Hui Fu

• China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research

River ice formation during the winter period is a common phenomenon for most rivers in the northern hemisphere. The combined effect of hydraulic, thermodynamic, and geometric boundary conditions results in a highly complex system when compared to open channel conditions, particularly in regard to ice cover and ice jams. These differences have a con...

Moraine dam breaches occur suddenly and have severe consequences. However, breach-process prediction is challenging. Breach-notch excavation is crucial for risk reduction, but no consensus have been reached regarding the optimal notch shape. This study considers the typical characteristic parameters of the Jialongcuo glacial lake and trapezoidal, t...

In winter, the water transfer channel of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project (MR-StNWTP) in China always encounters ice problems. The preciously simulation and prediction of water temperature is essential for analyzing the ice condition, which is important for the safety control of the water transfer channel in winter. Due to...

Traditional discharge measurements in ice‐covered river channels are time‐consuming and costly, thus limiting the elucidation of flow patterns during winter. This study proposes an analytical model for quantifying the transverse distributions of the unit‐width discharge and the depth‐averaged streamwise velocity in ice‐covered channels by extending...

The discharge of natural rivers is one of the important hydrological factors that are considered when responding to ice-flood disasters during ice periods. Traditionally, holes need to be dug along the cross-section on the ice cover to gauge velocity distributions along the flow depth at each hole, and to calculate the cross-sectional flow discharg...

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a non-contact measurement method widely used to determine ice thickness, which is an important hydrological parameter of rivers in winter. The accuracy of GPR measurements of ice thicknesses is highly dependent on the dielectric constant value of ice. Research on the dielectric constant of ice has mainly focused on...

The hydraulic ram pump is water-powered machinery using low-head hydroenergy. An overall mathematical model is presented to consider the dynamic behavior of the waste and delivery valves. Model experiments, numerical simulations and references analysis are combined to investigate the characteristics of pressure and water level fluctuations, the mot...

Sophisticated stage-discharge rating curves for radial gates are essential to modernization efforts in water conservancy and irrigation projects. However, it is a challenging hydraulic issue to accurately determine discharges through radial gates, especially when subjected to highly submerged flow conditions. According to the variation trend of jet...

Accurate prediction of the discharge through radial gates is difficult. Existing calibration methods typically provide sufficient accuracy for free flows and submerged flows with jet Froude number at vena contracta larger than 1.7. However, their predictions are poor for submerged flows with jet Froude number less than 1.7. Based on the analysis of...

Hydraulic ram pump is an automatic water-lifting machinery, which converts the low-head potential energy of a large volume of water into a small high-head potential energy through the periodic open and close of waste valve and delivery valve. The pump would run inefficiently or even fail if the valves are poorly designed. In this paper, a novel and...

Ice blasting with explosives before the spring breakup of river sections is a preventive measure for ice flooding. Based on 496 datasets on ice cover blasting with No. 2 emulsion rock explosives measured in the Mohe reach of the Heilongjiang River from 2015 to 2018, we analyzed the relationships between the blasting-crater diameter and water depth...

In cold regions, safe operation of inverted siphons might be threatened if incoming floating ice floes accumulate upstream of the inlet. An experimental study is conducted using real ice particles to simulate the ice accumulation phenomenon. The main objective is to gain a better understanding of the ice accumulation characteristics and the resulta...

The Colebrook equation gives the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor for fluid flow in pipes as a function of sand-grain roughness and the Reynolds number. Values of equivalent sand-grain roughness (k) have been obtained for various ductile iron pipes coated with different anticorrosion materials through fluid flow experiments, and the results show that...

https://sciencetrends.com/using-double-frequency-ground-penetrating-radar-to-measure-ice-accumulation/

This study evaluates the possibility of a cascade failure by developing a coupled breach-modeling platform based on onedimensional flow modeling of the river channel, flood propagation, regulation process of reservoir fluctuation, overtopping with breaching, and wave damping downstream. A hyperbolic model of the DB-IWHR was embedded into the platfo...

Forecasting of ice jams and their breakup is crucial to prevent or reduce flooding risk in cold regions. A back propagation (BP) neural network model improved by the Levenberg-Marquardt clustering method has been developed with air temperatures and precipitation as inputs and applied for ice-jam forecasting in a given year in the upper reaches of t...

A piano key weir (PKW) is a new type of labyrinth weir that increases the unit discharge at the unregulated spillway inlet of the weir. It is considered to be an important structure in water supply and drainage systems. However, its complex geometry makes it difficult to achieve an optimal hydraulic design, and only a few design equations and crite...

Ice blasting with explosives is an important method for mitigating or preventing ice jam floods during the spring breakup of frozen rivers. Successful blasting relies on properly determining the relationships between parameters including blasting crater radius, explosive weight, ice cover thickness, and water depth, though variations in the final t...

A new shaft spillway composed of an inlet structure that includes inlet swirling-flow-generating piers, an annular weir, a vertical shaft, and an outlet structure is presented. Major factors influencing the inlet's discharge coefficient, including the number of piers, pier weir angle, weir head, and pier height are discussed. An empirical discharge...

Hydraulic ram pump is an automatic water-pumping equipment generally used to pump drinking and irrigation water in mountainous and rural areas having short of power. In the past, it has been analyzed and optimized by fabricating various prototypes and conducting experiments and comparisons. This process is time and labor consuming and detailed flow...

Breakup ice jams occur during periods of thaw in many northern river courses, which is hard to predict because the formation and progression of breakup ice jams result from a complex interaction between hydrologic, hydraulic, and meteorological processes. Ice jam prediction methods based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) are desirable to provide...

For overcoming disadvantages of single frequency radar system, this study presents a new double frequency radar system with 100 MHz and 1500 MHz working frequency to measure water depth and ice thickness at the same time. A RTK system is used in this system to collect GPS coordinates of measuring points. To avoid interference, 100 MHz and 1500 MHz...

Breaking ice cover or ice jam is essential to prevent flooding in Alpine region. Field experiments have been conducted to study ice-breaking process with explosive in the upper reach of the Heilongjiang River(Amur River)for several years. It is observed that the water depth under the ice cover is a crucial factor affecting crater radius of the brea...

In coastal nuclear power plants, bubble entrainment at the hydraulic jump in the siphon well causes foam pollution and salt fog erosion near the outfall of the siphon well. Thus, bubble elimination in siphon wells has been a topic of considerable interest. This study presents a new hydraulic performance optimization and bubble elimination method ba...

To overcome the limitations such as commonly vortices in inlet and complicated cavitation control measures of vortex drop shaft spillway, a novel shaft spillway which consists of submersible and spiral-flow-generated piers and morning glory weir is developed. Compared with the traditional morning glory shaft spillways, such newly interior energy di...

An artificial open canal was used to understand possible ice problems during reverse transfer in winter. A numerical ice–water modeling system using gates and pumps as inner boundaries has been established. A simplified equivalent transformation method for dealing with inner boundaries and a method for continuous simulation of the ice cover progres...

Sixteen inverted siphons are in operation at the Beijing-Shijiazhuang section in the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. Their safe operation is closely related to the safety and the water diversion efficiency of the whole project during an ice period. The ice accumulation process at the inlet of the inverted siphon is model...

The concept of Piano Key Weir (PKW) is a new technique and trend used to rehabilitate numerous existing dams, which can increase the unit discharge at the unregulated spillway inlet for similar heads and widths. As it is a relatively novel structure, its hydraulic design remains problematic. The discharge capacity character is one of the most impor...

The Middle Route Project for South-to-North Water Transfer, which consists of a long artificial open channel and various hydraulic constructions, is a big water conveyance system. A numerical modeling of water conveyance in the ice period for such large-scale and long distance water transfer project is developed based on the integration of a river...

Uncertainty of model parameters greatly affects the simulation results, and subsequently affects the management and decision making. Based on the numerical modeling system of water conveyance in ice period for large-scale and long distance water channel, the study focused on parameter-induced uncertainty in modeling ice processes which including ic...

Forecast on freeze-up water temperature is a basis for the ice condition. In this study, Adaptive-Network-based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are applied to the freeze-up water temperature forecasting in the Yellow River. Reasonable input parameters of the two models are determined through analyzing each model...

In this paper, the adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is adopted to forecast the freeze up water temperature of the Yellow River, which is the foundation for ice condition forecast. With its hybrid learning scheme, ANFIS is convenient for modelling the nonlinear multivariable process, for instance, in the case of modelling the hy...

Logarithmic velocity distribution formula is commonly used to calculate vertical velocity, but Karman constant K, integral constant B and coefficient of wake strength ∏ cannot be confirmed at present. The value range of these three parameters and their effects on velocity calculation are studied in this paper. The precision, advantages and disadvan...

For overcoming disadvantages of traditional ice-hydrodynamics experiments and model ice, an ice-hydrodynamics simulation platform is developed. This platform greatly improves precision and efficiency, extends simulation capacity, and provides a mean to research complex ice problems in winter. The platform integrates the experiment control SCADA sys...

In a long-distance large-scale pipeline system, the detained air pockets during filling are usually considered that they have a significant impact on the conveyance efficient and safe operation. To assess the effect of detained air pockets, the sensitivity analysis of conveyance efficient is performed firstly. Based on the thermodynamic principles,...

The average roughness height k of pipe is a key parameter in hydraulic calculation of pipe systems while it is also an important index for evaluating the manufacturing qualities of the same type of pipes made of different manufacturers. For a new type of pipes, the first thing from the view of point of hydraulics is to calibrate the value of k in h...

The Kam Tin Main Drainage Channel (KTMDC) is an important river for the city drainage in Hong Kong. The roughness and its variations have an obvious effect on the flood control capacity and the flow capacity. So physical model tests are designed to study the KTMDC. Due to its complex channel structure, the tests are completed in two steps. In Step...

The pipe water-filled process is a complicated hydraulic transient, in which the water flow experiences the transition from the unpressurized unsteady flow to the pressurized flow. Since it is lack of the relevant prototype and model observation data, ones know little on the pipe water-filled process. Based on the investigation of the hydraulic sim...

Based on the ideas of swirling flow cavitation mitigation, energy dissipation, atomization prevention and environment protection, a new flood discharge structure which composed of a swirling device of morning glory shaft spillway and a deep intake has been developed. Its remarkable characteristics are that the flood release as well as desilting or...

The leak detection is of great importance in the reliable operation and management of a pipeline system. Recently, attention is shifted to the use of the time domain or frequency domain methods based on the transient analysis. These methods sometimes require accurate pressure signals obtained during the transient period or by creating ideal conditi...

The Adaptive-Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) has been applied to forecast the ice condition. By using a hybrid learning procedure, the ANFIS is employed to model the nonlinear functions, such as the forecast. By analyzing the ANFIS structure, the characteristic of the water temperature data and the factors related to forecast, and comp...

The Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project is a tree-type water conveyance system consisted of long distance open channel and various hydraulic constructions. For simulate the complicated ice processes due to the ice-water dynamic response characteristics, a numerical modeling system was developed based on the integration of the riv...