Ian Glendon

• Griffith University

Enduring potential influences on young drivers’ risky driving (e.g., the “Fatal five”), such as age and sex, cannot be changed. However, to inform interventions seeking to reduce young drivers’ risky behaviours, research may identify psychological variables that can be influenced. Coping and threat appraisal variables from protection motivation the...

One reason that young novice drivers remain statistically over-represented in road deaths is their rate of engagement in risky driving. Prominent contributing factors include driver’s age, sex, personality, risk perception, and their driving experience. This study applied reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST, specifically reward sensitivity and pu...

Introduction Basé sur les résultats des travaux en neurosciences pertinents pour les jeunes adultes, cet article considère 12 dimensions cognitives et comportementales relatives à la performance de conduite des jeunes conducteurs et des possibles stratégies de les atteindre. Données de la littérature Le niveau de preuve est examiné et évalué selon...

Intervention or evaluation studies represent a small proportion of traffic psychology research. The current study evaluated the effectiveness of a road safety intervention by measuring attitudes toward unsafe driving behaviors and risk perception. A sample of high school students (n=133) participated in a road safety intervention program focusing o...

The study investigated the effects of anti-speeding messages based on protection motivation theory (PMT) components: severity, vulnerability, rewards, self-efficacy, response efficacy, and response cost, on reported speeding intentions. Eighty-three participants aged 18-25 years holding a current Australian driver's license completed a questionnair...

Gray's reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST), implementing Carver and White's behavior inhibition system (BIS) and behavior approach system (BAS) scales, was used to predict reported engagement in 10 risky driving behaviors: speeding (2 levels), driving under the influence of alcohol, racing other vehicles, cell phone use (hand-held and hands free...

Purpose: Significant differences occur in the return-to-work (RTW) period amongst workers with an acute traumatic occupational hand injury. This study aimed to develop and test a comprehensive multivariate conceptual biopsychosocial model to predict RTW outcome. Method: Patients presenting with an occupational hand injury were interviewed 7-10 d...

Protection motivation theory components were used to predict sun protection behaviors (SPBs) using four outcome measures: typical reported behaviors, previous reported behaviors, current sunscreen use as determined by interview, and current observed behaviors (clothing worn) to control for common method bias. Sampled from two SE Queensland public b...

Crises negatively impact an organization’s financial stability, its relationship with its publics, its image and reputation, as well as its ability to function, and to deliver its products and services (Jin and Cameron 2007). Between 2003 and 2006 almost half of U. S.-based multinationals were affected by major crises that caused catastrophic busin...

A single-pilot form of the line operations safety audit was trialed with a mid-sized emergency medical service air operator using two observers with a sample of pilots flying 14 sectors. The conceptual basis for observing pilot performance and analyzing data was the threat and error management model, focusing on threats, errors, undesired aircraft...

Driver crash rates increase up to age 18 or 19 years and decline slowly thereafter. Crash risk is the greatest during the first 6 months or 1000 km of independent driving. Understanding the full implications of absolute and differential stages of brain development for driving remains in its early stages. Because behaviors emanate from integrated ac...

This prospective study of 215 West Midlands shop?floor and office workers reveals significant levels of skill decay in all aspects of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). While confirming findings from most earlier studies on the rapid decay of CPR skills over a period of a few months following training, the study also reveals that other variables...

Composition and compilation were examined as two alternative hypotheses relating to ‘cognitive competence’ in older adults. Techniques of molar equivalence–molecular decomposition (ME–MD) and molecular equivalence–molar analysis (ME–MA) were used to investigate performance of experienced (over 100 hours) younger (18–30 years) and older (45–66 years...

Corporate crises are becoming more frequent and devastating for companies with the resultant negative publicity often generating consumer anger towards the organization and its products. This negatively impacts consumer purchase intentions, sales, market share and stock prices. Despite the fact that the organizational message communicated following...

Despite the burgeoning number of studies examining stakeholder effects of crisis communication and crisis causes, the varied categorizations used, together with inconsistent findings, has meant that knowledge gaps remain. Specifically, existing studies have not established whether a significant hierarchy of best communicated accounts exist that min...

Young adults' behaviors are frequently characterized by risk-taking and recklessness. Few studies have examined the correlates of risk and reckless behaviors in emerging adults. Drawing on theories emphasising multifactorial effects of personality, social, and cognitive variables, this study explores psychosocial factors contributing to risk and th...

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Social cognitive career theory (SCCT) recognises the importance of individual differences and contextual influences in the career decision-making process. In extending the SCCT choice model, this study tested the role of personality, social supports, and the SCCT variables of self-efficacy, outcome expectations and goals in explaining the career re...

After little more than a quarter-century, the burgeoning literature on safety culture/climate has frequently been reviewed. This article maintains that continuing terminological confusion is no barrier to making theoretical and methodological progress. It finds that sophisticated modelling techniques can be combined with greater methodological rigo...

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This study analyses 2,765 cases of driving behaviours in three Australian states - New South Wales, Queensland and Victoria. Data were gathered from in-car coordinated video and audio recording sequences in free-flowing traffic along two-, three- and four-lane highways with varying speed limits on all days of the week in daylight and fine weather c...

The Driving Behaviour Inventory (DBI), developed as a measure of dimensions of driver stress, was completed by 61 participants on two occasions separated by an interval of 5 months. Coefficients alpha, test-retest realiability, and correlational analyses between the five scales derived from earlier factor analyses revealed that the ‘driving aggress...

A new scale, the Driving Behaviour Inventory (DBI) was developed to study dimensions of driver stress. The DBI was administered to two independent samples of drivers who commuted daily to work and/or for whom driving was part of their job. In both studies driver stress was defined by five factors which accounted for over 40% of the variance. These...

A need was identified for a consistent set of safety climate factors to provide a basis for aviation industry benchmarking. Six broad safety climate themes were identified from the literature and consultations with industry safety experts. Items representing each of the themes were prepared and administered to 940 Australian commercial pilots. Data...

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Tourism crises can be triggered by natural or human-caused disasters (Sönmez et al., 1999). Crises that have dramatically impacted travel and tourism operators include the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus outbreak, the 2003 Iraq War and terrorist attacks such as the 2002 Bali bombings and that of 11 September 2001 (9/11) on the W...

A substantial literature documents the over-representation of young people, especially males, in serious injuries particularly fatalities, during work, driving, leisure and other activities, as well as their greater propensity for risk taking and differences between their risk perceptions and those of more mature people. This paper outlines some co...

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This study of young drivers’ responses to different message types seeking to influence driver behaviors found no differences between attitude-directed, behavior-directed, or attitude-and-behavior-directed messages in reducing reported speeding or drink-driving behavior intentions. Participants were more likely to report that they would reduce speed...

Despite considerable research on multiparty negotiation, no prior attempt has been made to organize and describe knowledge from the various disciplines represented within this field of study. The present article seeks to offer a comprehensive understanding of multiparty negotiation. It establishes a foundation for a multiparty negotiation paradigm...

This study investigated possible relationships between blood types and personality within a normal population. Evidence from published studies claiming associations between blood type and personality is scanty, conflicting, and characterised by unequal cell sizes. This study predicted that compared to those with other blood types, blood Type B indi...

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This article reports findings from a study of the effectiveness of workplace health and safety officer (WHSO) training in the Brisbane and Gold Coast region of Queensland, Australia. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with WHSO, management and employee respondents from organisations in the construction, manufacturing and service sectors. Qua...

This study determines the factor structure of safety climate within a road construction organization using a modified version of the safety climate questionnaire (SCQ). It also investigates the relationship between safety climate and safety performance. The SCQ was administered to 192 employees from two districts and in two job categories — constru...

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Overviewing selected elements from the literature, this paper locates the notion of safety culture within its parent concept of organisational culture. A distinction is drawn between functionalist and interpretive perspectives on organisational culture. The terms ‘culture’ and ‘climate’ are clarified as they are typically applied to organisations a...

Composition and compilation were examined as two alternative hypotheses relating to 'cognitive competence' in older adults. Techniques of molar equivalence-molecular decomposition (ME-MD) and molecular equivalence-molar analysis (ME-MA) were used to investigate performance of experienced (over 100 hours) younger (18-30 years) and older (45-66 years...

Effects of stress on driving performance can depend on the nature of driver's stress reactions and on the traffic environment. In an experimental study, we assessed multiple dimensions of vulnerability to driver stress by a questionnaire that was validated in previous field studies and related those dimensions to performance on a driving simulator....

This study reports a cluster analysis derived from the Leisure Motivation Scale of Beard and Ragheb as applied to a sample of 1,127 UK holidaymakers. In a pilot study of the full Scale the factors of the original research were replicated and an abbreviated version was then used to enable a gap analysis to be undertaken between items thought importa...

Road traffic accident involvement rates show clear age and gender differences which may in part be accounted for by differences in risk perception and perceptions of driving competence. The present study extends and replicates that of Matthews and Moran (1986). Young (18-30 years) and older (45-60 years) male and female drivers responded to a quest...

This paper considers the role of simulation in investigating risk homeostasis phenomena. Benefits and limitations of simulation are considered before reviewing how simulation can improve understanding of risk homeostasis theory (RHT). A principal tool used for examining RHT— the Aston Driving Simulator (ADS) — is described. A series of five experim...

This special issue of Safety Science is split into two main sections: Section 1 covers Risk Homeostasis Theory (RHT) while Section 2 addresses Risk Assessment (RA). There are 9 papers in Section 1 and 8 in Section 2. The papers in the RHT section are mainly concerned with the domain of driving, whereas those in the RA section are mainly concerned w...

This paper presents an empirical investigation of age and cognitive ability as predictors of computerized information retrieval. Upon the basis of age-related changes in cognitive ability, hypotheses were generated relating to the effects of database structure (linear, hierarchical, or network) and node selection method (explicit or embedded menu)....

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Risk homeostasis theory (RHT) is considered in the context of four methodological and conceptual issues. The first question to be considered is whether the theory, in the terms in which it has been proposed, can be falsified. It is suggested that advances in understanding RHT could be made by clearly identifying what findings would constitute a fal...

This article presents the results of three studies using the Aston Driving Simulator (ADS). The first studies sex and age differences in driving performance when travelling along an open road" task free" from traffic. The second investigates the age and sex differences in driving performance when following a lead vehicle. The third study tests t...

An essential phase in the development of expert systems is to identify knowledge and expertise within a domain and to find out how this is used by experts to solve problems. Health and safety is a multidisciplinary domain in which experts with skills across a range of disciplines are rare and for whom development of expert systems would be worthwhi...

This paper reports four studies of personality and mood correlates of a validated questionnaire measure of predisposition to driver stress, the Driving Behaviour Inventory (DBI: Gulian, Matthews, Glendon, Davies & Debney, 1989a; Ergonomics, 32, 585–602). The DBI measures a general factor of driver stress, plus five more specific dimensions. Study 1...

The Aston research programme on driver behaviour involves several methods of data collection, most of them indirect. These include judgments, scale-ratings and questionnaires. To supplement these with more direct data on behaviour, a low-cost driving simulator was required. The simulator selected was based on an acorn Archimedes personal computer w...

A study of daily behaviours and feelings while driving was carried out with a sample of drivers to ascertain driving stress levels and changes in these as a function of time of day and day of the week. The analysis of responses to a specially designed diary/checklist showed that drivers experience more stress in the evening than in the morning, and...

Driver stress and related issues influence a number of people and situational interactions. Indeed, in a review of the literature on driving stress, Gulian (1987) found a substantial body of research describing physiological modifications associated with various traffic incidents (e.g., increase in heart rate). Yet few investigations have addressed...

One hundred and twenty four occupational first aiders were tested on their ability to carry out cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) at varying times following training (up to three years). Expert assessment of printouts from a Recording Resusci-Anne manikin indicated that only 12 per cent of those tested would be capable of carrying out effective C...

In a U.K. First Aid Community Training Project from a twon with a population of around 19,000 over 1200 people took a 4-h emergency first aid course. Independent evidence for the effects of the training was obtained from hospital casualty registers and from police road traffic accident data. The data indicated that the first aid training significan...

In research the general practice is for experimental studies to be derived from real-life observations, and particularly those from field research. The study here reverses this practice. A real-life situation has been discovered, the conditions of which correspond to those generally employed in risky-shift studies. The quantitative nature of the de...

. . . . Our aims are to show to social scientists that the subject of behaviour in the face of danger is a fascinating and rewarding one and to demonstrate to the practitioner that there is both order and value in what is known about human factors. In both cases our ultimate goal is to stimulate those concerned towards further systematic work. We a...

Understanding individual risk appraisal and safety in action is fundamental to risk assessment and managing risk within organisations. Because individuals manage organisational risks, it is vital to understand elements and processes that shape their personal risk appraisals. In this paper, individual risk appraisal is considered through a series of...

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Despite widespread cynicism, many people believe that astrology influences individual temperament or personality. The scientific literature on personality and astrological Sun sign published over the last four decades shows varied results. This study explored the basis for such beliefs using a balanced design incorporating age and astrological beli...