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Introduction
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July 2006 - present
November 1995 - July 2006
September 1990 - October 1995
Publications
Publications (229)
Background
Intravenous lipid emulsion is recognised as a therapy for rescue in cases of local anaesthetic toxicity, but its use in reversing overdose or toxicity related to other drugs remains the subject of debate. This in vitro study sought to expand our understanding of the importance of partitioning in determining the impact of intravenous lipi...
Nitric oxide (NO) may be a simple compound but it plays a vital role as a signalling molecule in many different pathological and physiological pathways in our bodies. Among its many attributes, it is a potent antimicrobial agent with activity against biofilms. It also triggers vasodilation and prevents thrombus formation. Clinicians are keen to exp...
Graphene oxide nanomaterials are being developed for wide-ranging applications but are associated with potential safety concerns for human health. We conducted a double-blind randomized controlled study to determine how the inhalation of graphene oxide nanosheets affects acute pulmonary and cardiovascular function. Small and ultrasmall graphene oxi...
The direct application of blue light (λ = 400–500 nm) provides a promising antimicrobial modality, the effects of which are mediated through generation of reactive oxygen species. Porphyrins are organic compounds essential for bacterial synthesis of heme and are understood to be the main blue light chromophores within bacteria, which are critical t...
Graphene oxide nanomaterials have been developed for wide-ranging applications, but has potential safety concerns for human health. Controlled inhalation exposures in human volunteers have been a vital means to determine the effects and mechanisms of ultrafine particles in air pollution, however, few studies have used this approach to explore the e...
Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are continuously released via hospital effluents and have been shown to be toxic to aquatic organisms, even at very low concentrations. Future risks to human health might also emerge due to accumulation of these compounds in food chains, through contamination of water supplies and propagation of antimicrobia...
Background
Macrophages play a central role in inflammation by phagocytosing invading pathogens, apoptotic cells and debris, as well as mediating repair of tissues damaged by trauma. In order to do this, these dynamic cells generate a variety of inflammatory mediators including eicosanoids such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes and hydroxyeicosatraeno...
Arteriosclerosis is an important age-dependent disease that encompasses atherosclerosis, in-stent restenosis (ISR), pulmonary hypertension, autologous bypass grafting and transplant arteriosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction and the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cell (vSMC)-like cells is a critical event in the pathology of arterioscleroti...
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major cause of recurrent stroke and transient ischaemic attack (TIA) in the UK. As many patients can have asymptomatic paroxysmal AF, prolonged arrhythmia monitoring is advised in selected patients following a stroke or TIA. This service evaluation assessed the clinical and potential health economic impact of prolonged...
Hyperglycaemia is known to induce endothelial dysfunction and changes in metabolic function, which could be implicated in diabetes-induced cardiovascular disease. To date, however, little is known about the impact of physiologically relevant concentrations of fructose on endothelial cells. A novel in vitro model was devised to establish the impact...
New readily accessible systemic redox biomarkers are needed to understand the biological roles reactive oxygen species (ROS) play in humans because overtly flawed, technically fraught, and unspecific assays severely hamper translational progress. The antibody-linked oxi-state assay (ALISA) makes it possible to develop valid ROS-sensitive target-spe...
Contrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN) is a major complication of imaging in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The publication of an academic RCT (n=83) reporting oral (N)‐acetylcysteine (NAC) to reduce CIN led to >70 clinical trials, 23 systematic reviews, and two large RCTs showing no benefit. However, no mechanistic studies were conducted...
Background
Accurate, continuous heart rate measurements are important for health assessment, physical activity, and sporting performance, and the integration of heart rate measurements into wearable devices has extended its accessibility. Although the use of photoplethysmography technology is not new, the available data relating to the validity of...
The Oxford Handbook of Medical Sciences is written by biomedical scientists and clinicians to be the definitive guide to the fundamental scientific principles that underpin medicine and the biomedical sciences. It provides a clear and easily digestible account of basic cell physiology, biochemistry, and molecular and medical genetics, followed by c...
Meta-analyses have indicated that individuals with type 1 or type 2 diabetes are at increased risk of suffering a severe form of COVID-19 and have a higher mortality rate than the non-diabetic population. Patients with diabetes have chronic, low-level systemic inflammation, which results in global cellular dysfunction underlying the wide variety of...
Cardiovascular disease is the primary driver of morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes. Hyperglycaemia is implicated in driving endothelial dysfunction that might underpin the link between diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This study was designed to determine the impact of chronic preconditioning of cells to hyperglycaemia and transien...
BACKGROUND
Accurate, continuous heart rate measurements are important for health assessment, physical activity, and sporting performance, and the integration of heart rate measurements into wearable devices has extended its accessibility. Although the use of photoplethysmography technology is not new, the available data relating to the validity of...
The formulation and antibacterial efficacy of nitric oxide (NO)-releasing MOF–polyurethane films are reported for the first time. Uniform standalone films were successfully prepared containing 1, 5, 10, and 15 wt% CPO-27 (Ni). The MOF within each film was successfully activated and loaded with NO. Adsorption and release profiles are reported for th...
Utilization of contrast media to visualize vasculature structures in the setting of cardiovascular disorders (CVD) can lead to acute kidney injury, referred to as contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). CIN can potentiate mortality and hospitalization in aged individuals, patients with CVD, nephropathy, enhancing kidney damage, and cardiac events. Prev...
This project has been funded by the EU’s INTERREG VA programme, managed by the special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB)
Background and Aims
N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) has been proposed as a prophylactic for the prevention of contrast induced nephropathy (CIN), a serious, adverse complication following administration of contrast media in patients with dia...
Introduction
N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) has been proposed as a prophylactic for the prevention of contrast induced nephropathy (CIN), a common, undesirable complication following the administration of contrast media in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD).¹ However, clinical trial results have failed to consistently demonstrate be...
Introduction: Organophosphorus (OP) insecticide self-poisoning is a global problem, killing tens of thousands of people every year. Oxidative stress has been proposed to play a pathological role in OP poisoning, but whether it plays a direct toxic role is currently unclear.
Objectives: To determine whether there is consistent evidence of oxidative...
Eating a high calorie meal is known to induce endothelial dysfunction and it is reported that consuming drinks rich in antioxidants may be protective against this. In this study we assessed the effects of three antioxidant drinks with considerable disparity in their antioxidant content on endothelial function. Seven apparently healthy overweight an...
Arteriosclerosis causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Central to this process is the development of subclinical non-atherosclerotic intimal lesions before the appearance of pathologic intimal thickening and advanced atherosclerotic plaques. Intimal thickening is associated with several risk factors, including oxidative stress due t...
Endothelial dysfunction is key factor in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Post-prandial increase in glucose, triglycerides, fatty acids, protein and insulin leads to endothelial dysfunction and an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species generation on account of metabolic overload has been implicated. Supplementation with vitamin C...
Introduction
N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) has been proposed as a prophylactic for the prevention of contrast induced nephropathy (CIN), a severe, undesirable consequence following angiography that accounts for ∼12% of all hospital-acquired acute renal injury. However, results from clinical trials of NAC in this setting to date have been inconclusive....
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes. Endothelial cell dysfunction is a factor in the atherosclerotic process that underpins CVD, but the link between diabetes and endothelial dysfunction is not fully understood.
In this study, the effects of glucose exposure on a human-derived endot...
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide, normally affecting people aged over 65. Due to the multifactorial nature of this disease, a "multi-target-directed ligands" (MTDLs) approach for the treatment of this illness has generated intense research interest in the past few years. Vanillin is a natural antioxidant and i...
Co-ingestion of antioxidant drinks with an unhealthy challenge meal fails to prevent post-prandial endothelial dysfunction: an open-label, crossover study in healthy older adults - Volume 78 Issue OCE1 - K. Goszcz, D. J. Muggeridge, A. Treweeke, J. Adamson, K. Hickson, I. L. Megson
Percutaneous coronary intervention for the treatment of coronary artery disease is most commonly performed in the UK through the radial artery, as this is safer than the femoral approach. However, despite improvements in technology and techniques, complications can occur. The most common complication, arterial spasm, can cause intense pain and, in...
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is the major cause of mortality worldwide and caused mainly by atherosclerosis of coronary arteries. Apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100) is a major component of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and its oxidation can trigger inflammation in vascular endothelial cells leading to atherosclerosis. The present study developed an enz...
Oxidative stress, the unbalance between the occurrence of oxygen/nitrogen reactive species (ROS and RNS) and the ability of the organism to inactivate these harmful molecules is linked with several disorders such neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancer and immune disarray. In the last decades, antioxidants have been the subject...
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) defines the functional interface between nerve and muscle. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are linked to pathological denervation in multiple neurodegenerative diseases, but whether and how ROS cause denervation is unclear. Our hypothesis is that ROS reiteratively repeat the signaling pathways of developmental denerva...
Developmental synapse pruning refines burgeoning connectomes. The basic mechanisms of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production suggest they select inactive synapses for pruning: whether they do so is unknown. To begin to unravel whether mitochondrial ROS regulate pruning, we made the local consequences of neuromuscular junction (NMJ)...
Antioxidants have been the subject of intense research interest mainly due to their beneficial properties associated with human health and wellbeing. Phenolic molecules, such as naturally occurring Resveratrol and Vanillin, are well known for their anti-oxidant properties, providing a starting point for the development of new antioxidants. Here we...
Despite limited bioavailability and rapid degradation, dietary anthocyanins are antioxidants with cardiovascular benefits. This study tested the hypothesis that the antioxidant protection conferred by the anthocyanin, delphinidin, is mediated by modulation of endogenous antioxidant defences, driven by its degradation product, gallic acid. Delphinid...
Background
Evidence points to activation of pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic stimuli during the haemodialysis process in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) with potential to predispose to cardiovascular events. Diabetes is associated with a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease in haemodialysis patients. We tested the hypothesis that a range of...
Polyphenols are regarded to have a wide range of health-promoting effects. Increased consumption of polyphenol-rich food is known to be associated with numerous cardioprotective effects. Polyphenols have been shown to improve endothelial function, inhibit abnormal platelet aggregation, reduce inflammation and improve plasma lipid profiles. Moreover...
Polyphenols are widely regarded to have a wide range of health-promoting qualities, including beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease. Historically, the benefits have been linked to their well-recognized powerful antioxidant activity. However, the concept that the beneficial effects are attributable to direct antioxidant activity in vivo does...
The Seven Countries Study suggested an association between serum cholesterol and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the association was not consistent across the various cohorts of participants in different countries; while it was very clear in US and Northern European cohorts, it was weak in Southern European and Japanese cohorts. Nevertheless...
Nitric Oxide (NO) storage and release measurements have been recorded for Ni-doped CPO-27 (Mg) and CPO-27 (Zn), and the biological effect of the released NO was assessed in porcine coronary artery relaxation tests. The results indicate that the doping strategy leads to increased levels of NO storage and delivery compared to the parent materials and...
Background:
There is no consensus and a limited evidence base for choice of contrast agents (CA) in angiography. This study evaluated the impact of iohexol and iodixanol CA on fibrinolytic factors (tissue plasminogen activator [t-PA] and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 [PAI-1]), as well as platelet-monocyte conjugates in cardiac patients undergo...
Data for Pre- and post-angioplasty measures, absolute change and % baseline change for all parameters measured (mean±SE for pre-and–post angioplasty data and absolute change; all normally distributed, as assess by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test; median (interquartile range) for % change, which was not consistently normally distributed).
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Raw data and statistical analyses associated with Fig 2.
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Raw data and statistical analyses associated with Fig 3.
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Consort checklist.
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Raw data and statistical analyses associated with Fig 4.
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Ethics Protocol.
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Raw data and statistical analyses associated with Fig 5.
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A number of studies have reported an association between increased levels of antibodies against oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and cardiovascular disease, but the anti-oxLDL antibody has not been confirmed to serve as an effective biomarker for prediction of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100)-derived peptide...
Oxidative stress is a key feature of the atherothrombotic process involved in the etiology of heart attacks, ischemic strokes, and peripheral arterial disease. It stands to reason that antioxidants represent a credible therapeutic option to prevent disease progression and thereby improve outcome, but despite positive findings from in vitro studies,...
It has long been noted that there is an association of antibodies against oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) with cardiovascular disease, but the anti-oxLDL antibody has not been confirmed as a biomarker for prediction of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) may carry the epitopes for the immune response to oxLDL. The presen...
Oxidative stress is a detrimental feature of diabetes implicated in the progression of the disease and its complications. The relationship between insulin therapy and oxidative stress is complex. This study tested the hypothesis that improved glucose control, rather than insulin dose, is central to reduced oxidative stress in patients with type 2 d...
For full text, please visit: https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/433498
Background
Aspirin is one of the most widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). It is also a commonly used anti-platelet drug, which inhibits the formation of the platelet activator, thromboxane A2 (TxA2) via inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1). However, the presence of a patient subset that fails to respond to aspirin despite...
Atherothrombotic disease is a well-recognized complication of diabetes and is a major contributor to the high morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes. Although there is substantial evidence linking diabetes with cardiovascular disease, the specific effect of hyper- (or hypo-) glycaemia is less well understood. The present review focuses on...
SCOPE: Inflammatory status can increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular events linked to platelet activity and involvement of microparticles (MP) released from platelets (PMP), leukocytes (LMP), and monocytes (MMP). These MP carry host cell-derived antigens that may act as markers of metabolic health. Subjects newly diagnosed with type 2 diabete...
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are a group of medical complications in pregnancy and also a risk factor for severe pregnancy outcomes, but it lacks a large-scale epidemiological investigation in recent years. This survey represents a multicenter cross-sectional retrospective study to estimate the prevalence and analyze the risk factors f...
Scope:
Inflammatory status can increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular events linked to platelet activity and involvement of microparticles (MP) released from platelets (PMP), leukocytes (LMP), and monocytes (MMP). These MP carry host cell-derived antigens that may act as markers of metabolic health. Subjects newly diagnosed with type 2 diabet...
Diesel exhaust inhalation causes cardiovascular dysfunction including impaired vascular reactivity, increased blood pressure, and arterial stiffness. We investigated the role of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability in mediating these effects.
In 2 randomized double-blind crossover studies, healthy nonsmokers were exposed to diesel exhaust or filtered...
To determine whether exposure to environmental tobacco smoke was associated with oxidative stress among patients hospitalised for acute myocardial infarction.
An existing cohort study of 1,261 patients hospitalised for acute myocardial infarction.
Nine acute hospitals in Scotland.
Sixty never smokers who had been exposed to environmental tobacco sm...
Hazard identification for risk assessment of nanoparticles (NPs) is mainly composed of in vitro cell-based assays and in vivo animal experimentation. The rapidly increasing number and functionalizations of NPs makes in vivo toxicity tests undesirable on both ethical and financial grounds, creating an urgent need for development of in vitro cell-bas...
This study investigated the impact of either type 2 diabetes or obesity, separately or in combination, on the absolute amounts of microparticles (MP) and the pathways by which these are associated with either condition. The concentrations of circulating MP derived from platelets (PMP), leukocytes (LMP) and monocytes (MMP), together with their speci...
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has only relatively recently been recognised as an important endogenous mediator of vascular relaxation and a range of other regulatory processes. Despite the potential of H2S as a treatment for a range of diseases, it has not yet been incorporated in clinical practice, possibly because of concerns over control of dosage and...