Ibrahim OroudMutah University · Physical Geography
Ibrahim Oroud
Ph.D
physical climatology, water resources, remote sensing and GIS
About
58
Publications
13,769
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448
Citations
Introduction
Additional affiliations
September 2002 - September 2003
August 2006 - September 2010
October 1999 - July 2000
Education
January 1985 - April 1988
March 1983 - December 1984
January 1979 - June 1979
Department of Meteorology, Jordan
Field of study
- Weather forecasting
Publications
Publications (58)
The eastern Mediterranean has been experiencing aridification and a warming trend during the past two decades which could bring about land degradation. Physical and biophysical indices extracted from Landsat images were implemented to identify land degradation (LD) across the entire rainfed areas in Jordan during the growing seasons of 1998 through...
An energy balance model run on a monthly time step for 800 years was developed to predict the future level, areal extent and temperature of the Dead Sea under different scenarios of freshwater input and atmospheric boundary conditions. The model integrates energy, water and salt balances. The bathymetry of the Dead Sea was derived from high-resolut...
An energy balance model run on a monthly time step for 800 years was developed to predict the future level and areal extent of the Dead Sea under different scenarios of freshwater input and boundary conditions. The model integrates energy, water and salt balances. The bathymetry of the Dead Sea was obtained from digital elevation data derived from...
Understanding the pattern of the COVID-19 outbreak and its spread is essential to guide public health control measures. The present study aims to analyze the spatial distribution of COVID-19 and its temporal trends in Jordan using GIS. The total confirmed official cases of COVID-19 in 2021 reached 778,306, with 8635 deaths, as reported by the Minis...
The widespread availability of high-resolution digital elevation data and high computational capabilities, along with GIS tools, has revolutionized big data processing, management, and interpolation. The present investigation generates high spatial resolution maps of thermal comfort levels, heating (HDD), and cooling (CDD) degree days across the po...
This study aims to implement a widely used climate tourism index (TCI) developed by Mieczkowski (Can Geogr/Geogr Can 29:220-233, 1985) in a hot arid climate. This index provides a quantitative measure of a tourist destination based on five meteorological criteria, daytime comfort index (CID), daily comfort index (CIA), precipitation index (P), suns...
Thermal comfort is usually calculated using discrete point measurements. This procedure is not suitable to study thermal comfort for inhabited areas with rugged terrains where climate gradient is high. The wide availability of remote sensing data and GIS tools has revolutionized data management, processing, and visualization. The present paper impl...
An energy balance model run on a monthly time step was developed to predict the future fate of the Dead Sea under several environmental conditions and anthropogenic activities. The model takes into account energy, water and salt balances into consideration. The bathymetry of the Dead Sea was derived using kriging technique on a projected raster map...
Thermal comfort is usually calculated using discrete point measurements. This procedure is not suitable to study thermal comfort for inhabited areas with rugged terrains where climate gradient is high. The wide availability of remote sensing data and GIS tools have revolutionized data management, processing and visualization. The present paper impl...
Agricultural drought in a typical semiarid Mediterranean environment is investigated during the growing seasons of 1997 through 2020 using a combination of optical and thermal sensors onboard Landsat satellites. The combination of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index – Land Surface Temperature (NDVI- LST) space was able to distinguish between...
The annual cycle of the Dead Sea surface temperature was investigated using band 10 onboard Landsat 8 during 2017–2018 and thermodynamic concepts. Retrieved Dead Sea temperatures are congruent with field observations with a mean square error of 1.22 °C and a correlation coefficient of 0.983. A new method employing thermodynamic concepts is presente...
Satellite images capture a large scene instantaneously, enabling direct comparisons of surface–atmosphere interactions in a static time domain. The annual course of surface temperature of the Dead Sea is investigated using thermal images obtained from Band 10 onboard Landsat 8. Retrieved sea surface temperature varied from around 20 °C in February...
Evaporation measurements over lakes are limited by physical constraints, logistics and financial demands. Thermal satellite images and land-based meteorology can be combined to derive evaporation rates from large lakes. The Dead Sea is a large hypersaline lake that can be used to examine the utility of thermal satellite images along with land-based...
Climate change is expected to have serious adverse effects on water resources, the ecosystem and the economic activities, particularly in marginal areas where precipitation is limited. General Circulation Global Models project that the eastern Mediterranean which suffers serious resources challenges will experience a drop in annual precipitation an...
This part describes the historical development of how humans perceived the cosmos around them, and illustrated the philosophical concepts which prevailed up to the Renaissance. The dominance of the Geocentric concept was eroded when Copernicus laid the foundation of the Heliocentric model which revolutionised the entire human thinking and opened wi...
It is widely accepted that the deposition of mineral facies of evaporite basins is controlled by the average annual relative humidity of the contiguous atmosphere which dictates the equilibrium activity of the evaporating brine. This concept has far reaching implications in salt works and for the investigation of paleoenvironmental settings affecti...
The Southeastern Mediterranean is a semiarid marginal area which is highly sensitive to small perturbations in global climate. This area is projected to become warmer and drier which will in turn intensify drought frequency and severity, leading to serious adverse consequences on water resources, soil moisture regime, land productivity, socio-econo...
In most of the existing models designed for the soil erosion experiment are moderately simplistic, which consistently, have been extensively practiced in many parts of the world. In reality, within the content of this study, the practical occurrences of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and that of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RU...
The present paper evaluates the composite risk of anthropogenic and climate change on the future water status in Jordan during the period 2030–2050. The projected water status in the country is evaluated based on the more likely population growth and climate change scenarios. The most likely figure for the population of Jordan, excluding refugees f...
The present paper evaluates the consistency and validity of archived hydro-meteorological data in the Karak Plateau. Maximum annual one day precipitation data for 53 years were obtained and assessed from a first class meteorological station along with archived flood records of four major wadies draining the plateau. To assess the archived flood rec...
Water Budget Assessment for a Typical Watershed in the Karak Plateau, Jordan
Ibrahim M. Oroud
Adequate assessment of water resources in arid and semiarid watersheds is essential for several purposes, such as
the evaluation of biotic potentials for agricultural and grazing practices and for designing water dams. The water balance
components of the...
The Karak Plateau, situated in the central part of Jordan's mountainous region, is a main hydrological and agricultural area and a water source for five important watersheds in the country. This article examines precipitation climatology and trends within this plateau during the past half century. Parametric and non-para-metric statistical tests in...
Adequate evaluation of blue water fluxes in arid and semiarid areas is crucial for operational purposes such as evaluation of rain-fed agriculture, grazing potentials and for designing and construction of water dams. Evapotranspiration, runoff and deep recharge in such catchments are poorly understood due to the lack of meteorological and/or hydrol...
The sensitivity of evaporation from saline solutions resulting from a variation in their salinity/activity coefficients (β) is investigated. The calculations are based on a theoretically derived parameter (γ = ∂T/∂β), which accounts for the temperature change following a departure in the salinity/activity coefficient. Results reveal that γ is a fun...
The present paper is part of the Glowa Jordan River project, which has been focusing on climate change impacts on environmental,
economic and social issues within the lower Jordan river riparian states. The eastern Mediterranean is characterized by scarce
and erratic precipitation with relatively cool, wet winters and dry hot summers. Water is the...
The Dead Sea (DS) is a terminal hypersaline water body situated in the deepest part of the Jordan Valley. There is a growing interest in linking the DS to the open seas due to severe water shortages in the area and the serious geological and environmental hazards to its vicinity caused by the rapid level drop of the DS. A key issue in linking the D...
Water percolation in upper soil at Wadi Shueib in Jordan was investigated using different irrigational methods and amounts of irrigation water. Four investigative periods were designed: two during the summer and two during the winter. The percentage of recharge from irrigated plots ranged from 42% to 78%, depending on the amount of irrigation water...
The impacts of a possible climate change on water resources in Jordan are investigated using a physically based model. Six years of historical daily precipitation and meteorological data for seven stations located in high precipitation zones across the country were combined to provide approximate assessment to the current water resources. Results s...
Surface frost is a permanent natural hazard that affects almost all areas in Jordan. Daily grass minimum temperatures at seven stations representing the three geographic zones (the Jordan Valley, mountains, and desert) in the country were used to carry out the analysis. A set of years ranging from 68 (for Amman Airport) to 24 years was used in this...
This paper presents a new formulation which connects the variations in evaporation among adjacent shallow saline solutions to the differences in their surface temperatures. The derivations are based on the theory of water vapor transfer and energy balance considerations. Evaporation differences among adjacent shallow saline solutions are evaluated...
The sensitivity of evaporation from saline solutions resulting from a variation in their salinity/activity coefficients (beta) is investigated. The calculations are based on a theoretically derived parameter (gamma=∂T/∂beta), which accounts for the temperature change following a departure in the salinity/activity coefficient. Results reveal that ga...
An analytic procedure is presented to investigate the response of temperature in and evaporation from saline solutions whose activity coefficients are subject to dynamic changes. The temperature change (g) with respect to changes in the activity coefficient is found to be a strong function of the saturation vapor pressure at the temperature of the...
Lateral heat conduction across a large circular sunken pan located in a hot, dry environment is evaluated using a numerical procedure. Heat flow across the sunken pan–adjacent soil boundary is calculated using a two-dimensional soil plane. Calculations show that a large temperature differential across the pan–substrate boundary develops during the...
The effect of cloud cover on incoming longwave radiation reaching the ground surface is investigated using an analytic procedure. Results show that the contribution of a cloud deck depends not only on cloud type, but also on cloudless emissivity. The widely accepted notion that the enhancement factor for a cloud deck depends only on the cloud type...
A numerical procedure is developed to evaluate the diurnal trend of evaporation from a shallow freshwater pond and a hypersaline pond, both of which are 2 m deep and encountering identical meteorological forcings. Evaporation from both water bodies is calculated using Penman-Brutsaert formulation in which atmospheric buoyancy is calculated based on...
Evaporation was evaluated for three shallow lakes near the Dead Sea with specific gravities (s.g.) of 1.26, 1.31 and 1.34, and for a hypothetical fresh lake of similar depth. The annual march of lake temperature was adequately predicted with an equilibrium temperature model. Predicted temperatures were only slightly affected by neglecting heat exch...
The activity coefficient and saturation vapor pressure for hypersaline solutions located at the southern edge of the Dead Sea are computed analytically. The collected data consist of temperature and evaporation rates measured for a freshwater pan and three other hypersaline solutions with specific gravities of 1.26, 1.31, and 1.34, respectively. Th...
Evaporation was evaluated for three shallow lakes near the Dead Sea with specific gravities (s.g.) of 1.26, 1.31 and 1.34, and for a hypothetical fresh lake of similar depth. The annual march of lake temperature was adequately predicted with an equilibrium temperature model. Predicted temperatures were only slightly affected by neglecting heat exch...
Urbanization in the arid environment of Phoenix, Arizona is observed in this study to produce a significant effect on incoming longwave radiation from the atmosphere. The excess in counter radiation in metropolitan Phoenix is attributed to the strength of the urban heat island as well as to pollution concentration in the urban atmosphere. This stud...
Questions
Questions (15)
Is the corona virus a real threat to humanity or is it an abnormal flue which will be easily contained within the few weeks?
How to limit its spread given the massive movement of people across the globe?
Should not there be a scale upon which ranks in universities be referred to when promoting a university instructor from one rank to another? This process will guarantee quality assurance and makes it possible to compare ranks. Many universities have stringent requirements for promoting from a rank to the higher one, while others are too relaxed to the extent that ranks their lost their actual meaning.
There should be minimum requirements to grant a promotion. This will limit favoritism and minimize corruption in the academic body!
