H.P. Singh

Banaras Hindu University | BHU · Department of Agricultural Economics

International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Biotechnology

With a share of 28.70 percent in the total area in the country, Uttar Pradesh is one the largest producer of potatoes in the country. Potato is a semi-perishable crop, and every year the fluctuations can be seen in the arrivals and prices of the crop. The present study was conducted in the selected five markets of Uttar Pradesh to analyse the beh...

The economics of planted and ratoon sugarcane cultivation have been studied in Gopalganj district of Bihar, by collecting primary data on various aspects of costs and returns, Benefit-cost ratio (BCR) and resource use efficiency. The study had shown that the value of BCR was higher for ratoon crop (3.26) than in planted crop (2.30). In all the situ...

The present study analysed the change in the consumption pattern of agricultural commodities in Himachal Pradesh using the consumption expenditure survey of the National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) for 43 rd , 50 th , 61 st, and 68 th rounds across income groups and for rural and urban sectors. The results showed that the marked difference in...

The paper aims at analyzing the variation in acreage, production and productivity of agricultural commodities in Himachal Pradesh from 1988-89 to 2015-16. The study revealed that area and number of marginal and small holdings have increased over the years, while for medium and large farmers it decreased. The study presents reduction in area under a...

The present study initiates and analyzes the growth trends in area, production and productivity of sugarcane crop, measure the variability of sugarcane crop at the district levels in Bihar. The data obtained from secondary sources for the period of 42 years beginning from 1970-71 to 2011-12 and analyze by using simple descriptive statistics, CAGR (...

Within horticulture, vegetable production is considered important for agricultural development and the economy of the country as it generates more income and employment and promotes equity when marketing is done rightly. The present study was undertaken to examine the trends, relationship, as well as seasonal fluctuations in arrivals and prices of...

The present paper estimate the cost and returns of sugarcane cultivation, input use efficiency and production constraints have been computed using primary data collected from 68 sugarcane growers on various aspects of costs and returns spread over two blocks in East-Champaran district of Bihar. The paper has analysed that an average sugarcane culti...

Resource conservation technologies (RCTs) are one of the improved practices for crop production, which enhance input use efficiency and reduce the negative consequences of crop production. Out of several options of RCTs, farmers mainly adopt and use zero/reduced tillage and rotavator for land preparation and sowing of wheat crop. The present study...

Agriculture marketing not only stimulates production and consumption but also accelerates the pace of economic development. The present study was conducted in Baijnath regulated market of district Kangra of Himachal Pradesh. The market fee was found to be the main source of income in the market. The vegetables produced in the region were sold throu...

Present study was an attempt to find out the resource use efficiency for rain-fed maize cultivation in Jaunpur district, India. Study uses primary data and data was collected from 140 randomly selected rain-fed maize growers using pretested schedule. Stochastic frontier production model was applied; using Cobb Douglas production function to determi...

Biofortification is the process of enriching the staple food crops with nutrients and a way towards more nourishing future. India ranks number one in terms of low birth weight infants at an estimated 7.4 million undernourished kids. Mild to moderate zinc deficiency (ZnD) is common in India because the commonly consumed staple foods have low zinc co...

Banana is the second most important fruit crop in India, and India ranks first in banana production in the world. Tamil Nadu leads in both area and production of banana in India. Precision farming technique is getting wide acceptance in banana cultivation owing to its higher yield and profitability. This paper attempts to study resource use efficie...

An attempt has been made to examine the growth pattern in area, production and yield of pigeon pea and to analyse the contribution of area and productivity/yield in the production of pigeon pea and to look into the degree of variation in area, production and productivity/yield together with price trend, pattern of market arrivals and price behaviou...

Increasing water shortages is a global issue environmental impact from all uses of water, particularly irrigated agriculture urgently need special attention and stagnation in yield growth may be the result of the degradation of resource base, cause by mining of soil nutrients, declining organic matter levels, increasing salinity, depleting undergro...

An indirect, phase-locked loop, GaAs enhanced frequency synthesizer with 700-ns settling time has been developed using a 0.4 μm gate multifunction self-aligned gate (MSAG) process. The two-chip GaAs insertion reduces the size of an existing synthesizer from 90 cubic inches to only 30 cubic inches. The 6.0×5.5×0.9 inch module contains a 400-gate, Ga...

A 10-bit digital-to-analog converter (DAC) has been designed and fabricated in gallium arsenide using a 0.7-μm MESFET self-aligned gate process. This circuit has the highest reported resolution for a GaAs DAC with monolithic current sources. The DAC operates at a 1-GHz sampling rate while dissipating only 139 mW of power. This design is not ideal f...

To increase the performance of GaAs LSI digital circuits, a new 0.4 μm fabrication process is developed which demonstrates excellent yields for E/D logic circuits of up to 5000 gates. The refractory self-aligned gate process uses stepper-compatible 1 μm lithography. An n⁺/n'/buried-p structure results in excellent threshold voltage unifo...

A GaAs sample and hold circuit developed with a 2.5-GHz sample rate with 30 mW of power dissipation is described. The acquisition time or the time it takes the output to reacquire the input after a hold is 250 ps. Circuit design, fabrication, and test results are described. The sample and hold schematic diagram is shown

GaAs monolithic parallel-to-serial (P/S) and serial-to-parallel (S/P) converters which provide significant improvements in speed and power performance over previously reported devices are described. The converters are designed with an architecture that provides automatic frame synchronization, simple cascadability, and low power dissipation. Each c...

In order to perform the real-time fast Fourier transmission required by secure communication systems at rates that can be as high as 20-30 MHz, the implementation of the FFT kernel, the butterfly, by a GaAs chip-set was undertaken. The basic parameters are set to a real-time bandwidth of 20 MHz and a spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) of 70 dB. The...

A 4-b flash analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and 5-b digital-to-analog converter (DAC) have been designed and fabricated in gallium arsenide using a 0.7-μm MESFET self-aligned gate process. The ADC operates at a 1-GHz sampling rate with a chip power dissipation of only 140 mW, while the DAC consumes only 85 mW of power at a 1-GHz sampling rate. To...

To increase the manufacturability of GaAs E/D logic, a 0.7-μm buried-p-layer (BP) self-aligned gate process was developed. It has demonstrated excellent yields for circuits of up to 5000 gates. Device and circuit performance has been studied as a function of BP implant dose. LSI circuit yield and performance has been characterized using 4-b×4-b, 8-...

A custom 3.0-GHz, low-power GaAs divide-by-4/5/6/7 prescaler with the highest reported frequency and lowest speed-power product for any high-speed GaAs or silicon multi-modulus prescaler is presented. A speed-power product of 30 pJ has been obtained at 3.0 GHz, with V DD=2.2 V. The best on-wafer full functional yield was 73%

A high-speed, low-power GaAs digital arithmetic subsystem has been developed which performs 8-bit arithmetic and logic functions required for signal processing. The subsystem integrates seven GaAs integrated circuits, including an 8×8-bit multiplier/accumulator, two 4-bit arithmetic logic units, three logical multiplexers, and a logical demultiplex...

Fabrication details, radio-frequency (RF) yield results, and RF performance vs. temperature results are presented for an emitter-coupled-logic (ECL)-compatible L -band, limiting dual-modulus (÷10/11) prescaler. This process for monolithic integration of analog and digital circuit functions uses refractory-self-aligned-gate FET technology. When test...

A high-speed 8-bit shift register and 4-bit ALU (arithmetic logic unit) have been implemented using low-power GaAs DCFL (direct-coupled FET logic). Both circuits are fabricated with a high-yield titanium tungsten nitride self-aligned gate MESFET process. The 8-bit shift register works at up to 1.9 GHz and consumes only 56 mW of power, while the 4-b...