Hüseyin Bozkurt

• Professor
• Academic Staff at Gaziantep University

The main objective of this chapter is to explain how a procedure can be implemented to keep a process under control and to produce products within the specification limits. Also, a brief introductory on the curve fitting, equations of approximating curves, the method of least squares, regression and correlation theory is provided.

This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the different scales of measurement used in statistical analysis, which are essential for the correct classification and interpretation of data. The chapter outlines the four primary scales of measurement: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio, each of which has distinct characteristics and applicat...

– Polydiacetylene (PDA) is a conjugated polymer with specific electrical and optical properties that make it suitable for different applications, such as biosensors, drug delivery, and tissue engineering. Depending on environmental stimulation, the blue PDAs can change from blue to red with a fluorescence enhancement. PDA's colorimetric transitions...

Arthrospira platensis, which is known as the most important food supplement of the future due to its high nutritional value, was the focus of this study. The main objective of this study was to develop a functional cracker enriched with proteins, essential amino acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids with the incorporation of A. platensis. Therefor...

Effects of hybrid cooking (ultrasound – ohmic – infrared) and ohmic cooking alone on textural and microbial properties of beef were investigated to get safer and high quality cooked beef. In hybrid cooking, the beef samples pre-treated with ultrasound for 10, 20 and 30 minutes were cooked ohmically at 40, 55 and 70 Volt for 7 minutes, finally infra...

The effect of different thicknesses (2.5, 4 and 5 cm) in cooking methods of ohmic and conventional on colour and textural attributes of beef was investigated in this study. At ohmic cooking three different voltage gradient (30, 50 and 70 V) was also used. Significant differences were found between the colour and majority of texture values of raw an...

Manna bar, a kind of nougat, is a typical Iraqi-Iranian confectionary that is made by manna, glucose syrup, table sugar, egg white, cardamom and nuts (pistachio, walnuts, or almond). Manna bar is a similar confectionary with French nougat, Italian torrone, and Spanish turrón, but produced from different raw materials and different process. The aim...

Much attention has been given to the use of microalgae to produce functional foods that have valuable bioactive chemicals, including essential amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, carotenoids, fiber, and minerals. Microalgal biomasses are increasingly being used to improve the nutritional values of foods because of their unique nutri...

This study aimed to assess the survival of probiotic cultures in kefir. Kefir is a fermented dairy product, and in this study we incorporated nutritionally rich flaxseed mucilage and gum arabic as a prebiotic, then monitored for improvement in the the viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis. In addition, some physicochemic...

Arthrospira platensis is considered a beneficial food due to its nutrition-rich content. Research on the development of food enrichment with its biomass is an important issue. This study was aimed to improve properties of biscuit by incorporation of A. platensis. The taste of the biscuit became attractive by the incorporation of A. platensis (4%) w...

Search on development of food enrichment with Arthrospira platensis biomass remains scarce, which is important for human health. The present study aimed to improve nutritional and sensory properties of white chocolate by incorporation of A. platensis. Five white chocolate trails with/without A. platensis (0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 4%) biomass were designed...

In this study, the effects of spray drying parameters on organic blueberry extract were investigated. High amounts of bioactive compounds were extracted from blueberry by solvent extraction. Response surface methodology was applied for the optimization of spray drying conditions. Extract mass percentage of feed mixture (m/m in dry basis 15-50%), ai...

Kashar is one of the most consumed traditional cheeses in Turkey. It is produced as fresh or mature, which differ in ripening periods. Safe consumption period of kashar was investigated during refrig-erated storage. Five samples of fresh and five samples of mature kashar cheeses collected from local supermarkets in Turkey were analyzed. Changes in...

zet: Food fermentation has been one of the most important and well-known food preserving techniques. The fermented food has added nutritional worth and stays a longer shelf life compared to un-fermented food. Kefir, a fermented dairy product, participate in health by improving intestinal flora with existing lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Kefir is a li...

Food fermentation has been one of the most important and well-known food preserving techniques. The fermented food has added nutritional worth and stays a longer shelf life compared to un-fermented food. Kefir, a fermented dairy product, participate in health by improving intestinal flora with existing lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Kefir is a lightly...

Probiotics are known healthy exporters for human healthy utilized as diet supplements. Most types of probiotics like Lactobacillus applied in milk products possess various health benefits. Recently, fermented milk products contribute to the health of natural food and enhance intestinal microorganisms with the presence of lactic acid bacteria. As we...

zet: Food fermentation has been one of the most important and well-known food preserving techniques. The fermented food has added nutritional worth and stays a longer shelf life compared to un-fermented food. Kefir, a fermented dairy product, participate in health by improving intestinal flora with existing lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Kefir is a li...

This study is the first attempt for bleaching of olive pomace oil by Spirulina platensis biomass as a function of contact time (0–180 min), initial pH (2, 3, 4, and 5), biomass value (2, 4, 8, and 12 g/L), and temperature (303, 323, and 343 K) in a batch system. The surface of Spirulina platensis before and after the bleaching of olive pomace oil a...

Many microbiological, enzymatic, physicochemical, and biochemical changes occur during the production and storage of fresh and processed meat products, which tend to deteriorate more easily by their nature. Nevertheless, consumers mainly prefer cost-effective foods that have a longer shelf life and minimally modified natural properties, can be easi...

The present study aimed to investigate biochemical responses of filamentous algae integrated with surface waters in Yavuzeli-Araban catchment (the south-east of Turkey) by the use of a multivariate approach. This catchment having anthropogenic activities and different climate could affect environmental variables of surface waters, changed the bioch...

This study aims to monitor the effect of whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) on the growth and activity of probiotic bacteria (Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii spp. bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium lactis) in ayran, and also to enhance the functionality of ayran by addition of the probiotics. Effects of WPH...

Great attention has been given to Spirulina platensis for consideration as the superfood of the future due to its high bioactive compounds and nutritional values. Boosting effects of S. platensis and whey protein hydrolysates (WPH) on the growth of probiotics in ayran, a fermented milk product, through the fermentation and storage periods were inve...

In this study, the effects of spray drying parameters on organic strawberry extract were investigated. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize spray drying conditions. Air inlet temperature (120-150°C), extract mass percentage in the feed mixture (m/m in dry basis 15-50%) and solid content of feed (20-40 Brix) were the independent proc...

The aim of this study was to enhance the growth and activity of probiotic bacteria (Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii spp. bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium lactis) by the addition of Spirulina platensis into ayran. The effects of S. platensis at 0 %, 0.25 %, 0.5 %, and 1 % concentrations on the growth o...

The effects of harvesting time and irrigation on volatile and aroma active compounds with some quality parameters (fat content, total protein, total sugar, moisture content, pH and texture) of Uzun and Siirt type pistachios harvested at two different harvest times (Early harvest: Boz, mature harvest: Ben) were investigated. It was found that, moist...

Effects of parts of adsorbent, solution pH level, adsorbent dose, particle size, initial dye concentration, temperature, and contact time on the batch adsorption of Reactive Red (RR) 120 on Moringa oleifera seed (MOS) was studied. The surface structure of MOS was characterized using a scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared (FTI...

Heavy metal pollution in watercourses is a major environmental problem throughout the world due to rapid population growth, industrialization, and economic development. Considering this, the present study aimed to develop a new adsorbent from pumpkin husk (PH) by KOH modification to remove copper (Cu²⁺) ions and to explore its adsorptive potential....

In this study, the effects of ohmic cooking alone and a consecutive application of ohmic and infrared cooking on lipid oxidation and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) formation in beef was investigated. In consecutive cooking, samples were first cooked ohmically at 40, 55 and 70 Volt for 7 minutes, then infrared cooking was applied to each side...

Recently, fermented milk industry comprehensive probiotic bacteria are a popular and universal issue with trade significance. There are various products are obtainable in public markets. The viability of probiotic bacteria in final product of fermented milk and yogurt products up to the time of utilization is the most important object of search in...

Recently, fermented milk industry comprehensive probiotic bacteria are a popular and universal issue with trade significance. There are various products are obtainable in public markets. The viability of probiotic bacteria in final product of fermented milk and yogurt products up to the time of utilization is the most important object of search in...

Consumers know aware of their food, they are becoming raised in protein intake and decreased of fat and carbohydrate. Whey protein is a group of globular protein isolated from the whey can use as a nutritional supplement such as protein supplementation, emulsifiers, gelation of products and water-binding. Whey proteins contain branch series amino a...

Meat products are important sources of dietary cholesterol and saturated fat. The serum cholesterol level, which is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, reportedly increases with higher intake of saturated fats and cholesterol. In this study, the effect of different cooking procedures on the cholesterol, fat, and moisture contents o...

Effects of both hybrid (HD; microwave-convectional) and convectional (CD) drying on total phenolics content (TPC), antioxidant capacity (AOC), vitamin C content, color, rehydration capacity, texture profile analysis and sensorial properties of apricots were investigated. Apricots were dried by CD at 50, 60, 70 °C and by HD at various microwave powe...

In this study, effects of novel casing, antimicrobials (chitosan and AgZeo) incorporated into multilayer polyethylene casing, on chemical and microbial attributes of sucuks were followed through 3 days of fermentation and 12 days of storage after heat treatment. Microbial growth was reduced by chitosan incorporated casing. Aerobic plate count (APC)...

Drying kinetics, modeling, temperature profile and energy indices were investigated in apple slices during drying by a specially designed microwave-hot air domestic hybrid oven at the following conditions: 120, 150 and 180 W microwave powers coupled with 50, 60 and 70 °C air temperatures. Both sources of energy were applied simultaneously during th...

Biyojen aminler amino asitlerin dekarboksilasyonuyla oluşan bileşiklerdir. Histamin, kadaverin, putresin, tiramin, triptamin, serotonin, spermin ve spermidin amino asit dekarboksilasyon reaksiyonuyla oluşan ürünlerdir. İşlenmemiş gıdalar (meyve ve sebzeler) düşük konsantrasyonda biyojen amin içerirler. Ancak, proteince zengin işlenmiş gıdalar (et v...

New kind of adsorbent was produced from grapefruit peel by use of microwave implemented-low temperature hydrothermal carbonization technique. The obtained carbonaceous material that called as ‘hydrochar’ was activated with KOH at room temperature and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer equipped with an attenuated total reflecti...

Drying behavior and kinetics of apricot halves were investigated in a microwave-hot air domestic hybrid oven at 120, 150 and 180 W microwave power and 50, 60 and 70 °C air temperature. Drying operation was finished when the moisture content reached to 25% (wet basis) from 77% (w.b). Increase in microwave power and air temperature increased drying r...

Sour cherries were dried by convectional (CD) at 50, 60, and 70 °C and by hybrid (HD; microwave-convectional) drying at 120, 150, and 180 W coupled with hot air at 50, 60, and 70 °C. In HD, microwave power and hot air were performed simultaneously during drying process. Total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant capacity (AOC), vitamin C content, co...

The study was performed to investigate the effects of using cow effluent for the cultivation of Spirulina platensis on its biomass production and cell physiology. S. platensis was cultivated in three different cow effluents (CE) used as cultivation medium during 15 days. CE was prepared using dry cow manures, and it was further modified with supple...

Cadaverine and tyramine are biogenic amines that are commenly found in fermented foods. This study focused on the reduction of cadaverine and tyramine formation by a new method using proteolytic enzymes (trypsin and chymotrypsin). Cadaverine and tyramine were synthesized from lysine and tyrosine in the presence of their decarboxylase enzymes, respe...

Spirulina cultivated on the low cost media

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of raw and modified pumpkin husk (PH) by loading of Ni2+ ions for removing Acid Black (AB 1). Surface structures of adsorbents were characterized by using Fourier Transform Infrared. Amine, amide, and carboxyl groups of PH played significant roles in the sorption process. Modification by Ni2+ i...

The biosorption of phosphorus in the form of orthophosphate (Po) from wastewater using biomass as the sorbent is of potential importance because the Po-loaded biomass could be applied in the agricultural sector as fertilizer and soil conditioner. However, biomass generally displays a very low affinity for Po sorption and therefore biomass surface m...

This study was designed to explore the effect of exogenously applied cadmium (Cd2+) on the biochemical and morphological structure of Spirogyra setiformis. The presence of regular spiral chloroplasts at control group (without Cd2+) was deteriorated within the 30mg/L Cd2+ group. Lower Cd2+ concentrations decreased the biomass, pigments, and protein...

In recent years, active carbon adsorption as a water treatment technique is very common, however; production techniques of active carbon for better adsorption still need to be improved. Easier, eco-friendly and economical ways have been investigated to make active carbon adsorption treatment technique more appreciable. In this study, grapefruit pee...

The effects of antimicrobial agents (nisin, chitosan, potassium sorbate (PS) or silver substituted zeolite (AgZeo)) incorporated into low density polyethylene (LDPE) on the physicochemical and microbial quality of chicken drumsticks stored at 5 °C for 6 days were investigated. Active multilayer bags (LDPE/polyamide/LDPE-containing 2% antimicrobial...

The study dealt with an evaluating kinetic aspect of removal of Basic Red (BR) 46 by walnut husk (WH). Artificial neural network (ANN), gene expression programming (GEP), logistic, and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were constructed to predict the removal efficiency of BR 46 on WH. Spectra of WH before and after the sorption process were obtain...

Dünya nüfusundaki artışa paralel olarak sanayi kuruluşları, fabrikalar ve diğer endüstriyel üretimler de artmaktadır. Endüstri tesislerinin faaliyeti sonucunda oluşan atık suların, alıcı ortamlara gelişigüzel bırakılması sonucunda doğal sular kirlenmektedir. Kirleticilerin içinde yer alan ağır metallere ve ticari boyalara, alıcı ortamların en ciddi...

In this study, Arthrospira platensis biomass was employed as a biosorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions. The kinetic data were better described by the pseudo-second order model and equilibrium was established within 60–120 min. The intra-particle diffusion was not the only rate-limiting step and film diffusion mi...

In this study, Arthrospira platensis biomass was employed as a biosorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions. The kinetic data were better described by the pseudo-second order model and equilibrium was established within 60–120 min. The intra-particle diffusion was not the only rate-limiting step and film diffusion mi...

The effects of cooking time (10-50 min) and treatments (atmospheric, pressure and microwave cooking) on Kavurma (a ready-to-eat meat product) were investigated. Atmospheric and pressure cooking technique had more desirable quality attributes than microwave cooking technique on kavurma production. Color, texture, moisture content, pH and 2-thiobarbi...

This study is focused on copper and nickel biosorption onto Arthrospira platensis biomass of different biochemical compositions. Four types of A. platensis were employed, namely: (1) typical dry biomass (TDB), (2) carbohydrate-enriched dry biomass (CDB), (3) typical living biomass (TLB), and (4) carbohydrateenriched living biomass (CLB). The CDB wa...

Predictive modeling of β-carotene accumulation by Dunaliella salina as a function of NaCI, pH, and irradiance was studied. Modified Logistic, Gompertz, Schnute, Richards, and Stannard models were fitted to describe β-carotene accumulation by the alga under various environmental conditions. Lag time (λ, days), maximum accumulation (A, pg/cell), and...

This study is focused on copper and nickel biosorption onto Arthrospira platensis biomass of different biochemical compositions. Four types of A. platensis were employed, namely: (1) typical dry biomass (TDΒ), (2) carbohydrate-enriched dry biomass (CDΒ), (3) typical living biomass (TLΒ), and (4) carbohydrate-enriched living biomass (CLΒ). The CDB w...

The use of effective disposal of redundant pumpkin husk (PH) to remove pollutants is an important issue for environmental protection and utilization of resource. The aim of this study was to remove a potentially toxic reactive azo dye, Reactive Red (RR) 120, by widespread PH as a low-cost adsorbent. Particle size, adsorbent dose, pH, temperature, i...

Effects of cadmium (Cd(2+)) on biomass, pigmentation (chlorophyll a, b, and total carotene), malondialdehyde (MDA), and proline productions by Scenedesmus quadricauda var. longispina were investigated. Cadmium had inhibitory effect on the productions of biomass and pigmentation. Significant differences were found in pigment content among groups. On...

Effective disposal of pumpkin husk (PH) as a redundant waste is a significant work for environmental protection and full utilization of resource. Predictive modeling of sorption of Lanaset Red (LR) G on PH was investigated in a batch system as functions of particle size, adsorbent dose, pH, temperature, and initial dye concentration. Fourier transf...

The effective disposal of redundant elephant dung (ED) is important for environmental protection and utilization of resource. The aim of this study was to remove a toxic-azo dye, Reactive Red (RR) 120, using this relatively cheap material as a new adsorbent. The FTIR-ATR spectra of ED powders before and after the sorption of RR 120 and zero point c...

Binary adsorption of Reactive Red (RR) 120 and Reactive Yellow (RY) 81 on Spirogyra maju scula was performed as function of initial dye concentration, pH regimes, and contact time. Characterization of this alga was confirmed by FTIR spectrum. Increasing initial dye concentrations caused to increase (p<0.01) in dye uptakes. Pseudo second– order kine...

Potential use of Chara contraria for sorption of Reactive Red (RR) 120 was investigated. The sorption process was highly dependent on various operating variables like particle size, adsorbent dose, pH, temperature, ionic strength, dye concentration, and contact time. Before and after the sorption of RR 120, adsorbent surfaces were characterized by...

Sorption behavior of Lanaset Red (LR) G on lentil straw (LS) was studied as a function of particle size, adsorbent dose, initial pH value, initial dye concentration, and contact time. Sorption kinetics data was well described by logistic model. Modified logistic equation can be used to explain effects of initial dye concentrations and contact time...

In this study, Chara contraria was used as a novel and low-cost adsorbent for the sorption of Lanaset Red (LR) G. Predictive kinetic, equilibrium, and thermodynamic modeling of removal LR G on the macro alga were studied. The sorption behavior was well described by Logistic model. The equilibrium data was well predicted by Freundlich model which im...

In this study, the adsorption of reactive red 120 (RR 120) on pistachio husk, and the modeling of the adsorption was investigated. Characterization of the pistachio husk was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The pH zpc of pistachio husk was found to be pH 8.5. Increasing the initial pH value decreased (p a 0.01) the amount of dy...

The adsorption of copper ions on Spirulina platensis was studied as a function of contact time, initial metal ion concentration, and initial pH regimes. Characterization of this adsorbent was confirmed by FTIR spectrum. Modified Gompertz and Logistic models have not been previously applied for the adsorption of copper. Logistic was the best model t...

a b s t r a c t The removal of reactive red (RR) 120 on Spirogyra majuscula was performed as a function of initial dye con-centration, contact time and pH regimes. Change in pH values strongly affected (p < 0.01) the adsorption of RR 120 and increasing initial pH value decreased the amount of adsorbed dye. Amount of dye uptake increased (p < 0.01)...

BACKGROUND: Spices are used in different types of foods to improve flavours and are well known for their antioxidant properties. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of rosemary and Hibiscus sabdariffa on the quality attributes of kavurma, a cooked meat product. RESULTS: pH values of samples remained constant ( P > 0.05) at abou...

Batch cultivations were performed to evaluate the influence of phosphate concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 g L(-1)) for pH regimes (9.5, 10.0, and 10.5) on the biomass production by Spirulina platensis. The best condition for cell growth (3.099 g L(-1)) was found at 0.5 g L(-1) phosphate and pH value of 10.0. Cultivation time, phosphate, and...

Uptake of Reactive Red (RR) 120 and biomass pro-duction by Spirulina platensis in the Schlösser medium was followed at different initial dye concentrations (0, 15, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg L -1) under 2.0 klux continuous illumi-nations. Initial dye concentrations and cultivation time sig-nificantly affected (p<0.01) biomass productions. It was observe...

GİRİŞ Dünya nüfusundaki artışa paralel olarak sanayi kuruluşları, fabrikalar ve diğer endüstriyel üretimler de artmaktadır. Ağır metal, tekstil, boya, deri, pil yapımı, demir-çelik fabrikaları gibi birçok endüstri tesislerinin faaliyetleri sonucunda oluşan atık su-ların ortama gelişigüzel bertaraf edilmesi nedeniyle doğal sular aşırı şekilde kirlet...

The removal of Reactive Yellow (RY) 81 from aqueous solution on Spirogyra majuscula was studied as a function of initial dye concentration, contact time and pH regimes. Change in initial pH values strongly affected (p<0.01) the adsorption of RY 81. Amount of dye uptake increased (p<0.01) with increasing in the contact time and initial dye concentra...

This study attempted to investigate variation in biovolume of Scenedesmus obliquus, in the modified Johnson medium at 20+/-2 degrees C, under 16kergcm(-2)s(-1) continuous illumination. The experiments were carried out at four nitrate (8, 12, 16, and 20mM) and four phosphate (0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7mM) concentrations at pH 7 and 8. The best response f...

In this study, the effect of Urtica dioica, Hibiscus sabdariffa butylatedhydroxytoluene (BHT) and nitrite/nitrate on the quality (pH, Hunter L-, a- and b-value and sensory attributes) and safety [2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value and biogenic amine] were investigated during the ripening periods of sucuk (Turkish dry-fermented...