Huajiao li

• Ph. D.
• Professor at China University of Geosciences (Beijing)

Tungsten plays an irreplaceable role in industrial development and high technology and is vital for national security and economic development. Supply and demand imbalances, and geopolitical and social health events, among other factors, lead to supply risks for tungsten resources in different economies. The existing studies have focused on modelin...

This paper investigates the competition intensity of the energy flow among Chinese sectors by employing input‒output (I-O) analysis, a two-mode complex network and the resource allocation process (RAP). Specifically, there exists energy flow from the upstream sector to different downstream sectors, and there are competitive relationships among thes...

The roles of multinational enterprises (MNEs) and domestically owned agents in global carbon emissions differ significantly. Industrial linkage analysis of carbon emissions can be applied to identify critical sectors and their contributions where policies need to be improved for this purpose. This study investigates the industrial linkage of domest...

The present large-scale emerging industry evolves into a form of an open system with blurring boundaries. However, when complex structures with numerous nodes and connections encounter an open system with blurring boundaries, it becomes much more challenging to effectively depict the structure of an emerging industry, which is the precondition for...

Lithium-ion batteries' scientific and technological innovation is a hotspot in the energy storage field. Scientific knowledge has a significant effect on technology innovation in lithium-ion batteries. Understanding how science contributes to the technology in the lithium-ion battery domain could make better use of scientific knowledge to promote t...

This paper explores the flow of embodied minerals of different provinces within China, and the characteristics of embodied mineral supply between the minerals sector of China's provinces and other countries or regions (outside of China) in the world by a nested multiregional input-output (Nested-MRIO) model. Besides, cascading failure is used to si...

In recent years, with the continuous growth of consumer electronic products and the vigorous development of the new energy vehicle industry, the demand for global cobalt resources has increased sharply. The increasing demand is putting enormous pressure on the sustainable development of cobalt resources and exposing them to the risk of supply short...

The water-energy crisis seriously affects the sustainable development of China's steel industry chain. To achieve a coordinated development new path from the perspective of circular economy, it is necessary to analyze “water-energy-economy” dependency relationship of the steel products. This study analyzes a variety of steel products from the persp...

To achieve provincial collaborative management of absolute sustainability, carbon footprint needs to be applied within carbon planetary boundaries. We constructed the provincial-level production-based carbon exceedance and consumption-based carbon exceedance footprint via an environmentally extended multiregional input-output model and downscaled c...

Understanding the energy consumption associated with information and communication technology (ICT) is essential for the sustainable development of a digital economy. Previous studies have mainly focused on the impact of ICT on direct energy consumption, and few have studied the embodied energy of ICT sectors. This paper develops an embodied energy...

To conserve resources and enhance the environmental performance, China has launched the “Zero waste” concept, focused on reutilization of solid waste and recovery of materials, including copper. Although several studies have assessed the copper demand and recycling, there is a lack of understanding on how different waste management options would po...

To reduce carbon emissions, the Chinese government is considering introducing a differentiated industrial carbon tax on enterprises outside the carbon trading market in the future. An efficient carbon tax must consider not only how carbon taxes impact the current economy but also how the size of the tax should be adjusted across time due to externa...

Nickel, cobalt, and lithium are the most critical raw materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The increasing demand for these materials has triggered worries about the trade dependency on raw materials. Traditional trade dependency measures make it difficult to identify high-risk countries (regions) from a systematic perspective. This paper pro...

The growing global trade disputes have raised concerns about the supply security of key minerals needed for strategic emerging industries. As one of the key minerals for many economically powerful countries, the international trade of graphite is exposed to high supply risks. Each country should not only pay attention to the paths through which tra...

With modern industry's increasing demand for products from all sectors of the copper industry chain, the trade relationships between countries for copper material are becoming increasingly closer. Additionally, different trade characteristics exist in different sectors of the industrial chain. Based on the data for the global copper trade in 2019an...

As a critical mineral with highly effective strategic uses, chromium is highly unevenly distributed, leading to frequent international chromium ore trading. As the two most important global economies, China and the U.S., the chromium ore importing market is essential to utilize different trading partner structures. This paper constructed chromium o...

Increasing urbanization day–by–day requires new housing and transportation infrastructures. As a consequence, demand for steel – a basic material for buildings construction as well as for vehicles and railroads – would also increases. This study applies Emergy Accounting (EMA) to assess the Chinás steel industry environmental performance and to ide...

BRICS nations, as a representative of emerging economies, have rapid economic growth and frequent trade activities, which result in a large amount of embodied energy flow (the embodied energy of BRICS accounts for about 42.3% of the global embodied energy) in the BRICS and all over the world. This article uses multilayer network model to study the...

In the rapid process of globalization, merchandise trade has increased year by year, and the circulation and consumption of the energy embodied in the merchandise trade have increased. To study the relevant nature of the global embodied energy trade network (GEETN) from an overall perspective and the control and dependence relationships between var...

The coordinated relationship between the environment, resources and economy is necessary for global sustainable development. As the basis of many countries’ economies, the steel industry has received much attention. Considering the three typical stages in the steel life cycle of ore mining, crude steel production and scrap recycling, this study aim...

CO2 cost pass-through due to environmental policies will lead to an increase in general prices. Because of factors such as the market structure and technology level, the capability of cost pass-through is significantly different among sectors. This topic is related to the central environmental policies regarding who will bear the CO2 cost burden. T...

Capturing the interactive shareholding relations among agents of the oil & gas industry chain is an important topic for obtaining a better understanding of the ownership and structure of the global oil & gas market. This paper proposes a multilayer cross-shareholding network method to map the multiplex cross-shareholding relations in the global oil...

This paper examines the influence factors of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and focuses on the two main questions to be answered: (1) How do the foreign direct investment (FDI) network form and (2) what factors affect the formation of foreign direct investment (FDI) Network. First, we identify the basic FDI relationship in the homogeneous complex...

The steel industry is a basic industry of the national economy, and its product structure is complicated. Due to price differences, the prices of products of different varieties, specifications and origins affect each other and transmit each other. In addition, the steel industry covers the stages of product selection, smelting and processing. The...

Although the steel industry has brought economic benefits to many countries, it also has non-negligible impacts on the environment. To understand how steel production impacts are shared among trading countries, it is necessary to conduct a large scale research from environmental and economic perspectives. This study applies the life cycle assessmen...

The invention of electric vehicle can make great contribution to the transition to low-carbon city, because of its lower pollution feature. Electric vehicle has become a popular development trend in the automotive industry. This industry has a high degree of technological dependence. Electric vehicle technologies involve multiple disciplines, and s...

Most of the previous researches estimate influencing factors impact on air quality average without considering the heterogeneity of influential factors on different levels of air quality. In order to detect the different effects of influencing factors on air quality index (AQI) between lower-AQI and higher-AQI cities, this study applies a spatial q...

The relationship between investor attention and stock prices has been a topic of interest in economics. Previous studies have shown that the correlation relationship between the two changes with time. However, there are few studies to explore the time-varying evolution of the relationship, as well as the transmission characteristics under important...

Given energy and water scarcity, it is necessary to develop an in-depth understanding of the energy-water nexus in China for its sustainable development. Previous studies have focused on nexus accounting, synergy conservation, and system optimization, but its induction mechanism along the supply chains has not been uncovered. This paper proposes a...

In recent years, the international steel market has shown increasingly strong cross-regional correlation. To better understand the price trends of various markets, it is necessary to identify their inherent price spillovers. This paper combines a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity Baba–Engle–Kraft–Kroner (GARCH-BEKK) model an...

The Chinese government may promulgate a carbon tax on the emitters outside the national carbon trading market in the future. The emission reduction strategy needs to consider the specific features of the sectors. However, existing literature on the roles of sectors during a carbon tax on the Chinese economy is insufficient. The aim of this study is...

This paper investigates the volatility spillover among multiple energy stocks in different periods and clusters (the period of similar fluctuation) by employing the Toeplitz inverse covariance-based clustering method (TICC) and network method. Specifically, we investigate the spillover effect among energy stocks in periods and compare that in the s...

To identify the interaction pattern features and driving forces of intersectoral CO2 emissions, this paper studies the interaction pattern types, interaction linkage strengths and key interaction patterns of 28-sector CO2 emissions flow networks in China from 1997 to 2015 via network motif analysis. Network motif analysis is a useful tool for measu...

As a major importer and exporter of steel products, China has trade relations with many markets around the world. However, the development of the Chinese market in recent years has not been stable, and price fluctuations are frequent. To better understand the price trend of China's steel products, based on an adaptive neural fuzzy inference system...

In stock market investment, the first step is to select stocks. To do so, stock traders have depended on two major tools: fundamental analysis and technical analysis, while ignoring the impact of large shareholder behavior on stocks. The major shareholders in the Chinese stock market show a serious herd effect; they can control or influence the sto...

The indirect carbon emission embodied in the intermediate input is also an important indicator of assessing a producer’s carbon emissions. Structural analysis of indirect carbon emissions is helpful to understand the responsibilities between producers and pay efforts to key areas. The aim of this study is to analyze indirect carbon emissions embodi...

As an important research tool in the field of economic physics, complex networks have been widely used in various fields. In recent years, research on heterogeneous networks has become a new hotspot. For mergers and acquisitions, each deal consists of two aspects, namely, concerned parties and the deal event. There are heterogeneous features among...

Hazards are a potential source of harm and damage hiding in shadow zones. Without control, they may accumulate and interact with other types of hazards. In the harsh and complicated circumstance, especially, the deep underground space of coal mines, complex and nonlinear interactions among hazards multiply the probabilities that a hazard turns into...

With the rising profits of oil companies in the refined oil sector, the optimization of the refined oil supply chain network has received more and more attention. In most supply chains (SCs), transaction relationships between suppliers and customers are commonly considered to be an extrapolation from a linear perspective. However, this traditional...

As the largest carbon emitter, China is facing huge pressure and has a heavy task to control emissions. Previous studies have mainly focused on the production- and consumption-based sectors with large emissions, but few draw the whole picture of emission flows in Chinese supply chains in which direct carbon emissions (DCE) become embodied carbon em...

Market competition and trade activities between different economies’ steel industries induce severe steel product price transmission between different economies. Furthermore, steel products in different phases of the industrial chain present various price transmission features. In this research, we calculate the Granger causality relationship betwe...

The steel industry in China has been developing slowly, and the prices of this industry’s products have recently fluctuated. To predict the trends of price changes in the future, we must discover the factors that play leading roles in determining prices. In this paper, an adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is used to measure the factors...

With the application of graphite materials in aerospace, new energy and other emerging industries, the contradiction between the supply and demand of graphite resources strengthens the competition among graphite importers. In this paper, a complex network theory is adopted to analyze the trade competition of the global nature graphite based on trad...

Regional haze pollution has frequently occurred in China over the past several years, and this haze has hindered the development of the economy and harmed the health of people in China. Currently, several studies have analyzed the impact of different influencing factors on haze. However, few studies have comprehensively analyzed the influential fac...

Purpose With the development of heavy industry, urban soil suffers serious pollution, which threatens the sustainable development of cities. Understanding the spatial distribution characteristics of surface soil pollution aids in pollution prevention and control and promotes sustainable development. Materials and methods We use China’s Baotou as a...

Cross-shareholding is a new type of strategic means for capital operation and is an important component of corporate governance. With the increasing complexity of business motivation, the structure of a cross-shareholding network (CSN) is becoming more intricate, and it exposes various important local patterns with different economic functions. The...

The Jing-Jin-Ji region is one of the most atmospherically polluted regions in the world. In this study, the concepts, calculations, and classifications of the atmospheric environmental overloading index (AEOI) have been further developed. The AEOI has been calculated using the daily monitoring values of the concentrations of six main atmospheric po...

Because of the high yields and high risks associated with the stock market, investors can hold diversified portfolios with low relativity of stocks to reduce unsystematic risk. The current literature analyzes single factors affecting the relativity of stocks, but in this paper, we analyze the correlations between different factors to provide multip...

As a resource-dependent local economy and heavy industry cluster, the Jing-Jin-Ji region has become China's largest source of air contaminant emissions and experiences frequent pollutant spillovers. integration process. One of the most urgent steps in the integration development process in Jing-Jin-Ji is achieving joint regional air pollution contr...

Interinstitutional scientific collaboration plays an important role in knowledge production and scientific development. Together with the increasing scale of scientific collaboration, a few institutions that positively participate in interinstitutional scientific collaboration are important in collaboration networks. However, whether becoming an im...

Energy stock investor sentiment reflects the investment desires and expectations of investors and plays a significant role in the investment decision-making process and in asset value. There are many ways to measure investor sentiment; for example, the development of the Internet makes it possible to use the online comments of investors to portray...

In recent years, the application potential of graphite materials in new energy and new materials has gradually developed. Thus, graphite has become increasingly regarded as a necessary strategic resource for the development of new energy and has gradually been considered seriously by various countries. However, at present, an imbalance between the...

Current studies have indicated that the type and intensity of the relations in a social network can impact individuals’ creative performance. However, it is more practical to explore how to improve team's creative performance from the perspective of network and community structure. We conduct a survey of a real scientific team network, in which eac...

Research on the price fluctuation transmission of the carbon trading pilot market is of great significance for the establishment of China’s unified carbon market and its development in the future. In this paper, the carbon market transaction prices of Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Shenzhen, and Guangdong were selected from December 29, 2013 to March...

Shareholders of listed companies can be divided into institutional and non-institutional shareholders. Both groups are important to their listed companies. Many scholars have conducted research on institutional shareholders, some research on non-institutional shareholders, and some scholars have researched similarities of the two shareholder types...

In the stock market, there are widespread information connections between economic agents. Listed companies can obtain mutual information about investment decisions from common shareholders, and the extent of sharing information often determines the relationships between listed companies. Because different shareholder compositions and investment sh...

Interinstitutional scientific collaboration plays an important role in knowledge production and scientific development. Together with the increasing scale of scientific collaboration, a few institutions that positively participate in interinstitutional scientific collaboration are important in collaboration networks. However, whether becoming an im...

In order to explore the characteristics of the evolution behavior of the time-varying relationships between multivariate time series, this paper proposes an algorithm to transfer this evolution process to a complex network. We take the causality patterns as nodes and the succeeding sequence relations between patterns as edges. We used four time ser...

With international trade, energy embodied in goods flows between sectors at a global scale and forms a complex network. Using the world input-output tables from 1995 to 2009, this study aims to apply complex network theory to study the evolutionary features of global embodied energy flow between sectors. The results show that 80% of flows are betwe...

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) trade has contributed to de-regionalizing and integrating the total natural gas market with its advantage of flexibility in delivery. While because of this feature, the international trade of LNG is more changeable. Finding potential links in changeable international LNG trade can help the government quickly find a new p...

The multi-scale method is widely used in analyzing time series of financial markets and it can provide market information for different economic entities who focus on different periods. Through constructing multi-scale networks of price fluctuation correlation in the stock market, we can detect the topological relationship between each time series....

Complex network theory is a widely used tool in the empirical research of financial markets. Two-mode and multi-mode networks are new trends and represent new directions in that they can more accurately simulate relationships between entities. In this paper, we use data for Chinese listed companies holding non-listed financial companies over a ten-...

A city can obtain most of natural resources from outside of city for its development, but the ecological carrying capacity of it is limited. Urban economic development in some countries or areas is still maintained a high speed, but their ecological environment has deteriorated sharply. That means their economic has grown out of the limit of ecolog...

As the global warm problem becomes more and more serious, many countries try hard to develop a low carbon economy and build a low carbon society. Along with low carbon development, the carbon market has grown up around the world. Meanwhile, as the key body of the coal industry, coal listed companies suffered a lot due to the low carbon development....

The objective of this study is to investigate volatility spillover transmission systematically in stock markets across the G20 countries. To achieve this objective, we combined GARCH-BEKK model with complex network theory using the linkages of spillovers. GARCH-BEKK model was used to capture volatility spillover between stock markets. Then, an info...

Few studies address fluctuation and co-fluctuation patterns in the short term or their roles and transmission pathways over the long term. Here, we used the 10-year daily price of the NASDAQ Top 10 listed energy companies to obtain daily returns of each energy stock. The daily fluctuation and co-fluctuation patterns, roles and relationships were st...

Due to high population densities and rapid economic development, great number of cities worldwide rely heavily on external resources, and many are experiencing serious environmental pollution. Municipal governments are facing the issue of balancing the relationship between economic growth and environmental preservation. An urban system is an open,...

As one of the renewable energy, solar energy is experiencing increased but exploratory development worldwide. The positive or negative influences of regional characteristics, like economy, production capacity and allowance policies, make them have uneven solar energy development. In this paper, we aim at quickly exploring the features of provincial...

Liquefied natural gas(LNG) has been categorized as a global commodity because of the continuous globalization of the LNG trade, and there is very close competition between LNG exporters worldwide. However, the overall competition structure and degree of the global LNG trade system were not well portrayed or quantified in the existing literature. Th...

This study proposed a novel visualization and quantitative method for analyzing the roles and investment relationships of nations as well as the global energy investment structure. We constructed a primitive investment network of two different actors--listed energy companies and their shareholders. Then, based on the two-mode national affiliation r...

Energy is not only an important international commodity but is also an important financial product. Many studies address the global energy structure by considering energy as commodity, but few study it based on energy’s financial attributes. In this paper, we analyzed the global energy investment structure based on the shareholding relationships be...

Economic networks in the real world are not homogeneous; therefore, it is important to study economic networks with heterogeneous nodes and edges to simulate a real network more precisely. In this paper, we present an empirical study of the one-mode derivative holding-based network constructed by the two-mode affiliation network of two sets of acto...

The logistical issues surrounding the timing and transport of flowback generated by each shale gas well to the next is a big challenge. Due to more and more flowback being stored temporarily near the shale gas well and reused in the shale gas development, both transportation cost and storage cost are the heavy burden for the developers. This resear...

This paper addresses the problem of relationship analysis of listed companies. It mainly focuses on the analysis of affiliation relationship network among listed companies based on the co-attendance behavior of senior executives. In order to solve this problem we propose a two-stage method. In stage 1, we propose a method of network construction wh...

Adaptive behaviours of nodes can cause the evolution of networks. To investigate the characteristics of evolutionary complex networks that result from the interactions between agents in complex adaptive systems, we construct a complex network model of heat-bug interactions by drawing on statistical physics methods based on the heat-bug experiment....