Ibrahim Elsohaby

City University of Hong Kong | CityU · Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health

Knowledge of the prevalence and epidemiological determinants of tropical theileriosis in large ruminants, particularly in the asymptomatic carrier, is crucial for designing and implementing effective host-specific control measures. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of tropical theileriosis in asymptomatic cattle and water buffaloes an...

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease with significant economic and public health impacts. The disease has been found in ruminants, including camels, but clinical diagnosis of camel brucellosis is difficult due to the lack of clinical signs. Thus, this study aimed to estimate the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of the Buffered Plate Antigen Test...

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the individual fecal culture (IFC), fecal PCR (FPCR), and serum ELISA for the detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infections in sheep from four governorates in Egypt, using a latent class model (LCM) fitted within a Bayesian framework. Furthermo...

The present study aimed to investigate the quality of newly hatched broiler chicks delivered to Hong Kong (imported or local), and to develop tailored recommendations to improve their management. During 2019–2021, 70 batches (34 imported from mainland China and 36 local) of one/three day old chicks on 11 broiler farms were studied. From each batch,...

Surra is a non-cyclic parasitic disease caused by Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi) and spread by biting flies. The disease has a severe impact on camel health, productivity, and market value, posing a significant threat to food safety and the economy. In a cross-sectional study, 370 blood samples were collected from camels in three Egyptian governora...

Household cats have been identified as potential antimicrobial resistance (AMR) reservoirs, and the extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) producing E. coli circulating among cats has been more frequently reported globally, but the factors linked to its colonization remain poorly understood. Thus, the objectives of this study were to determine E. co...

Limited research has assessed the “human dimension” of horse care. The aims of this study were to (1) understand horse owner attitudes toward horse welfare when kept outdoors versus indoors and in groups versus individually, (2) compare horse owner attitudes toward horse welfare with the ways in which they house their horses, and (3) explore horse...

Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) infection is one of the main causes of diarrhea in calves. The current study assessed the role of blood biomarkers (acute-phase proteins (APPs), procalcitonin, neopterin, cytokines, and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prognosis of calves naturally infected with C. parvum. Fifty-seven calves, a...

Background The goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence of extended-spectrum β -lactamase production in Enterobacterales isolated from retail sheep meat in Zagazig, Egypt. Methods One hundred random samples of sheep meat were collected from different retail butcher shops ( n = 5) in the city of Zagazig, Egypt. Bacterial isolates were i...

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the costliest complex disease affecting the cattle industry worldwide, with significant economic losses. BRD pathogenesis involves several interactions between microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses, and management factors. The present study aimed to characterize the nasal virome from 43 pooled nasal swab s...

Johne’s disease is a chronic infectious granulomatous enteritis caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) and mainly infect wild and domestic animals. Although MAP infection has been reported worldwide, observational studies on MAP in camels are very scarce. The objective of the present investigation was to determine the herd- and...

The present study aimed to determine the occurrence, genotypes, and antimicrobial resistance of Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) and Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) in camel minced meat samples collected from small butcher shops and supermarkets in Al-Ahsa Governorate, Saudi Arabia. A total of 100 camel minced meat samples were rand...

Salmonella enterica is one of the most common causes of foodborne illness worldwide. Contaminated poultry products, especially meat and eggs are the main sources of human salmonellosis. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine prevalence, antimicrobial resistance profiles, virulence, and resistance genes of Salmonella Enteritidis (S. ent...

The aim of the present study was to calculate the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of the single cervical tuberculin test (SCT), rapid lateral flow test (RLFT), and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) infection in Egyptian dairy cattle herds within a Bayesian framework. The true M. b...

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a severe neglected zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the larval stage of the dog tapeworm, Echinococcus granulosus. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of hydatid cysts in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) at Sharkia province, Egypt and investigate the occurrence of bacteria in hydatid...

Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii), an intracellular, Gram-negative bacterium that infects humans and domestic ruminants. Information on flock management factors associated with Q fever seropositivity in Saudi Arabia is very scarce. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the animal and flock mana...

Spontaneous mutations are a common characteristic of the foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV), leading to wide antigenic variations resulting in the emergence of new topotypes and lineages of FMDV, which contributes to occasional vaccination failures. The objectives of the present study were to genetically characterize FMDV isolated from water buffa...

Several species of Vibrio were identified in 4% of total examined samples with the highest isolation in human stool samples. Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae) was highly isolated in raw milk (66.7%), whereas Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) was highly isolated in yoghurt (75%) out of the positive samples. The tested cholera toxin (ctxAB),...

Staphylococcal mastitis (SM) is a frequent disease in the dairy cattle that is costly to treat. This study aimed to investigate the alterations in the levels of procalcitonin (PCT), neopterin (NPT), haptoglobin (HP), serum amyloid A (SAA), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1 β , IL-8, TNF- α , IF- γ ) and oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers in Holstein da...

Chlamydia abortus (C. abortus) is intracellular, Gram-negative bacterium that cause enzootic abortion in sheep and goats. Information on C. abortus seroprevalence and flock management risk factors associated with C. abortus seropositivity in sheep and goats in Saudi Arabia are scarce. The objectives of this study were to (i) estimate the animal, fl...

Bacterial pathogens carried by pet birds are considered a risk for birds, workers, and pet owners. This study investigated the potential of pet birds as reservoirs for virulent multidrug-resistant (MDR) zoonotic bacteria and assessed the genetic relatedness and diversity of bacterial isolates from pet birds and human contacts. Cloacal and tracheal...

Understanding the distribution, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and risk factors associated with multidrug-resistant (MDR) and methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) isolated from cats admitted to veterinary clinics may decrease the risk of MDR and MRS transmission to humans and other cats. As such, the objectives of this study were to investiga...

Citation: Elsohaby, I.; Samy, A.; Elmoslemany, A.; Alorabi, M.; Alkafafy, M.; Aldoweriej, A.; Al-Marri, T.; Elbehiry, A.; Fayez, M. Migratory Wild Birds as a Potential

Feeding high-quality colostrum is essential for calf health and future productivity. Therefore, accurate assessment of colostrum quality is a key component of dairy farm management plans. Direct and indirect methods are available for assessment of colostrum quality; however, the indirect methods are rapid, inexpensive , and can be performed under f...

The objectives of the present study were to characterize Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection using serological and molecular tools and investigate the distribution and molecular characterization of MAP strains (cattle (C) and sheep (S) types) in sheep, goat, cattle, and camel herds in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. Serum an...

Effects of amount of anechoic intrauterine fluid (IUF) and size of largest follicle at insemination on proportion of cows pregnant as a result of AI (P/AI percentage), as well as factors associated with amount of IUF and size of the follicle were investigated. Follicle size was determined, and amount of IUF in the largest uterine segment was catego...

Background: Refractometry is used to assess transfer of passive immunity (TPI), but studies evaluating different refractometers and appropriate thresholds for recommended target immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations for beef calves are limited. Objectives: To evaluate test performance of digital (DSTP) and optical (OSTP) serum total protein (STP) r...

Acute-phase proteins (APPs) have always had valued diagnostic potentialities in response to infection. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of selected APPs and proinflammatory cytokines (PIC) in goats with contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) under field conditions. Moreover, to highlight the role of tested biomarkers in CCPP...

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a severe neglected zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the larval stage of the dog tapeworm, Echinococcus granulosus. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of hydatid cysts in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) at Sharkia province, Egypt and investigate the occurrence of bacteria in hydatid...

Clostridium difficile (CD) is considered a major health care problem both in developing and developed countries; frequently reported to be associated with enterocolitis and diarrhea in horses and other animals. In this study, we examined acute phase response (APR), cytokines response, neopterin (NP) procalcitonin (PCT) production and oxidative stre...

Eimeria spp. infections are one of the most economically significant diseases of sheep and goats. This study aimed to identify Eimeria spp. and its prevalence in sheep and goats reared under the intensive system in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. Faecal samples (n=125) from sheep (n=64) and goats (n=61) were collected in three main rearing cities. Floa...

The number of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) infected dairy herds in Egypt is growing and this calls for accurate and reliable diagnostic methods at cow level for cost-effective bTB eradication as culling of the whole herd is not economically sustainable. The present study aimed to estimate the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of PCR, mycobacterial...

Aims: we employed a combination of diagnostic tests including single cervical tuberculin test (SCT), rapid lateral-flow test (RT), TB-Feron, conventional PCR and culture to investigate the prevalence of M. bovis infections in dairy cattle under the intensive dairy production system in Egypt. Methods and results: In total 2,710 dairy cows from 11...

Background Brix refractometry can be used to assess colostral immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration, but studies identifying Brix percentages to detect high‐ and low‐IgG colostrum are lacking for beef cows and interlaboratory agreement is unknown. Objectives Evaluate Brix refractometer performance and interlaboratory agreement for assessing beef co...

Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is one of the main causes of diarrhea and enterocolitis in horses. The goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with C. difficile infections in adult horses and foals with and without diarrhoea. Fresh faecal samples were collected from 407 horses originating from 35 stable...

Lactobacillus spp. is one of the beneficial lactic acid producing microbiota in the vagina, which is important for a healthy vaginal environment. However, little is known about vaginal Lactobacillus in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius). Therefore, this study aimed to isolate vaginal lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in dromedary camels and to study t...

The microbiological quality of colostrum and identify cow, calf and farm managemental factors associated with colostrum hygiene in Colombian dairy herds were determined. Colostrum samples (n = 255) from 44 herds were collected for bacteriological quality analysis. A survey about colostrum management was carried out for each birth event. Only 18% of...

The present study aimed to isolate and genotype C. perfringens from healthy and diarrheic dromedary camels, pastures and herders; and to evaluate and compare antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. A total of 262 (56.3%) C. perfringens isolates were recovered from 465 samples of healthy and diarrheic dromedary camels, pastures and herders. C....

Bovine respiratory diseases (BRD) have long been considered a serious problem that causes major economic losses in feedlot calves (FC). This study aimed to determine the diagnostic and prognostic effect of selected biological markers including, procalcitonin (PCT), neopterin (NP), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, IF-γ), haptoglobin (H...

Antimicrobial resistance profile of E. coli and Salmonella serovars isolated from diarrheic calves and handlers in Egypt is unknown due to the absence of monitoring. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the virulence, genetic and antimicrobial resistance profiles of E. coli and Salmonella serovars associated with diarrhea in calves and handlers...

Acute phase proteins (APPs) and oxidative stress are helpful markers in diagnosing of several infectious diseases. APPs, proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers were evaluated for their role in the diagnosis of naturally acquired Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) associated with abortion in sheep, goats and she-camels. Blood, aborted mater...

In this single herd observational study, there is investigation of the effects of 81 sires (with 11,424 artificial inseminations) on conception rates in 1,790 Holstein cows for 5 years. Sires were catagorized based on the published sire conception rate (SCR) into different sire fertility groups (low, average and high fertility sires). The performan...

Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been shown to be the predominant life‐threatening pathogen in Egypt. MRSA is a major cause of severe healthcare‐ associated (HA) infections. During the last decades, the incidence of community‐associated (CA) MRSA infections has a complex epidemiology arising from the circulation of different s...

The primary objective of this observational study was to examine the association between passive transfer of immunity and growth performance in preweaning calves. A secondary objective was to evaluate the utility of a heart girth tape (HGT) to estimate body weight (BW) in preweaning calves. A total of 142 Holstein calves were enrolled in this study...

The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) among cattle in Sharkia Governate, Egypt and to determine the efficacy of allicin as a treatment for GIN infection. Fecal samples (n = 113) were collected randomly from cattle at different localities in Sharkia Governate between September 2016 and Au...

Accurate diagnosis of failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) in newborn calves is an essential component of dairy farm management plan. Several methods (direct and indirect) are available for diagnosis of FTPI in dairy calves. However, the indirect methods offer an advantage over the direct methods in not requiring an experienced veterinari...

Objective: To develop partial least squares regression (PLSR) calibration models in combination with transmission infrared (TIR) spectroscopy for rapid and optimal quantification of human milk macronutrient concentrations. Study design: Human milk samples (n = 306) were characterized simultaneously by reference chemical analytical methods and TI...

Chlamydophila psittaci(C. psittaci) remains a significant threat to the health of farming communities in close contact with psittacine birds yet its infection burden remains poorly understood owing to the low accuracy of available diagnostic tests. This study aimed to evaluatethe accuracy of chicken embryo (CEI) and mice inoculation (MI) tests and...

Background Neonatal foals with failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) are at higher risk of morbidity and mortality. Successful treatment of FTPI is time‐dependent, thus rapid and accurate measurement of serum IgG concentration is important for the management and care of neonatal foals. Objectives To validate the use of digital and optical...

The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the differences in IgG and total protein (TP) content of serum and plasma samples collected from the same calves; (2) to evaluate the correlation between calf serum and plasma IgG levels, Brix scores, and TP concentrations; (3) to determine whether different cut-off values should be used for plasma...

Aims The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and potential risk factors associated with C. psittaci infections in psittacine birds and bird handlers in Egypt. Methods and Results A total of 190 swabs were collected from psittacine birds (n = 120) and bird handlers (n = 70) and were tested by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to detect...

Background Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have been endemic in Egypt since 2006, and the co-circulation of high-pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 and low-pathogenic avian influenza H9N2 subtypes in poultry has been reported; therefore, Egypt is considered a hotspot for the generation of new subtypes and genotypes. We aimed to characterize AIVs circul...

Human patient questionnaire—translated copy

Amplification curve of human samples for the identification of avian influenza viruses H5N1

Cycle threshold (Ct) values of the positive H5N1 and H9N2 positive samples from birds and humans

Sequences of the primers and probes used for avian influenza viruses

The objective of this study was to explore the potential of transmission infrared (TIR) spectroscopy in combination with partial least squares regression (PLSR) for quantification of dairy and beef cow colostral IgG concentration and assessment of colostrum quality. A total of 430 colostrum samples were collected from dairy (n = 235) and beef (n =...

Background: Heat-treatment of colostrum is a method developed to reduce calf exposure to pathogens. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy and Brix refractometers can be used for measuring colostral IgG concentration and assessing colostrum quality. Objectives: To determine the impact of heat-treatment on accuracy of IR spectroscopy and Brix refractometers...

Attenuated total reflectance infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy is a simple, rapid and cost-effective method for the analysis of serum. However, the complex nature of serum remains a limiting factor to the reliability of this method. We investigated the benefits of coupling the centrifugal ultrafiltration with ATR-IR spectroscopy for quantification of...

This study aimed to evaluate the digital Brix and optical serum total protein (STP) refractometers for measuring concentrations of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) in alpacas and compare them to IgG concentrations measured by the reference method of radial immunodiffusion (RID) assay. The appropriate cutoff point for Brix and STP refractometers and the...

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic relatedness and patterns of antimicrobial resistance amongst L. monocytogenes isolated from raw milk, milking equipment, and hand swabs from workers in dairy farms. Methods: A total of 300 samples of raw milk, milking equipment, and hand swabs were collected from four dairy farms to e...

The objective of this study was to develop and compare the performance of laboratory grade and portable attenuated total reflectance infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopic approaches in combination with partial least squares regression (PLSR) for the rapid quantification of alpaca serum IgG concentration, and the identification of low IgG (<1000 mg/dL), w...

Defining factors associated with embryonic and/or fetal losses will be helpful in overcoming such problem, either by adjusting conditions or applying therapeutic approaches to high-risk cows. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between a number of maternal and non-maternal factors and the risk of late embryonic (LED) and...

A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2014 to December 2015 to determine seroprevalence and potential risk factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection in domestic rabbits and humans in Egypt. In total 290 blood samples were collected from humans (n = 140) and slaughtered rabbits (n = 150) and were analyzed using E...

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of the transmission infrared (IR) spectroscopic method and digital and optical Brix refractometers for measurement of colostral IgG concentration and assessment of colostrum quality of dairy cows. Colostrum samples (n = 258) were collected from Holstein cows on 30 commercial dairy farms...

Two Aeromonas species, A. hydrophila and A. sobria, were isolated from raw milk (8% and 5.3% of samples tested, respectively), yoghurt (12% and 8% of samples tested, respectively) and cheese (4% and 2% of samples tested, respectively). Only A. hydrophila was isolated from human stool samples (18.8% of samples tested). Aerolysin and haemolysin assoc...

Transmission infrared (IR) spectroscopy, in combination with partial least squares (PLS) regression, was used as the basis to develop a new method to quantify IgG in bovine colostrum. Colostrum samples (n = 250) were tested simultaneously by the reference radial immunodiffusion (RID) assay and IR spectroscopy. Colostral IgG concentrations obtained...

In this study, we evaluated and compared the performance of transmission and attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared (IR) spectroscopic methods (in combination with quantification algorithms previously developed using partial least squares regression) for the rapid measurement of bovine serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration, and detection...

Measurement of bovine serum and colostrum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration is critical for colostrum and calf health monitoring in order to determine the colostrum quality and failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI), which is considered the main reason for increased morbidity and mortality rates in newborn calves. Several qualitative and...