About
121
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Introduction
Current institution
Current position
- System Agronomist. Agroecologist
Additional affiliations
July 1997 - present
Position
- System Agronomist. Agroecologist
Description
- Using redox potential (Eh), pH and electrical conductivity as indicators of soil and plant health to develop principles, cropping systems and practices for agroecological crop protection
August 2014 - October 2017
Africa Rice Center (Africarice) / CIRAD
Position
- System-agronomist. Agroecologist
Description
- After 25 years working on co-designing sustainable cropping systems with farmers, I am developing a research program based on the use of redox potential and pH as indicators of soil and plant health
Publications
Publications (121)
Fungal plant pathogens live in the specific environment of plants. Understanding of the interaction between pathogens and their host plants might open new ways to control plant diseases. Yet, the specificities of the plant environment and its effects on fungal growth are not yet fully explored. Both pH and Eh play a key role during the interaction...
A wealth of knowledge has been published in the last decade on redox regulations in plants. However, these works remained largely at cellular and organelle levels. Simple indicators of oxidative stress at the plant level are still missing. We developed a method for direct measurement of leaf Eh and pH, which revealed spatial, temporal, and genotypi...
Soil redox potential (Eh) and pH are fundamentals parameters for plants growth. Measuring soil Eh is essential but complex due to the lack of measurement reliability resulting from high temporal variability and metrological challenges. This paper proposes practical advancements for measuring Eh in aerobic soils using combined electrodes (improvemen...
Rapid changes in agricultural systems call for profound changes in agricultural research and extension practices. The Diagnosis, Design, Assessment, Training and Extension (DATE) approach was developed and applied to co-design Conservation Agriculture-based cropping systems in contrasted situations. DATE is a multi-scale, multi-stakeholder particip...
This article presents data measured in 44 farms covering a range of cropping practices, soil, and production parameters under contrasted types of crop management: conventional and conservation agriculture. Eighty-six winter wheat fields in Northwestern France were monitored for two growing seasons (2021–2023). The dataset encompasses data about cro...
Les formes d'agriculture se revendiquant de l'agroécologie (agriculture biologique, agriculture de conservation des sols, agriculture régénératrice) sont souvent basées sur des principes ou des cahiers des charges qui ne garantissent pas toujours une réduction des impacts négatifs des pratiques ou un niveau de fourniture de services à la hauteur de...
We reviewed the potential of silicon (Si)-rich biochars (sichars) as crop amendments for pest and pathogen
control. The main pathosystems that emerged from our systematic literature search were bacterial wilt on solanaceous
crops (mainly tomato, pepper, tobacco and eggplant), piercing-sucking hemipteran pests and soilborne
fungi on gramineous crops...
Crop losses from pests threaten global food security and safety. In the last six decades, pest control using chemical pesticides has resulted in important yield gains per unit area, worldwide. However, the long-term sustainability of chemical pest control has
been increasingly thrown into doubt due to the negative impact on human health, biodiversi...
Biochar amendments add persistent organic carbon to soil and can stabilize rhizodeposits and existing soil organic carbon (SOC), but effects of biochar on subsoil carbon stocks have been overlooked. We quantified changes in soil inorganic carbon (SIC) and SOC to 2 m depth 10 years after biochar application to calcareous soil. The total soil carbon...
Crop losses from pests threaten global food security and safety. In the last six decades, pest control using chemical pesticides has resulted in important yield gains per unit area, worldwide. However, the long-term sustainability of chemical pest control has been increasingly thrown into doubt due to the negative impact on human health, biodiversi...
Mon parcours depuis 35 ans est fait de boucles multiples : boucles géographiques qui m’ont permis d’appréhender une grande diversité de situations agroécologiques et socio-économiques (Afrique de l’Ouest, Vietnam, Madagascar) ; boucles entre recherche fondamentale, recherche appliquée, formation et développement rural qui m’ont permis de maintenir...
Agriculture system in the North mountain regions of Vietnam
Climate change models predict an increase in climate variability in the future, with more rainfall extremes and greater risks, causing a negative impact on crops produced by smallholders in West Africa. Conservation Agriculture (CA) systems can be effective in mitigating yield loss in environments with increased weather risk. This study aimed to ev...
Background Plants perform in a specific Eh–pH
spectrum and they rely on various processes to ensure
their homeostasis, which plays a central role in their
defense. The effects of multiple stresses, all translated
into oxidative stress into the plant, and the capacity of
the latter to respond to these stresses results in specific
Eh–pH states in pla...
Soil redox potential is an important factor affecting soil functioning. Yet, very few agronomy studies included soil redox potential in relation to soil processes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial and temporal variation in soil redox potential and to determine the soil parameters affecting its variation. Soil redox potential,...
Biochar-based compound fertilizers (BCF) and amendments have proven to enhance crop yields and modify soil properties (pH, nutrients, organic matter, structure etc.) and are now in commercial production in China. While there is a good understanding of the changes in soil properties following biochar addition, the interactions within the rhizosphere...
This work showed for the first time that organic nutrient transformation techniques based on locally available materials (manure, green waste and advanced biochar) can increase fertilizing efficiency of the resulting substrate by a factor of three compared with other organic amendments without biochar. We used three different composting methods to...
Les chercheurs de l'Initiative "4 pour 1000" réunis à Sète les 7 et 8 novembre 2018 lors de l’atelier "La recherche française autour du programme international de recherche de l’initiative 4 pour 1000 : les sols pour la sécurité alimentaire et le climat" ont lancé un appel pour un "programme scientifique ambitieux" pour la mise en œuvre du volet re...
Metal-blending of biomass prior to pyrolysis is investigated in this work as a tool to modify physico-chemical biochar properties and its behavior as adsorbent. Six different compounds were used for metal-blending: AlCl3, Cu(OH)2, FeSO4, KCl, MgCl2 and Mg(OH)2. Pyrolysis experiments were performed at 400 and 700 �C and the characterization of bioch...
The limitations of conventional farming systems become apparent when confronted with the challenges of sustainability. Conventional agricultural practices tend to degrade soil fertility and result in environmental damage and health risks through their various activities, including tillage, water use and management, and the use of fertilizers and pe...
Face aux enjeux de la durabilité, les systèmes de culture conventionnels montrent
leurs limites. Qu’il s’agisse du travail du sol, de la gestion de l’eau, de l’utilisation d’engrais
ou de pesticides, les pratiques conventionnelles dégradent la fertilité des sols, engendrent des
dégâts environnementaux et des risques sanitaires, et ne sont plus acce...
The soil redox potential (Eh) can provide essential information to characterise soil conditions. In practice, however, numerous problems may arise regarding: (i) Eh determination in soils, especially aerobic soils, e.g. variations in the instrumentation and methodology for Eh measurement, high spatial and temporal Eh variability in soils, irreversi...
Agricultural soils are the primary anthropogenic source of atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O), contributing to global warming and depletion of stratospheric ozone. Biochar addition has shown potential to lower soil N2O emission, with the mechanisms remaining unclear. We incubated eucalypt biochar (550 °C) – 0, 1 and 5% (w/w) in Ferralsol at 3 water re...
1. Semi-arid areas Semi-arid areas cover almost 20% of continental Africa and are characterised by a negative water balance a large part of the year. Their location, between unhealthy forest areas and arid deserts, makes that they were populated very early. As a result, population density is usually high in respect to their bearing capacity. Popula...
Biochars are complex heterogeneous materials that consist of mineral phases, amorphous C, graphitic C, and labile organic molecules, many of which can be either electron donors or acceptors when placed in soil. Biochar is a reductant, but its electrical and electrochemical properties are a function of both the temperature of production and the conc...
3 ième congrès du riz en Afrique. 21-24 octobre 2013. Yaoundé, Cameroun. Thème 2 : Intensification et diversification durables des systèmes à base riz Agriculture de conservation et durabilité des systèmes de culture à base de riz pluvial : leçons des expériences asiatiques et malgaches
Ce manuel tente de synthétiser les connaissances acquises à Madagascar en matière de Semis direct
sur Couverture Végétale permanente (SCV).
Depuis plus de quinze ans, les différents partenaires du GSDM avec en premier lieu TAFA et le
CIRAD, travaillent à la conception, à l’adaptation, à la formation et à la diffusion de ces systèmes
dans des milieu...
Ouvrage de vulgarisation sur la conception et la mise en oeuvre de systèmes de culture en Agriculture de Conservation à Madagascar.
Ouvrage de vulgarisation sur la conception et la mise en oeuvre de systèmes de culture en Agriculture de Conservation à Madagascar.
Proceeding of the 3rd International Conference on Conservation Agriculture in Southeast Asia
Hanoi . 10th - 15th December 2012
Ouvrage de vulgarisation sur la conception et la mise en oeuvre de systèmes de culture en Agriculture de Conservation à Madagascar.
Ouvrage de vulgarisation sur la conception et la mise en oeuvre de systèmes de culture en Agriculture de Conservation à Madagascar.
Background Oxidation-reduction and acid–base reac-tions are essential for the maintenance of all living organisms. However, redox potential (Eh) has received little attention in agronomy, unlike pH, which is regarded as a master variable. Agronomists are probably depriving themselves of a key factor in crop and soil science which could be a useful...
Ouvrage de vulgarisation sur la conception et la mise en oeuvre de systèmes de culture en Semis direct sur couverture végétale permanente (SCV). Volume V chapitre 2.
Ouvrage de vulgarisation sur la conception et la mise en oeuvre de systèmes de culture en Agriculture de Conservation à Madagascar. Annexe sur la flore de Madagascar
Ouvrage de vulgarisation sur la conception et la mise en oeuvre de systèmes de culture en Agriculture de Conservation à Madagascar. Annexe 2 sur les calculs économiques
Ouvrage de vulgarisation sur la conception et la mise en oeuvre de systèmes de culture en Agriculture de Conservation à Madagascar.
Ouvrage de vulgarisation sur la conception et la mise en oeuvre de systèmes de culture en Agriculture de Conservation à Madagascar.
Ouvrage de vulgarisation sur la conception et la mise en oeuvre de systèmes de culture en Agriculture de Conservation à Madagascar
Ouvrage de vulgarisation sur la conception et la mise en oeuvre de systèmes de culture en Agriculture de Conservation à Madagascar.
L’unité de Recherches SCV spécialisée en Agriculture de Conservation travaille avec ses
partenaires dans de nombreuses zones agroécologiques à la création de systèmes de culture
pratiquant le Semis-direct sur Couvertures Végétales (SCV). Pour piloter la gestion des MOS
dans ces systèmes, le modèle de Hénin-Dupuis est utilisé (Hénin et Dupuis, 1945...
Ouvrage de vulgarisation sur la conception et la mise en oeuvre de systèmes de culture en Agriculture de Conservation à Madagascar.
Ouvrage de vulgarisation sur la conception et la mise en oeuvre de systèmes de culture en Agriculture de Conservation à Madagascar.
There is growing recognition for the need to study the impact of agricultural land uses on biological and biochemical properties of soils. In Madagascar, cropping systems based on direct seeding with permanent vegetation cover provide a new means for sustainable agriculture to protect the environment and make the most of natural resources. This stu...
Ouvrage de vulgarisation sur la conception et la mise en oeuvre de systèmes de culture en Agriculture de Conservation à Madagascar.
Direct sowing mulch-based cropping systems (DMC) have been disseminated in Madagascar since ten years. They meet environmental conservation, income generation and poverty alleviation objectives, especially in zones under the constraints of strong population growth, land scarcity, environmental and resources degradation, and unsustainable traditiona...
Ouvrage de Vulgarisation . Agriculture de conservation à Madagascar. Intégration agriculture-élevage
M adagascar presents a wide range of agro-ecological situations and socioeconomic conditions, with small scale agriculture as major feature. It was therefore a challenge to propose a wide range of alternative options for Malagasy agriculture, adapted to these very contrasted situations. The case of Madagascar is a good example of the ability of Dir...
Dans les régions agricoles intertropicales, les systèmes de culture fondés sur le semis direct dans une couverture végétale permanente du sol constituent une voie nouvelle de préservation et de valorisation durable des ressources naturelles. Ils consistent à installer des plantes productrices de biomasse qui créent une couverture végétale permanent...
Cassava is known for its ability to grow on degraded soils and under water stress. It is widely used by farmers as the last possible crop when soils are degraded and is often their only mean to meet their needs, either for self-consumption or for animal feeding. In Madagascar, TAFA and CIRAD recently proposed to intercrop Cassava with Brachiaria ru...
Ce travail consiste à acquérir des connaissances sur l'écologie et la stratégie biologique de Borreria alata (Aub1.) DC., mauvaise herbe majeure en culture de riz pluvial au nord Vietnam Le suivi phénologique montre une phase d'émergence massive au début de la saison des pluies, la phase végétative longue s'étalant sur cinq mois. Les phases de flor...
Tirés à part : O. Husson Résumé Dans les montagnes du nord du Vietnam, le riz pluvial conserve une place importante, mais les rendements obtenus sont extrêmement faibles et variables. L'analyse de la variabilité des rendements obtenus chez les agriculteurs a permis d'identifier les principa-les contraintes à la production rizicole. Elle a été menée...
Introduction The role of soil fauna, especially macro fauna, in soil genesis processes such as organic matter dynamics regulation, release of nutrients absorbable by plants, soil structure stabilisation or soil creation has been largely illustrated in scientific literature. The role of this macro-fauna in regulation of soil microbial activity is no...
Introduction Agriculture in Madagascar has to face tremendous constraints: very low investment capacity, poor infrastructure network, low availability and high prices of inputs, but also uncontrolled bush fires (linked to extensive cattle raising) and deforestation leading to severe erosion, loss of arable land and destruction of downstream infrast...
Au nord du Vietnam, le développement incontrôlé de l'élevage extensif privé à partir des années 80, associé à l'expansion des cultures de pente par abattis-brûlis dans un contexte d'accroissement démographique, ont conduit à la dégradation du milieu montagneux et à une carence chronique en fourrages naturels, à l'origine de rapports conflictuels en...
Animal husbandry is a component of almost all of the highly diverse production systems of the mountainous province of Bac Kan in northern Viet Nam. Some households only keep buffaloes for animal traction in lowland ricefields, whereas other households rely heavily upon income from cow and buffalo raising. Since decollectivization at the end of the...
