastroenteritis due to the consumption of contaminated raw seafood. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of V. parahaemolyticus VP-49, isolated from seafood, to identify the different virulence attributes and to stu...
The study was carried out to detect the adhesive genes pap (pyelonephritis associated pili), sfa (S fimbrial adhesin) and afa (afimbrial adhesin) from Escherichia coli strains isolated in patients diagnosed with urinary tract infection (UTI). A total of 23% of the isolates were positive for pap, sfa and afa genes with a prevalence of 60.87% (14/23)...
In crustaceans, the mechanisms of defense against pathogens, although powerful, are poorly understood. Crustaceans depend heavily on the non-specific defense mechanisms, and therefore immunostimulants capable of stimulating these mechanisms may have an important role in protection against disease. Sustainability and management of crustacean aquacul...
The study aimed at genotyping Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from prolonged peripheral venous catheters of patients of three tertiary care hospitals in Mangalore, India by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA-PCR [RAPD-PCR] and find their clonal relatedness to phenotypic characteristics such as colony mucoidity and adherence ability. The P. ae...
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a highly virulent shrimp pathogen, causing huge
economic loss to the aquaculture industry. We investigated the efficacy of recombinant
VP39 protein against WSSV infection in Litopenaeus vannamei by intramuscular and oral
administration, and also compared the efficacy with recombinant VP28 (rVP28). The VP39
is...
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a seafood-borne pathogen autochthonous to the marine and estuarine ecosystem, responsible for gastroenteritis when contaminated raw seafood is consumed. The pathogenicity has been associated with thermostable direct haemolysin (TDH) and TDH-related haemolysin (TRH). Of late, the presence of T3SS2α and T3SS2β gene clusters...
White tail disease (WTD) of cultured Macrobrachium rosenbergii is caused by Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) and an extra small virus (XSV), both present together, and the mortality rate can be as high as 100% within 2 or 3 days of infection. Possible protection of M. rosenbergii against WTD by oral administration of bacterial expressed a...