Iacopo Zanardi

• University of Siena

A comprehensive outline for understanding and recommending the therapeutic use of ozone in combination with established therapy in diseases characterized by a chronic oxidative stress is currently available. The view of the absolute ozone toxicity is wrong, because it has been based either on lung or on studies performed in artificial environments...

The state-of-the-art of oxygen-ozone therapy is now clarified and all the mechanisms of action of medical ozone are within classical biochemistry and molecular biology. The outcomes of standard treatments in peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) and dry-form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) have been compared with the documented the...

We read the article written by Gregg et al. [2014] (1). It is an excellent paper and describes that rates of type-2 diabetes related complications have deeply declined during the last fifteen years in spite of a tripled increase of the number of diabetic patients. The reduction of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, amputation and end-stage renal...

Diacerhein, a poorly water soluble antirheumatic prodrug, was spectroscopically characterized to form inclusion complexes with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) in both aqueous solution and in solid phase. Complexation with the hydrophilic carriers was used to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of the compound. The kinetics of the prodr...

Owing to diabetes, atherosclerosis, and ageing, there are several million patients undergoing skin lesions degenerated into infected ulcers with very little tendency to heal and implying a huge socioeconomical cost. Previous medical experience has shown that the daily application of ozonated oil eliminates the infection and promotes a rapid healing...

This paper tries to emphasize two relevant concepts: the first is that type 2 diabetes is a chronic diseases characterized by both a dysmetabolism and a chronic oxidative stress. A variety of orthodox drugs are somewhat able to correct the metabolic alterations, but do not deal with the chronic inflammation. Consequently, as the validity of precise...

Peritoneal and pleural carcinomatosis are late complications of a primary tumour mainly developed in abdominal organs. Peritoneotomy followed by hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) represents a feasible and effective intervention, which however has considerable risks and cannot guarantee the cure. It appears reasonable to propose and...

The inclusion complexes of herbicides in cyclodextrins (CDs) have been considered in an attempt to assess the potentiality of CDs as new formulation additives for both delivery improvement, and reduction of toxicity in terms of environmental impact. The aim of this work was to evaluate the role of three different types of CDs—namely β-CD and its tw...

The intervention strategies in various types of skin wounds include several treatment programs that depend on the identified disease. Several factors such as aging, defective nutrition, traumatism, atherosclerosis, and diabetes may contribute to the formation of a wound that has no tendency to heal due to a defective and complicated repair process....

This review aims to highlight the advantages and safety of oxygen-ozone therapy (OOT) and to suggest ways to enhance its acceptance. The treatment of a herniated disk by injecting a gaseous oxygen-ozone mixture inside the nucleus pulposus is a great clinical success. However, the use of OOT lags for a number of reasons, including lack of standardiz...

Abstract Stroke is one of the most debilitating diseases, and it is unfortunate that only a small percentage of patients can be treated with thrombolytic agents. Consequently, there is an urgent need of finding an alternative procedure for reoxygenating the so-called penumbra at the earliest time as possible for reducing morbidity and disability. A...

The feasibility of an innovative in vitro technique for providing information about the drainage pattern of certain commercially available ophthalmic gels has been investigated. The samples showed qualitatively andlor quantitatively different formulations in terms of either the gel-forming agents or the other auxiliary substances. Both torsional os...

The aim of this paper is to analyze why ozone can be medically useful when it dissolves in blood or in other biological fluids. In reviewing a number of clinical studies performed in Peripheral Arterial Diseases (PAD) during the last decades, it has been possible to confirm the long-held view that the inverted U-shaped curve, typical of the hormesi...

Besides oxygen, several other gases such as NO, CO, H2, H2S, Xe and O3 have come to age over the past few years. With regards to O3, its mechanisms of action in medicine have been clarified during the last two decades so that now a comprehensive framework for understanding and recommending ozone therapy in various pathologies is available. O3 used...

It is now well established that hyperglycemia, present in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, causes a variety of biochemical derangements leading to a diffused vascular damage responsible for several pathologic manifestations. Although preclinical and clinical studies have been performed by an unreliable administration route, the correct approach of...

Diacerein (DAR) is a pro-drug that undergoes hydrolysis into Rhein (Rh); complexation with Cyclodextrins has been suggested to modulate DAR degradation rate. In this work, the effect of hydroxypropyl derivate of β-Cyclodextrin (HPβCD) complexation on the DAR hydrolysis has been investigated. As for DAR stability in cyclodextrin complexes, a decreas...

Ozone is well recognized as a bactericidal agent and its beneficial effect on wound healing could be a consequence of this property. Because ozone itself does not penetrate the cells but immediately reacts with polyunsaturated fatty acids, its effects should be the results of oxidative reaction. For this reason, ozonated oils could be a way to deli...

During the last century the lifespan of human beings has increased from about 49 to almost 80 years owing to the great advances of biomedical sciences. This fact has strongly stimulated the idea that it may be possible to prolong productive life for another twenty years but paradoxically the problem of both hyper- and hyponutrition severely jeopard...

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin trapping is one of the choice techniques for identifying free radicals and is often used in the study of biological systems. However, its sensitivity can result in a typical complicated EPR spectrum. The accurate simulation of these systems is essential for correct identi-fication of the radical species, w...

Although orthodox medicine has provided a variety of topical anti-infective agents, some of them have become scarcely effective owing to antibiotic- and chemotherapeutic-resistant pathogens. For more than a century, ozone has been known to be an excellent disinfectant that nevertheless had to be used with caution for its oxidizing properties. Only...

A vaccine against HIV able to generate properly neutralizing antibodies and an efficacious cytotoxic T lymphocyte response is of paramount importance. We are proposing a novel approach based on the collection of thousand small HIV-infected human plasma samples for preparing a global vaccine, able to counteract HIV diversity and mutagenicity. The po...

Metabonomic characterization of the effects caused by ozone and other stressors on normal human blood was performed. Samples of blood obtained from healthy subjects were treated ex vivo with increasing concentrations of ozone and/or with UV radiation and heat. (1)H-NMR analysis of plasma samples after treatments showed the quantitative variation of...

Poly-BF3a, a new hydrophobic polymer obtained by spontaneous polymerization of 1-methylene-3-phenyl-1H-indene, was found to give nanoparticles characterized by favorable shape and dimensions. Poly-BF3a nanoparticles were loaded with CR3124, a potent 5HT3 antagonist, as a drug model by desolvation methods either in the absence or in the presence of...

The host-guest interaction between Rhein (Rh)--an anthraquinonic drug characterized by low water solubility and recently considered for its potential antidiabetic and antitumoral activities other than for the well-established anti-inflammatory properties--with cyclodextrins (CDs) was investigated using phase-solubility diagrams. The typical A(L) ph...

Gaseous ozone chemically reacts with unsaturated triglyceride substrates leading to ozonated derivatives with a wide potential applications, ranging from the petrochemical to the pharmaceutical industry. To date, an ultimate understanding of the ozone reactivity during sesame oil ozonation process as well as detailed (1)H and (13)C NMR assignments...

A study aimed to compare the efficiency of the ozone transfer of four hydrophilic dialysis filters, and one hydrophobic gas-exchange device (GED) has been performed. Obviously, the former should be specifically used only for dialysis. Unfortunately, some clinicians incautiously use them as GEDs. It has been shown that: (i) dialysis filters present...

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After a long initial stage obscured by empirism and misconceptions, oxygen-ozonetherapy has now become a scientific discipline where the reactions between ozone and human blood are within the realm of orthodox biochemistry, physiology and pharmacology. Most of the basic mechanisms of action have been clarified and ozone can be considered a pro-drug...

This study reports the ability to settle of commercial pharmaceutical grade starch samples, both native and pregelatinized. The experiments were carried out under different relative humidity (RH%) conditions and the packing properties were evaluated using both official pharmacopoeial monograph conditions and also modified conditions in order to giv...

In an aging population vascular disorders well exemplified by the chronic limb ischemia, chronic heart failure, cerebral ischemia and age-related macular degeneration represent a serious medical and socio-economical problem. While there is always a not easily identifiable first pathogenic noxa, all of these diseases are characterized by ischemia, c...

Orthodox medicine has been very active in the field of topical anti-infective agents and current chemotherapy has procured valid antibiotics, antivirals, vaccines, antibodies, and antiparasitic drugs to be parenterally and/or topically used. However, these drugs may cause side effects and sometimes provide unsatisfactory results because pathogens b...

After five decades characterized by empiricism and several pitfalls, some of the basic mechanisms of action of ozone in pulmonary toxicology and in medicine have been clarified. The present knowledge allows to understand the prolonged inhalation of ozone can be very deleterious first for the lungs and successively for the whole organism. On the oth...

The hypothesis of an autovaccine for HIV is borne out by: (1) the present lack of a valid vaccine; (2) by a remarkable improvement of the HAART, which however does not prevent HIV mutagenicity and a consequent valid immunological response and (3) the persistence of a hidden infection ready to thrive again. The preparation of the autovaccine is desc...

Evaluation of bactericidal effect of different concentrations of ozone when used (a) as a gas, or (b) dissolved in saline. The addition of hydrogen peroxide or 4-hydroxynonenal dissolved in saline was also tested, as well as the effect of human plasma. Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus (MRSA), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, su...

Online Veröffentlicht am 3.März 2009 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). Zusammenfassung: Nach fünf Jahrzehnten, gekennzeichnet durch Empirie und einige Fallstricke, sind einige der grundlegenden Mechanismen der Tätigkeit des Ozons in der Lungentoxikologie und in der Medizin geklärt. Das gegenwärtige Wissen ermöglicht es zu erkennen...

Ozone treatment of commercially available vegetable oils gives rise to the formation of chemical species that are responsible for the therapeutic properties of ozonated oil derivatives in dermatological diseases. In the last years, these products have been successfully used as a topical disinfectant in a number of serious skin affections. The medic...

Recently, the terms of "ossigeno poliatomico liquido, OPL" (liquid polyatomic oxygen) and "ozono in forma liquida" (ozone in liquid form) have been used but they require a correction because intravenous (IV) injection of oxygen and ozone in the liquid state will freeze the blood and kill the patient. It is suggested the correct term "water-soluble...

The absence of a simple and clinically practical method to determine whole blood viscosity can partly justify why the medical community has been slow in realizing the significance of whole blood viscosity. For this reason, the availability of a technique able to evaluate blood viscosity in a rapid and direct manner is welcome. To evaluate the feasi...

Ozonation of either human whole blood or saline-washed erythrocytes causes considerable damage to the latter and this result has opened a controversy. With the benefit of hindsight, it appears logical that once erythrocytes are deprived of the potent antioxidants of plasma, they become very sensitive to the oxidant effects of ozone. The aim of the...

The ability to settle and the tribological properties of three samples of pregelatinized starch widely available commercially were investigated with reference to their technological implications. In particular, we evaluated the influence of storage conditions, storage time, moisture content, equipment, handling, and mechanical treatment on the appa...

We have investigated the performance of a new gas exchange device (GED), named L001, specifically devised for the ozonation of human blood during extracorporeal circulation. This procedure, defined with the acronym "EBOO," means "extracorporeal blood oxygenation-ozonation." The innovative GED is made of microporous, ozone-resistant, polipropylene h...

The physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties, such as pK(a), crystal habit, water solubility, logD, molecular structure and dynamics, and membrane permeability of CR3124 (endo-2-(8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-benz[e]isoindol-1-one, a novel potent 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist) have been studied in order to obtain prefor...

We have clarified the role of the ozone concentration in relation to the resistance of human erythrocytes in whole human blood or in blood diluted either in saline or in distilled water. Spectrophotometric data related to haemoglobin were evaluated by exposing samples of fresh human blood directly to ozone doses (ratio 1:1 volume), within the thera...

Clinical measurement of blood viscosity is an important parameter in the diagnosis of different diseases (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases). The significance of blood viscosity in the microcirculatory flow is also of great importance. Thus, a simple and accurate evaluation of hemorheological properties could be an important cha...