Hsiang Te Kung

• University of Memphis

Xinjiang is an important arid region in the northwest of China and plays an important role in the field of ecological security protection in China. Because of its aridity, the identification of critical areas for ecological protection and the optimization of ecological space structure in Xinjiang are of great significance for promoting the harmonio...

Rapid and accurate assessments of soil salinity information surrounding saline lakes are crucial for agricultural development and ecological security in arid regions. The Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm is currently utilized to derive the relationship between environmental covariates and soil salinity to perform remote sensing inversion of r...

Ebinur Lake is the largest brackish-water lake in Xinjiang, China. Strong winds constantly have an impact on this shallow water body, causing high variability in turbidity of water. Therefore, it is crucial to continuously monitor suspended particulate matter (SPM) for water quality management. This research aims to develop an advanced spatiotempor...

Under economic globalization, synergy among cities has been actively promoted. Establishing inter–city networks and joint regional development could catalyze economic growth. The mode and pace of urban growth could be gauged by construction land expansion and human–land coordination. This study adopted the dynamic change, the center of gravity, and...

This paper employs the 2018 National Polar-orbiting Partnership/Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (NPP/VIIRS) and Luojia_01 nighttime light imagery to construct a New Composite Nighttime Light Index, which is NCNTL. The reliability of NCNTL is verified based on the analysis of urban road network, population, and Landsat normalized differenc...

Bosten Lake is a crucial water source in arid northwest China, which has been to maintain the ecological balance of the southern Xinjiang region. It contributes to the sustainable development of the local economy and watershed ecology. Insufficient hydrological data for the basin, however, cause uncertainty in hydrological modelling and makes it di...

The variability in the quality of water that runs along the course of a river, flowing out of a mountain pass, through an agricultural oasis and into a lake, has been a key topic of research in recent years. In this study, the characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) along the river flow, and its relationship with water quality, were analy...

Understanding of the buffer scale effect on water quality changes analysis in arid and humid regions is of great significance for exploring the best scale for water quality pollution and scientific planning of land use. The objective of this study is to determine the optimal buffer scales (500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500 and 3000 m) of land use that af...

Good surface water quality is critical to human health and ecology. Land use determines the surface water heat and material balance, which cause climate change and affect water quality. There are many factors affecting water quality degradation, and the process of influence is complex. As rivers, lakes, and other water bodies are used as environmen...

In the current context of rapid development and urbanization, land use and land cover (LULC) types have undergone unprecedented changes, globally and nationally, leading to significant effects on the surrounding ecological environment quality (EEQ). The urban agglomeration in North Slope of Tianshan (UANST) is in the core area of the Silk Road Econ...

Ebinur Lake is a shallow lake and vulnerable to strong winds, which can lead to drastic changes in Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM). High spatial and temporal resolution images are therefore urgently needed for SPM monitoring over the Ebinur Lake. Hence, a high-efficiency inversion model of estimating SPM from high-resolution images using machine...

Water Resource Sustainability Management plays a vitally important role in ensuring sustainable development, especially in water-stressed arid regions throughout the world. In order to achieve sustainable development, it is necessary to study and monitor the water quality in the arid region of Central Asia, an area that is increasingly affected by...

Soil salinization is one of the most important causes for land degradation and desertification and is an important threat to land management, farming activities, water quality, and sustainable development, with the management of saline soil crucial in arid and semi-arid areas. The salt-affected soil is predominant in the Ebinur Lake Wetland Nationa...

This study aims to analyze the pollution characteristics and sources of heavy metal elements for the first time in the Zhundong mining area in Xinjiang using the linear regression model. Additionaly, the health risks with their probability and infleuencing factors on different groups of people's were also evaluated using Monte Carlo (MC) simulation...

This study aims to analyze the pattern of bank erosion and simulate the physical aspects of vulnerability in the lower Meghna River, Bangladesh using remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS). The physical factors of vulnerability were analyzed using GIS-based Structured Query Language (SQL). A questionnaire survey, GPS survey an...

The eco-environment of the arid area is constantly fragile global-wide. The study on the spatial and temporal variation of its landscape pattern can quickly identify the driving factors, which is an effective analysis method of ecological conservation in the arid area. In this study, Jinghe County, Xinjiang, in Northwestern China, is chosen as a ca...

Soil salinization is an extremely serious land degradation problem in arid and semi-arid regions that hinders the sustainable development of agriculture and food security. Information and research on soil salinity using remote sensing (RS) technology provide a quick and accurate assessment and solutions to address this problem. This study aims to c...

Soil salinity is a common global environmental problem that severely restricts industrial, agricultural and human development. In Northwest China, soil salinity is a problem affecting the Lake Ebinur area and needs to be monitored and addressed. The use of optical remote sensing technology to for timely and accurate soil salinity monitoring has gre...

Rapid urbanization in China in recent decades has given rise to increasingly serious ecological and environmental problems. Specifically, the provinces along the Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB) in China have experienced rapid urbanization, and need to take pro-active action in balancing urbanization development with eco-environment conservation. Thi...

Soil salinization is one of the environmental threats affecting the sustainable development of arid oases in the northwest of China. Thus, it is necessary to assess the risk of soil salinity and analyze spatial and temporal changes. The objective of this paper is to develop a temporal and spatial soil salinity risk assessment method based on an int...

While multi-source remote sensing technology has the advantage of accurate and objective quantification, an understanding of the coupling and coordination between regional urbanization and ecological environment is the basis for achieving regional sustainable development. This paper builds the Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI) based on Landsat...

Remote sensing technology can objectively and quantitatively evaluate spatial-temporal change of ecological environmental quality. This paper uses images from Landsat5 Thematic Mapper (TM) in 2007 and Landsat8 operational land imager (OLI) in 2013 and 2016 to extract indicators such as greenness, wetness, heat, and dryness that reflect the ecologic...

The remote sensing information on the extraction method is of great importance to improve the accuracy and efficiency of soil salinization information. The objective of this study is to develop remote sensing extraction techniques to improve soil salinization maps. The following procedures were used in this study: (1) developed a fractional-order a...

Traditional technology for detecting heavy metals in water is time consuming and difficult and thus is not suitable for quantitative detection of large samples. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) can identify multi-state (such as solid, liquid, and gas) substances simultaneously, rapidly and remotely. In this study, water samples were coll...

This study aimed to improve the potential of Analytical Spectral Devices (ASD) hyperspectral and Landsat Operational Land Imager (OLI) data in predicting soil organic matter content (SOMC) in the bare topsoil of the Ebinur Lake Wetland National Nature Reserve (ELWNNR) in northwest China. The results indicated that the correlation of coefficients (R...

National nature reserves in China protect ecosystem and well-being in its region while benefiting humans by providing ecosystem services. Land-use/cover changes result in changes in the landscape pattern and affect the provision of ecosystem service value (ESV). The monetary evaluation of spatial–temporal changes in landscape patterns and ecosystem...

Derivative spectroscopy is a powerful mathematical tool that provides more useful information of spectral data than untreated data. Visible and near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (VIS-NIR) has shown levels of accuracy comparable to conventional laboratory methods for estimating soil properties. The VIS-NIR spectrum is one of the most im...

Ebinur Lake Watershed, with its oases and deserts, is a typically arid and mountainous region on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains. Along with ever increasing human activities, agricultural and domestic wastes have been directly discharged into river systems around the Watershed, which consequently poses a grave threat to the sustainable dev...

For effective monitoring and protection, researchers need to analyze the trends and causes of landscape pattern change in wetlands. The present study used Geographic Information System and remote sensing technology to analyze temporal and spatial dynamics of landscape pattern and related driving forces in the Ebinur Lake Wetland National Nature Res...

Gross Primary Production (GPP) is the sum of ecosystem photosynthetic production and is an important variable in the study of the carbon cycle. Remote sensing methods were used to calculate GPP and compare the GPP of different regions with various land cover types (LCTs). We used a remote sensing-based vegetation-solar radiation (VSr) GPP estimatio...

The Ebinur Lake is a closed inland lake located within the arid region of the Xinjiang Autonomous Region in the northwestern part of China, near the Kazakhstan border. The shrinkage of the lake area is believed to be caused by ecological environmental deterioration and has become an important restraining factor for the social development of the loc...

The interaction between land use/cover change and landscape pattern is pivotal in research concerning global environmental change. This study uses three different Landsat images of 1989, 1998 and 2009 to study the land use/cover and landscape pattern changes in the middle reaches of the Tarim River basin. envi®, erdas®, ArcGIS® and fragstats® softw...

Extracting information about saline soils from remote sensing data can be useful, particularly given the environmental significance and changing nature of these soils in arid environments. One interesting case study is the delta oasis of the Ugan and Kuqa rivers in China’s Xinjiang region, which was studied using a landsat enhanced thematic mapper...

There are many case studies of vertical flow constructed wetlands. However, issues of effectiveness of the vertical flow constructed wetland plants in filtering pollutants needs to be addressed. In the current experiment, three plant species are discussed. The results show that among the three chosen plant species, Juncus effuses was more effective...

We survey some results on linear-time algorithms for systolic arrays. In particular, we show how the greatest common divisor (GCD) of two polynomials of degree n over a finite field can be computed in time O(n) on a linear systolic array of O(n) cells; similarly for the GCD of two n-bit binary numbers. We show how n * n Toeplitz systems of linear e...

This paper uses 3S technology in macroscopic. Combining the integrated technology of ecological quantity analytical method with GIS technology through ArcGIS and Fragstats, the authors study the images of 1972, 1990, 2001, and 2005 and obtained land use data in Jinghe County. Then, the change of land use/cover and landscape pattern had been analyze...

This paper analyzes the space-time change characteristics of the Hubei lake wetland in the past 100 years by means of GIS/RS technology and landscape ecology methods. We may safely draw a conclusion that the trend of Lake Wetland in Hubei province is dying out, the main lake which is the prompt core and carrier of the lake area wetland reduced rapi...

This research used PC ARC/INFO, a geographic information system (GIS), to assess the potential seismic vulnerability of essential facilities in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee. The GIS is a powerful tool for spatial operations. It offers a link between spatial data in a computerized map form and related nonspatial attribute files. It has the a...

This paper introduces a novel algorithm for delineating mutually exclusive service areas of shelters which have finite capabilities to accommodate residents who are unevenly distributed in space. Minimizing the travel cost and keeping spatial continuity with capability constraint are the convergent objectives of this algorithm. The algorithm partit...

A general methodology for fuzzy clustering analysis is developed and illustrated with a case study of water quality evaluation for Dianshan Lake, Shanghai, China. Fuzzy clustering analysis may be used whenever a composite classification of water quality incorporates multiple parameters. In such cases, the technique may be used as a complement or an...

Middle reaches of the Yangtze River are the worst flooded segments along the Yangtze River. It is important to understand and study the variations of frequency and magnitude of historical floods in this area and how were they related to or affected by EI Niño in a long historical period. We applied the statistics and time series to study and analyz...

This paper explores the frequency of precipitation days to better understand flood potential by using different percentiles in the Yangtze River basins from 1950 to 2000. The positive (increasing) trends of the precipitation days at the 75th and the 95th percentile are analysed on both yearly and decadal scales. Some interesting facts have been rev...

With the continual increase in the utilization of rare earth elements (REEs) for industrial and agricultural purposes in China, the research into the environmental biogeochemical behavior of REEs has become a pressing issue. The REEs' content in soil and various parts of wheat under different conditions in soil-plant systems were measured by INAA a...

With VLSI architecture, the chip area and design regularity represent a better measure of cost than the conventional gate count. We show that addition of n-bit binary numbers can be performed on a chip with a regular layout in time proportional to log n and with area proportional to n.

We present the Harvard User-Level Metricom Radio driver (HUMR), a substrate for development of wireless datagram routing protocols, and Any-Path Routing without Loops (APRL), a distance-vector, wireless datagram routing protocol developed on HUMR that provably does not acquire routes that contain loops. Reachability between hosts changes constantly...

This study examines the causes of flood disasters in Jianghan Plain, China and provides practical solutions to mitigate them. Results from this study indicate that both historical archives and more recent recorded data point to an increasing frequency in flood disasters since 1961. Furthermore, damage and losses from flood disasters have also incre...

BNR and Harvard have jointly designed an experimental ATM switch called CreditSwitch with sixteen 622-Mbps ports. Expected to be operational in early 1995, the switch will support credit-based flow control and full-speed multicast. This paper gives a brief overview of the switch architecture and its design goals. 1. Introduction ATM switches will n...

We present Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR), a novel routing protocol for wireless datagram networks that uses the positions of routers and a packet's destination to make packet forwarding decisions. GPSR makes greedy forwarding decisions using only information about a router's immediate neighbors in the network topology. When a packet rea...

This paper describes a new host interface architecture for high-speed networks operating at 800 of Mbit/second or higher rates. The architecture is targeted to achieve several 100s of Mbit/second application-to-application performance for a wide range of host architectures. The architecture achieves the goal by providing a streamlined execution env...

The capabilities of third world countries in dealing withenvironmental problems are often limited by available resources and the tremendous costs of environmental monitoring.This paper attempts to introduce a newmethodology that can be used to derive information aboutenvironmental quality in its spatial and temporal dimensions.This methodology, bas...

BNR and Harvard have jointly designed an experimental ATM switch called CreditSwitch with sixteen 622-Mbps ports. Expected to be operational in early 1995, the switch will support credit-based flow control and full-speed multicast. This paper gives a brief overview of the switch architecture and its design goals.

In the Spring of 1998 we provided all the lectures of Harvard's network course (CS143) on-line with a high quality MPEG real-time video-on-demand server. Our system allowed students to view lectures using a web based user interface from several different locations on campus 24 hours a day. The students loved the educational value of the video servi...

This paper presents three new results concerning credit-based flow control for ATM networks: (1) a simple and robust credit update protocol (CUP) suited for relatively inexpensive hardware/ software implementation; (2) automatic adaptation of credit buffer allocation for virtual circuits (VCs) sharing the same buffer pool; (3) use of credit-based f...

An abstract is not available.

Transport networks are facing new challenges and opportunities because of the explosive growth of data traffic. Besides having to meet the ever-increasing bandwidth demand, transport networks need to provide new functionalities for the support of data applications. For example, they should provide elastic data pipes which guarantee minimum bandwidt...

Multicomputers built around a general network are now a viable alternative to multicomputersbased ona system-specific interconnect because of architectural improvements in two areas. First, the host-network interface overhead can be minimized by reducing copy operations and host interrupts. Second, the network can provide high bandwidth and low lat...

A TCP trunk is an IP tunnel under TCP control, capable of carrying packets from any number of user flows. By exploiting properties of TCP, a TCP trunk provides elastic and reliable transmission over a network, and automatically shares the network fairly with other competing trunks. Moreover, by aggregating user flows into a single trunk flow, TCP t...

This paper describes the scan line array processor (SLAP), a new architecture designed for high-performance yet low-cost image computation. A SLAP is a SIMD linear array of processors, and hence is easy to build and scales well with VLSI technology; yet appropriate special features and programming techniques make it efficient for a surprisingly wid...

+1 617-496-4513 (voice); +1 617-496-5508 (FAX) Abstract We have implemented a low-cost, flexible, and easy-to-use Link Delay Simulator (LDS) for OC-3 (155 Mbps) ATM links using a commodity Pentium PC equipped with a single PCI ATM host adapter. The LDS is a useful tool for studying the effects of varied link delays on protocol behavior. The LDS dem...

In credit-based flow control for ATM networks, switch buffer space is first allocated to each virtual circuit (VC) and then credit control is applied to the VC to prevent possible buffer overflow. Adaptive buffer allocation improves sharing by allowing dynamic allocation of buffer space to multiple VCs sharing the same buffer pool. This paper gives...

Since QVODS knows exactly the bandwidth requirement for each service connection at any given time, the link utilization can be maximized. Since the aggregate input rate for any bottle-neck link is always less than the output rate, the network buffer is minimized, and no congestion will happen to cause data dropping. Queueing delay is minimized and...

The focus of this paper is to develop a screening procedure to obtain information and assess vulnerability of bridges located in the New Madrid seismic zone (NMSZ). This screening methodology includes structural elements, site, foundation, and importance of the bridge. An inventory of the river-crossing bridges in Memphis and Shelby County is made...

In credit-based flow control for ATM networks, a buffer is first allocated to each VC (virtual circuit) and then credit control is applied to the VC for avoiding possible buffer overflow. Receiver-oriented, adaptive buffer allocation allows a receiver to allocate its buffer dynamically, to VCs from multiple upstream nodes based on their bandwidth u...

This paper presents three new results concerning credit-based flow control for ATM networks: (1) a simple and robust credit update protocol (CUP) suited for relatively inexpensive hardware/software implementation; (2) automatic adaptation of credit buffer allocation for virtual circuits (VCs) sharing the same buffer pool; (3) use of credit-based fl...

Nectar is a “network backplane” for use in heterogeneous multicomputers. The initial system consists of a star-shaped fiber-optic network with an aggregate bandwidth of 1.6 gigabits/second and a switching latency of 700 nanoseconds. The system can be scaled up by connecting hundreds of these networks together. The Nectar architecture provides a fle...

parallel architecture. In both cases, the efforts require Several large applications have been parallelized that the persons responsible for the porting are on Nectar, a network-based multicomputer recently intimately familiar with the applications. Since large developed by Carnegie Mellon. These applications applications tend to involve substantia...

iWarp is a parallel architecture developed jointly by Carnegie Mellon University and Intel Corporation. The iWarp communication system supports two widely used interprocessor communication styles: memory communication and systolic communication. This paper describes the rationale, architecture, and implementation for the iWarp communication system....

an iWarp cell; up to 64 MBytes of memory are directly addressable. A large array of iWarp cells will deliver an iWarp is a system architecture for high speed signal, image enormous computing bandwidth never before realized in dis- and scientific computing. The heart of an iWarp system is the iWarp component: a single chip processor that requires on...

This paper describes the architecture and implementa- tion of a mobile IP system. It allows mobile hosts to roam between cells implemented with 2-Mbps radio base stations, while maintaining Internet connectivity . The system is being developed as part of a course on wireless networks at Harvard and has been opera- tional since March 1994. The archi...

A series of large-scale fire suppression tests was conducted for two different commodities stored in steel racks of different heights, and were analyzed using a global heat balance model. In these tests, water was applied uniformly on top of the storage array at selected fire sizes to determine the fire suppressibility for a commodity at a given st...

The Actual Delivered Density (ADD) for rack-storage fires has been investigated experimentally, using an ADD apparatus equipped with a fire plume simulator. The fire plume simulator was calibrated to simulate the plumes of a 6.1-m (20-ft) high rack-storage fire of the FMRC Class I1 Commodity. Three standard upright sprinklers (17132-in. C, ID-in F...

In spite of rapid progress achieved in the methodological research underlying environmental impact assessment (EIA), the problem of weighting various parameters has not yet been solved. This paper presents a new approach, fuzzy clustering analysis, which is illustrated with an EIA case study on Baoshan-Wusong District in Shanghai, China. Fuzzy clus...

Parallel programming requires task scheduling to optimize performance; this primarily involves balancing the load over the processors. In many cases, it is critical to perform task scheduling at runtime. For example, (1) in many parallel applications the task load cannot be accurately predicted a priori; (2) in a network-based multicomputer the com...

Approximately 30,000 sanitary landfills were in operation in the United States in 1976; today, there are

A scheme is proposed to convert the data formats between the HIPPI (high performance parallel interface) and ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) protocols. A possible method of implementing the HIPPI broadband terminal adaptor (HIPPI-BTA), which interfaces multiple HIPPI channels to the SONET (synchronous optical network)/ATM network, is also presente...

The relationship between parallel computation cost and communication cost for performing divide-and-conquer (D&C) computations on a parallel system of p processors is studied. The parallel computation cost is the maximal number of the D&C nodes that any processor in the parallel system may expand, whereas the communication cost is the total number...

This paper evaluates eutrophication in the Dianshan Lake, which is a major source of drinking water for Shanghai, China. The nutrient status shows that Dianshan Lake is ~rogressively approaching an eutrophication stage, and identifies phosphorus as the lmitlng nutrient controlling the eutrophication rocess in the lake. Stream water is the single mo...

A multicomputer is a distributed memory parallel computing system made of multiple homogeneous or heterogeneous processors. Parallel machines of this kind are highly flexible in their configurations and usages, and are expected to be the mainstream high-performance computing environment of the 1990s.Carnegie Mellon University, with its competitivel...

The iWarp processor, which integrates both communication and computation functions on a single VLSI component, is described. The iWarp component and subsystems including it are powerful building blocks for constructing a new generation of application-specific computing systems. These special-purpose systems can achieve very high performance, while...

Sampling around the Baoshan-Wusong area indicated that concentrations of heavy metals in soils were higher than the background levels of agricultural soils of Shanghai-suburbs. Statistical test showed Zn, Cd, Cr, Hg, F, and Pb contaminants were present in the surface soils, and high correlation coefficients were identified between the soluble fract...

The iWarp communication system supports two widely used interprocessor communication styles: memory communication and systolic communication. A description is given of the rationale, architecture, and implementation for the iWarp communication system. Memory communication is flexible and well suited for general computing, whereas systolic communica...

An evaluation is presented of a highly configurable architecture for two-dimensional arrays of powerful processors. The evaluation is based on an array of Warp cells and uses real application programs. The evaluation covers the areas of configurability, array survivability, and performance degradation. The software and algorithms developed for the...

A description is given of the iWarp architecture and how it supports various communication models and system configurations. The heart of an iWarp system is the iWarp component: a single-chip processor that requires only the addition of memory chips to form a complete system building block, called the iWarp cell. Each iWarp component contains both...

A fast back-propagation algorithm for a linear array of processors is described. Results of an implementation of this algorithm on Warp, a ten-processor, programmable systolic array computer, are reviewed and compared with back-propagation implementations on other machines. The current Warp simulator is about eight times faster at simulating the NE...

The nature of the deadlock problem for the systolic model of communication is described. This problem does not exist for special-purpose systolic arrays for which the hardware designer can afford providing as many queues as required by the specific computation that the array intends to implement. However, for programmable systolic arrays, the numbe...