Huib AldewereldHogeschool Utrecht · Institute of ICT
Huib Aldewereld
PhD
About
101
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Introduction
Huib Aldewereld currently works at the Institute of ICT, Hogeschool Utrecht. Huib does research in Artificial Intelligence, Information Science and Software Engineering. His current focus is on Practical and Ethical Aspects of Artificial Intelligence Solutions.
Skills and Expertise
Publications
Publications (101)
Artificial Intelligence systems are more and more being introduced into first response; however, this introduction needs to be done responsibly. While generic claims on what this entails already exist, more details are required to understand the exact nature of responsible application of AI within the first response domain. The context in which AI...
Fire fighters operate in a dangerous, dynamic, and complex environment. Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems can contribute to improve fire fighters' situation awareness and decision-making. However, the introduction of AI systems needs to be done responsibly, taking (human) values into account, especially as the situation in which fire fighters op...
We present an evaluation of tools for assessing the impact of AI in the Dutch media sector. Our evaluation of the ECP AIIA tool shows the need for clear guidelines in the adoption of various AI applications within Dutch media organisations. We conclude that the adoption of impact assessment tools, such as the ECP AIIA, is not held back by common me...
Addressing and integrating human values into AI design and development processes in research and practice can be difficult, and a clear methodological approach can clarify issues of both theory and practice. One such approach is Value Sensitive Design (VSD), an established theory for addressing issues of values in a systematic and principled fashio...
The ethics guidelines put forward by the AI High Level Expert Group (AI-HLEG) present a list of seven key requirements that Human-centered, trustworthy AI systems should meet. These guidelines are useful for the evaluation of AI systems, but can be complemented by applied methods and tools for the development of trustworthy AI systems in practice....
To overcome the skills gap between industry demands and learning outcomes achieved by graduates in higher computing education, many Bachelor programs integrate some form of internship in their curriculum; students are assumed to encounter authentic tasks and recent technologies in the workplace. In practice however, educators often do not know spec...
Stakeholder participation is a requirement for environmental decision-making in the European Union. Despite this, numerous instances can be seen in water governance in which stakeholders feel undervalued and unheard, thereby creating unfavourable procedural outcomes, resistance and conflict. In this article, we propose that a process of early-stage...
The development of water infrastructure is a long and complex process that involves multiple stakeholders, multiple scales, various sub-systems and relations of dependence among stakeholders. Stakeholder participation is increasingly seen as an indispensable element of water policymaking. The failure to address stakeholders’ underlying values, howe...
Decision-making processes involving multiple stakeholders can be rather cumbersome, turbulent and lengthy. The stance of some stakeholders, upholding their individual interests, can slowdown or even block such processes. Recent research suggests that a focus on the values of the stakeholders could benefit those decision-making processes. However, t...
Comprehensive models for organizations must, on the one hand, be able to specify global goals and requirements but, on the other hand, cannot assume that particular actors will always act according to the needs and expectations of the system design. Concepts as organizational rules (Zambonelli 2002), norms and institutions (Dignum and Dignum 2001;...
The engineering of applications for complex and dynamic domains with autonomous participants is an increasingly difficult process. Requirements and functionalities are not fixed a priori, components are not designed nor controlled by a common entity, and unplanned or underspecified changes may occur during runtime. There is a need for representing...
The subject of this chapter is the application of models for social coordination (M4SC). Deriving from and extending multiagent systems (MAS), applications of M4SC inherit the attributes of MAS, such as multiple actors, distribution, and heterogeneity, but bring characteristics of their own that are essential to social coordination over and above c...
The preceding chapters have addressed the motivation for the use of models of social coordination (M4SC), described a range of models for the specification of M4SC, an initial version of a unifying meta-model and an overview of application domains. In doing so we have put forward arguments for the benefits arising from the use of M4SC and identifie...
This book addresses the question of how to achieve social coordination in Socio-Cognitive Technical Systems (SCTS). SCTS are a class of Socio-Technical Systems that are complex, open, systems where several humans and digital entities interact in order to achieve some collective endeavour. The book approaches the question from the conceptual backgro...
Norms have been used to represent desirable behaviours that software agents should exhibit in sophisticated multi-agent solutions. An important open research issue refers to group norms, i.e. norms that govern groups of agents. Depending on the interpretation, group norms may be intended to affect the group as a whole, each member of a group, or so...
In regulated organizations, norms may come from various regulation sources imposed by different institutions. With possibly conflicting values and interests, inconsistencies are likely to occur among these norms, e.g., one norm obliges some actions to be done while another norm prohibits the same actions. In this paper, we propose a formalization o...
Normative multi-agent systems offer the ability to integrate social and individual factors to provide increased levels of fidelity with respect to modelling social phenomena, such as cooperation, coordination, group decision making, and organization, in both human and artificial agent systems. An important open research issue refers to group norms,...
A rising trend in software development by public and private organizations is the focus on solutions that combine services (potentially provided by others) into value-added systems. ICT systems based on service-oriented and distributed computing principles require profound changes in the way the software is designed, deployed, and managed. The soft...
In highly regulated environments, where a set of norms de- nes accepted behaviour, protocols provide a way to reduce complex- ity by giving direct, step by step guidelines for behaviour, as long as the protocols comply with the norms. In this work we propose a formal framework to design a protocol from a normative specication. In order to be able t...
With increasing global trade and growing emphasis on security, enhanced information sharing between actors in global supply chains is required. Currently, the data about cargo available in the supply chain does not provide a timely and accurate description of the goods. To solve this data quality issue, data should be captured upstream at the point...
A contemporary governance challenge for govern- ments concerns the biogas domain: what incentives and policies can lead to a viable biogas economy? To support addressing this challenge, a prototype of a simulator is constructed in which horizontal governance is applied in a multi-stakeholder context. This paper reports on the modelling and knowledg...
Security policies in organisations typically take the form of obligations for the employees. However, it is often unclear what the purpose of such obligations is, and how these can be integrated in the operational processes of the organisation. This can result in policies that may be either too strong or too weak, leading to unnecessary productivit...
Within a virtual organization, more than one institution might be involved in the regulation of actors’ behavior. Each institution specifies a set of norms covering a specific aspect of the problem domain with a governance scope defining its remit. Together, they govern the participants and reflect the objectives of the organization. With actors’ b...
Norms are used to represent desirable behaviours that software agents should exhibit in sophisticated multi-agent solutions. Although we now enjoy a body of research on norms, research has, so far, largely ignored a formal treatment of norms aimed at groups of individuals. Depending on the interpretation, group norms may be intended to effect all,...
Organizations, be it public or private, have to ensure that their operations are complying with various governmental regulations, otherwise they may suffer from law suits and financial losses, or they may even not be allowed to operate (e.g., in case of repeated violations). Therefore, organizations need to have a clear understanding of all the rel...
In business environments, different sorts of regulations are imposed to restrict the behavior of both public and private organizations, ranging from legal regulations to internal policies. Regulatory compliance is important for the safety of individual actors as well as the overall business environment. However, complexity derives from not only the...
Published in the 1st European conference on Social intelligence (ECSI 2014)
Security policies in organisations typically take the form of obligations for the employees. However, it is often unclear what the purpose of such obligations is, and how these can be integrated in the operational processes of the organisation. This can result in policies that may be either too strong or too weak, leading to unnecessary productivit...
A shared strategy is a social concept that refers to a type of behavioural pattern that is followed by a significant number of individuals although it is, prima facie, not associated with an obligation or a prohibition. E. Ostrom has argued in favour of the pertinence of social strategies for institutional design and evolution and proposed a charac...
Implementing social concepts such as roles, norms and culture in agent-based models is complicated, especially if the modeller is not an experienced programmer. In this paper we present a web-based application that guides the modeller in defining social concepts in a way that would be feasible to code in an agent-based model. We illustrate the func...
In multi-agent systems, norms are used to regulate agents' behavior so that the objectives of the systems can be realized in a predictable way. Therefore, it is important to check whether agents can comply with the norms imposed on them. However, when norms are interrelated, verification of norm compliance cannot be achieved by checking compliance...
Agents interact with each other regulating by a set of norms which is expressed at different levels of abstraction that capture different contexts and operationalizations. Current normative frameworks deal with norm operationalization, yet few consider the contextual aspects of norms. Moreover, most frameworks are based on the independent evaluatio...
This book constitutes the thoroughly reviewed post-proceeding of International Workshops on Coordination, Organization, Institutions and Norms in Agent Systems, COIN@AAMAS 2012, held in Valencia, Spain in June 2012.
The 13 revised full papers presented together with 1 invited talk went through several rounds of reviewing and revision and were caref...
With increasing global trade and growing emphasis on security, enhanced information sharing between actors in global supply chains is required. Currently, the data about cargo available in the supply chain does not provide a timely and accurate description of the goods. To solve this data quality issue, data should be captured upstream at the point...
Warehouse management and control systems are traditionally highly optimised to a specific situation and do not provide the
flexibility required in contemporary business environments. Agents are advocated to provide adaptiveness and flexibility,
and have been used to solve specific problems in the warehouse logistics domain. While decentralising the...
Regulatory compliance in international trade can be enhanced by facilitating electronic exchange of trade documents to increase the supply chain visibility. Crucial for acceptance of the supply chain visibility concept is trust in the reliability of the data. This depends on both the integrity of information (no data is altered illicitly) and integ...
The organisational specification of a multi-agent system supports agents’ effectiveness in attaining their purpose, or prevent certain undesired behaviour from occurring. This requires that agents are able to find out about the organisational purpose and description and decide on its appropriateness for their own objectives. Organisational modeling...
Organizational modeling languages are used to specify an agent organization in terms of its roles, organizational structure, norms, etc. Agents take part in organizations by playing one or more of the specified roles. Using such an organizational specification to organize a multi-agent system can support agents' effectiveness in attaining their pur...
Normative logics offer descriptions on expected behavior of agents inside a system. Norm implementation in MAS is rarely discussed and in practice, introducing norms triggers indirect impacts on the behavior of agents. In order to obtain some experience, we implemented OperettA norms using 2APL agents in a firefighter simulation. In this article, w...
Crisis management is the process by which an organisation deals with a major unpredictable event that threatens to harm the
organisation or the whole society. Three elements are common to most definitions of crisis: (a) a threat to the organisation,
(b) the element of surprise, and (c) a short decision time [11]. Crisis management, or disaster mana...
Warehouse management systems are traditionally highly optimized to a specific situation and do not provide the flexibility
required in contemporary business environments. Agents are advocated to provide adaptiveness and flexibility, and have been
used to solve specific problems in the warehouse logistics domain. However, for creating a general ware...
An organizational modeling language can be used to specify an agent organization in terms of its roles, organizational structure, norms, etc. Using such an organizational specification to organize a multi-agent system should make the agents more effective in attaining their purpose, or prevent certain undesired behavior from occurring. Agents who w...
Choreography models provide structure for overall behavioral constraints and capture the context of the implementing services. Choreography models, however, are not static and evolve as business partners change over time. In order to increase the robustness of these, typically inter-organizational, business processes, we propose to make services ad...
This work analyses the role of agent-based software and organisation theoretical solutions in the development of Adaptive Service Oriented Architectures. This solution aims to support integrated, scalable, and re-usable information delivery systems. This technology is required in applications that operate in complex service delivery environments, s...
Service-oriented computing is the new wave emerging from maturing Web services and the adoption of elements from Semantic Web technology. More sophistication, in response to business requirements, does of course not make it easier to use or to control. In particular, business processes demand resilience and real-time adaptation in the face of chang...
The increasing complexity of distributed applications requires new modeling and engineering approaches. Such domains require representing the regulating structures explicitly and independently from the acting components (or agents). Organization computational models, based on Organization Theory, have been advocated to specify such systems. In this...
In systems based on organisational specifications a reoc-curring problem remains to be solved in the disparity between the level of abstractness of the organisational concepts and the concepts used in the implementation. Organisational specifications (deliberately) abstract from general practice, which creates a need to relate the abstract concepts...
The concept of Normative Systems can be used in the scope of Multi-Agent Systems to provide reliable contexts of interactions
between agents where acceptable behaviour is specified in terms of norms. Literature on the topic is growing rapidly, and
there is a considerable amount of theoretical frameworks for normative environments, some in the form...
Nowadays, Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) are broadening their applications to open environments, where heterogeneous agents could enter into the system, form agents’ organizations and interact. The high dynamism of open MAS gives rise to potential conflicts ...
In systems based on organisational specifications a reoccurring problem
remains to be solved in the disparity between the level of abstractness
of the organisational concepts and the concepts used in the
implementation. Organisational specifications (deliberately) abstract
from general practice, which creates a need to relate the abstract
concepts...
The deployment of agent societies —as complex systems— in
dynamic and unpredictable settings brings forth critical issues
concerning their design. Organizational models have been advocated to
specify open systems in dynamic environments in order to accomplish the
need to represent regulating structures explicitly and independently
from acting compo...
There is a large body of research on software services, but the issues of communication and dynamic reconfiguration have received
little attention, as have adaptation to environment and dynamic combination of service building blocks into new applications.
Here, we present the approach of the FP7 alive project to the use of formal models of coordina...
Simulations of crisis scenarios have the potential to increase insight in the organisational structures needed as crises escalate. Multi-agent system (MAS) models allow for cost-effective simulations of changing organisational structures, enabling analysis of the implications for enactment during crisis escalation with respect to roles and communic...
Agent organizations are a good means to guarantee certain system objectives in the context of autonomous, self adapting agents.
However, in highly dynamic environments such as in crisis management where different organizations have to cooperate flexibly
and efficiently, the organizational structure itself should also be adaptable to the circumstanc...
A Multi-Agent System is often conceived as an organization of autonomous software agents that participate into social and evolving structures (e.g., organizational configurations) suitable to deal with highly dynamic environments. Nevertheless, systems based on agent technologies rarely capitalize on their potentials since their systemic properties...
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Engineering Societies in the Agents World, ESAW 2009, held in Utrecht, The Netherlands, in November 2009.
The 13 revised full papers and 5 short contributions presented together with two invited talks were carefully selected from 31 submissions. The papers are orga...
Simulations of crisis scenarios have the potential to increase insight in the organizational structures needed as crises es- calate. Real-life simulations involving personnel and figu- rants are expensive and time-consuming. Multi-agent sys- tem models allow for cost-effective simulations of changing organizational structures, enabling analysis of...
The paper provides a study for different kinds of context change that require adaptations of organizational structures through the use of the OperA methodology. This analysis has been conducted within a (simplified) crisis management scenario allowing for a highly dynamic environment;thus, suitable for characterizing and modeling the ways organizat...
In order to design and implement electronic institutions that incorporate norms governing the behavior of the participants
of those institutions, some crucial steps should be taken. The first problem is that human norms are (on purpose) specified
on an abstract level. This ensures applicability of the norms over long periods of time in many differe...
ABSTRACT In the complex, dynamic domain of Air Traffic Control (ATC) many,unexpected events can happen,during the execution of a plan. Sometimes these disruptions make the plan infea- sible and require a change of the original plan. Unexpected events may,disrupt the execution of a plan leading to con- flicts concerning the use of shared resources....
Reidentiflcation has been recognised as the most central job of cognition (2). In this paper, we motivate that concepts as abilities to reidentify (2), rather than classiflcations, should be the basis of an agent's conceptuology. Most concepts are not classes; class deflnitions are artiflcial, often context- dependent, and don't use inductive knowl...
NP-complete problems are a challenging task for researchers, who investigate tractable versions and attempt to generalise the meth- ods used for solving them. Over the years a large set of successful standard methods have been developed. We mention A* and IDA* which have proven to be reasonably successful in solving a set of NP-complete problems, p...
Regulating organizations requires a flne balance between cen- tral control and (local) adaptability. In this paper we report on our ap- proach using explicit organization and coordination models based on the research performed within the European FP7 project alive. One of the principal aims of alive is to combine coordination and organization mecha...
The most common reason for plan repair are the violation of a plan's temporal constraints. Air Traffic Control is an example of an area in which viola- tions of the plan's temporal constraints is rather a rule than an exception. In such domains there is a need for identifying the underlying causes of the constraint violations in order to improve pl...
The viability of the application of the e-Institution paradigm for obtaining overall desired behavior in open multiagent systems
(MAS) lies in the possibility of bringing the norms of the institution to have an actual impact on the MAS. Institutional
norms have to be implemented in the society. The paper addresses two possible views on implementing...
Agent-mediated electronic institutions belong to a new and promising field where interactions among agents are regulated by
means of a set of explicit norms. Current implementations of such open-agent systems are, however, mostly using constraints
on the behaviour of the agents, thereby severely limiting the autonomy of the agents. In this paper we...
We show how protocols (or interaction patterns) can be derived from norms using landmarks. The resulting protocols can be
used by agents to perform their interactions while being certain to stay within the norms governing an e-institution without
having to have a capability for normative reasoning. It can also be used by normative agents as a defau...
We show how protocols can be derived from norms using landmarks. The resulting protocols can be used by agents to fulflll the norms governing an e-institution without having to have a capability for normative reasoning. It can also be used by normative agents as a default protocol to be used, but from which it can deviate in speciflc circumstances.
The most common reason for plan repair are the violation of a plan's temporal constraints. Air Traffic Control is an example of an area in which violations of the plan's temporal constraints is rather a rule than an exception. In such domains there is a need for identifying the underlying causes of the constraint vio-lations in order to improve pla...
In order to regulate different circumstances over an extensive period of time, norms in institutions are stated in a vague
and often ambiguous manner, thereby abstracting from concrete aspects which become instead relevant for the actual functioning
of the institutions. If agent-based electronic institutions, which adhere to a set of abstract requi...
Agent-mediated electronic institutions belong to a new and promising fleld where interactions between a group of agents are regulated by means of a set of explicit norms. Current implementations of such open-agent systems are, however, mostly using constraints on the behaviour of the agents, thereby severely limiting the autonomy of the agents. To...